2019考研英语一二真题及答案

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET(10points)

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsare

availableonoursmartphones.Iofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.But

phones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize,3yougetlostwithout

aphoneoracompass,andyou4cantfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate5to

civilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail,butnotinacompletely7area,youhaveto

answertwoquestions:Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearest

watersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9jf

youheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould10seesignsofpeople

Ifyou'veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe11

howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13evenindense

fores,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andother

pathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atmight

canthehorizonfor17lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglow

oflightpollution.

18,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we

leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All

2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]until

4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

5.[A]backfB]next[C]around[D]away

6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

9.fA]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

IO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall|B|IncontrastfC]Onaverage[D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15.[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally

19.[A]memories[B]marks|C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.

Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayedloyearsiftheirbanks

areunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis"clawback"ruleistoholdbankers

accountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficials

alsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyall

corporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism"orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,

saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassical

economics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike'*Childrenwho

picktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce^^ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeaten

last.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henoteshas

droppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemand

highquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinIone-termresearch

ortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed''quarterlycapitalism^^.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruse

ofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobea

predominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting/'saidCommissioner

DanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodefer

performancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreducenshort-termism.

°InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthatuasubstantialpart"ofexecutive

payisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcode

andquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompany

investmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivesto

thinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain'snewruleis

aremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbut

forthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

A.enhancebankers*senseofresponsibility

Bhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governmentsimpatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D.Mshort-termismHineconomicactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

A.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

A.theobstaclestopreventingnshort-termism.

B.thesignificanceorlongtermthinking.

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism.

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthepast

fewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhich

studentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburied

deepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,and

themostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent's

overallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinueto

dotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)andimprovetheirgradationrates.

Whenthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethema

secondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-level

courses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,and

evengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegrade

itselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramand

gradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."Untimely,"saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity's

registrar,"weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterin

subsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaswell.For

publicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchas

graduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,mean

moremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendoftheday

arepayingthebill-feelthey'vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbig

concernforcolleges.

Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'

expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoa

job,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-or

atleastappeartobe.Onthis,students*andcolleges,incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.StudentsindifferencetoGPAS.

CCollegesneglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincollegesgraduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities9incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5.gradeforgivenessenablescolleges

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.

C.improvetheirteachingquality.

D.meetlocalgovernments9needs.

29.Whatdoesthephrase"tobealigned^(Line5.Para.6)mostprobablymean?

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

30.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby

Aassessingitsfeasibility

B.analyzingthecausesbehindit.

C.comparingdifferentviewsonit.

D.listingitslong-runeffects

Text3

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein,or.TheModem

PrometheusbyMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthor

producedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanychicalquestions

toberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(An)raisesfundamentalquestions:"Whatis

intelligence,identity,orconsciousness?whatmakeshumanshumans?

Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatetheway

humansthinkcontinuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobots

thatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopular

sci-fiTvseriessuchasnWestworldand,'HumansM.

Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstoodletalonereproduced,says

DavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist,"Wearejustinasituationwherethereare

nogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachine

togetthere.”

Butthatdoesn'tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAlaren'tathand.Thecominguseof

autonomousvehicles,forexampleposesthornyethicalquestions.Humandriverssometime

makesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybeacomplexcombinationofinstantreflexes,

inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI

nvision"todayisnotnearlyassophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginable

drivingsituationisadifficultprogrammingproblem.

Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,"youquicklygetintoalotofethical

questions,"notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingapore-basedagencythatishelpingthe

governmentdevelopavoluntarycodefortheethicaluseofAl.AlongwithSingapore,other

governmentsandmega-corporationsarebeginningtoestablishtheirownguidelines.Britainis

settingupadataethicscenter.IndiareleaseditsAlethicsstrategythisspring.

OnJune7GooglepledgednottoudesignordeployAr"thatwouldcausenoverallharm,nor

todevelopAl-directedweaponsoruseAlforsurveillancethatwouldviolateinternationalnorms.

ItalsopledgednottodeployAIwhoseusewouldviolateinternationallawsorhumanrights.

Whilethestatementisvague,itrepresentsonestartingpoint,Sodoestheideathatdecisions

madebyAlsystemsshouldbeexplainable,transparent,andfair.

Toputitanotherway.Howcanwemakesurethatthethinkingofintelligentmachinesreflects

humanity'shighestvalues?OnlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnotFrankenstein'sout-of-

controlmonster.

31.MaryShelley'snovelFrankensteinismentionedbecause

A.fascinatesAlscientistsallovertheworld

B.hasremainedpopularforaslongas200years.

C.involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAltoday

D.hassparkedseriousethicalcontroversies

32.InDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousness

A.helpsexplainartificialintelligence.

B.canbemisleadingtorobotmaking

C.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries

D.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit

33・Thesolutiontotheethicalissuesbroughtbyautonomousvehicles

A.canhardlyeverbefound.

B.isstillbeyondourcapacity

C.causeslittlepublicconcern

D.hasarousedmuchcuriosity

34.TheauthorsattitudetowardGoogle'spledgesisoneof

A.AffirmationB.skepticismC.contemptD.respect

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AFsFuture:IntheHandsofTechgiants

B.Frankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofA

C.TheConscienceofAl:ComplexButInevitable

D.AIShallBeKillersonceoutofControl

Text4

Stateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchases

underaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswithlighterwalletsbutisabig

financialwinforstates.

TheSupremeCourtsopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstates

saidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeitmoredifficultfor

statestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.

Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomerspurchasetoa

statewherethebusinessdidn'thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,the

businessdid*thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsiblefor

payingthesalestaxtothestatethemselvesiftheyweren'tchargedit,butmostdidn'trealizethey

oweditandfewpaid.

JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed.Eachyearthe

physicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificant

revenuelossestotheStates."hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices,Kennedywrote

thattherulelimitedstatesabilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarket

participantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”

Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusually

collectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalreadyNow,rivalswillbechargingsalestaxwherethey

hadn'tbefore,Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwidebecausetheytypicallyhave

physicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeingshippedto.Amazon.com.withitsnetworkof

warehousesalsocollectssalestaxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhouse

thesitedon'thaveto.

Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafewstates

havebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddressesoutsidethosestates

SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy.whichprovideplatformsforsmallersellers,alsohat

collectingsalestaxnationwide.UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslaws

out.,statesellerstocollectthestate'ssalestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestale

Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocalandonline

businesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-onlyretailersespecially

smallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwithvariousstatesalestaxlaws.The

SmallBusinessEntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinastatementuSmall

businessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatallbythisdecision.

36.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywill

A.Dettebusinessrelationswithstates

B.putmostonlinebusinessinadilemma

C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysulestax

D.forcesomesatestoctsalestax

37.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph2and3thattheoverruleddecisions

A.haveledtothedomainanceofe-commerce

B.havecostconsumersalotovertheyears

C.werewidelycriticizedbyonlinepurchase

D.wereconsiderunfavorablebystates

38.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehas

A.hinderedeconomicdevelopment

B.broughtprosperitytothecountry

C.harmedfairmarketcompetition

D.Boostedgrowthinstates,revenue

39.WhoaremostlikelytowelcometheSupremeCourtruling

A.Internetentrepreneurs

B.Big-chairowners

B.Third-partysellers

D.Smallretailers

40.IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaytheauthor

A.givesafactualaccountofitanddiscussesitsconsequences

B.describesthelongandcomplicatedprocessofitsmaking

C.presentsitsmainpointswithconflictingviewsonthem

D.citiessomesacesrelatedtoitandanalyzestheirimplications

PartB

Directions.

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45.youarerequired

toreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfilling

thenintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument-notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyour

opponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningabouttheissuesthatdividepeoplelearningwhythey

disagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewof

arguments-fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgain

mutualrespect,andunderstanding-thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto”win“an

argument.

B.Ofcourse,manydiscussionsarenotsosuccessful.Still,weneedtobecarefulnottoaccuse

opponentsofbadargumentstooquickly.Weneedtoleanhowtoevaluatethemproperly.Alarge

partofevaluationiscallingoutbadarguments,butwealsoneedtoadmitgoodargumentsby

opponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognize

weaknessinyourownargumentsandsometimesalsotoacceptreasonsontheoppositeside.

C.NoneofthesewillbeeasybutyoucanstartevenifothersrefusetoNexttimeyoustateyour

position,formulateanargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryour

argumentisanygood.Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyoua

reasonfortheirviewSpellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessitsstrengthimpartially.

Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.

D.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Like

physicaltights,verbalfightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupno

betteroff.Yourprospectswouldbealmostasdismalifargumentswereevenjustcompetitionslike.

Say,tennisgames.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneremergesfromall

whoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingiswhysomanypeopletrytoavoid

arguments,especiallyaboutpoliticsandreligion.

E.Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:"Thereis

onlyoneway.togetthebestofanargument-andthatistoavoidit.nThisaversiontoargumentsis

common,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesprofoundproblemsforour

personalandsociallives-andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.

F.Theseviewsofargumentsalsounderminereason.Ifyouseeaconversationasafightor

competition.youcanwinbycheatingaslongasyoudongocaught.Youwillbehappyto

convincepeoplewithbadarguments.Youcancalltheirviewsstupidorjokeabouthowignorant

theyare.Noneofthesetrickswillhelpyouunderstandthem,theirpositionsortheissuesthat

divideyou,buttheycanhelpyouwin-inoneway.

G.Thereisabetterwaytowinarguments.Imaginethatyoufavorincreasingtheminimumwage

inourstate,andIdonot.Ifyouyell,"Yes,"andIyell.uNo,"neitherofuslearnsanything.We

neitherunderstandnorrespecteachother,andwehavenobasisforcompromiseorcooperation.In

contrast,supposeyougiveareasonableargument:thatfull-timeworkersshouldnothavetolivein

poverty.ThenIcounterwithanotherreasonableargument:thatahigherminimumwagewillforce

businessestoemployfewerpeopleforlesstime.Nowwecanunderstandeachother'spositionsand

recognizeoursharedvalues,sincewebothcareaboutneedyworkers.

41-42-F-43-44-C-45

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(1()points)

ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbeg

readscientificpapersfrombeginningtoendthatIrealizedjusthowbadmuchofthemedical

literaturefrequencywas,Icametorecognizevarioussinsofabadpaper:thekindof

paperthatpuiportstoshowthatpeoplewhoestmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweek

were1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefrompernicious

anaemia.46.Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,

whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatebothhealthscoresandshort­

liveddietaryenthusiasms.

Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNatural

SelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety'sopensciencewebsite,

attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemis

notmerelythanpeopledobadscience,butthanoutcurrentsystemofcareer

advancementpositivelyencouragesit.whatisimportantisnottruth,butinflationary

processatwork:(47)Nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohave

publishedtwicethenumberofpapersthanwouldhavebeenrequiredfbrthesamepost

only10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,thencountthenumber.(48)Attemptshave

beenmadetocurdthistendency,forexamplebytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureof

qualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant'spapers.Thisisthe

famedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelse

whereinthescientificliteraturetheassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbe

citedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(49)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenot

forthefactthatscientistcaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublicator

getassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.

BoilingdownanindividuaPsoutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberof

publicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingintime,energyand

ambiguity.Unfortunatethelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricsto

assessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(50)Ifwea】eseriousaboutensuring

thatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatour

institutionsencouragethatkingofscience.

SectionIII:Writing

PartA

Directions:

Supposeyouareworkingforthe“aidingRuralPrimarySchool^projectofyour

university.Writeanemailtoanswertheinquiryfromaninternationalstudent

volunteer,specifyingthedetailsoftheproject.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET

Donotuseyourownnameintheemail,use"LiMing^instead.

(10points)

PartB

Directions:

Writeanessayof160-270wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,you

should:

(1)describethepicturebriefly

(2)Interprettheimpliedmeaning,and

(3)Giveyourcomments

WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET

(20points)

途中

英语一参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA、B,

CorDontheANSWERSHEET(10points)

l.C2.C3.B4,D5.A

6.B7.D8.C9,A10.D

11.A12.B13.D14.C15.B

16.D17.A18.D19.B20,C

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorI).

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(40points)

Text1

21.A22.D23.B24.C25.B

Text2

26.D27.A28.A29.C30.B

Text3

31.C32.D33.B34.A35.C

Text4

36.C37.D38.D39.B40.D

PartB

Directions.

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45.youarerequired

to

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfilling

thenintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

41.E42.D43.G44.B45.A

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontlieANSWERSHEET.(10points)

46.【参考译文】在医学杂志上有很多这样的无稽之谈，如果广播公司和非专业媒体报道这

些无稽之谈，那么就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。

47.【参考译文】如今，任何想申请研究职位的人都必须已经发表了两倍的论文数量，这样

的数量要求只有十年前申请同一职位时才是如此。

48.【参考译文】例如，有人已经在评估申请人的论文时，尝试除了纳入关于数址的衡量标

准以外，还纳入有关质量的衡量标准，以此来多次试图遏制这种趋势。

49.【参考译文】如果科学家不能很轻易地在他们未来的出版物中引用他们自己的论文，或

者让合伙人为他们这样去做，以换取类似的好处，那么这种引用索引将会是合理的。

50.【参考译文】如果我们真的想确保我们的科学是有意义和可再生的，我们必须确保我们

的院校鼓励这种科学。

SectionIII:Writing

PartA

Directions:

SupposeyouHITworkingforthe“aidingRumiPrimarySchool"projectofyour

university.Writeanemailtoanswertheinquiryfromaninternationalstudent

voluiiteer,specifyingthedetailsoftheproject.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET

Donotuseyourownnameintheemail?use