译林牛津版高中英语选修9教案：U2重点词汇讲解

U2重点词汇讲解一、重点动词讲解1.appointvt.任命，委任；约定，指定（时间、地点）任命，委任appointsbtobe/as…任命某人……appointsbtodo任命某人做……Theyhaveappointedanewheadteacheratmyson’sschool.我儿子的学校已经任命了一位新校长。Shehasrecentlybeenappointedtothecommittee.她最近被选为委员会成员。Theyappointedhim(as)captainoftheEnglishteam.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。Alawyerwasappointedtorepresentthechild.委任了一个律师来代表这个孩子。(2)指定（时间地点，常常用被动）Adateforthemeetingisstilltobeappointed.会议的日期还没有定好。Everyonewasassembledattheappointedtime.每个人都聚集在指定的时间。【拓展】n.appointment约，预约，约会；指派，委任；职位，职务Shemadeanappointmentforhersontoseethedoctor.她和儿子约定了去看医生。Thedepartmentwishedhimsuccessinhisnewappointmentassalesmanager.部门希望他担任销售经理能够成功。2.mendvt.修理，修补；解决（争端）Hemendedshoesforaliving.他以修鞋为生。Couldyoumendmybikeforme?能帮我修一下车吗？Theytriedtomendtheirdifferences.他尽量修补他们的分歧。3.divorcevt.&vi.与……离婚；使分离They’regettingdivorced.他们打算要离婚。She’sdivorcingherhusband.他打算和她的丈夫离婚。Whenhewasdepressed,hefeltutterlydivorcedfromreality.他沮丧时便感到完全脱离了现实。【拓展】n.离婚；分离Themarriageendedindivorcein1996.1996年这场婚姻以离婚而告终。thedivorcebetweenreligionandscience科学与宗教的分离4.chargevt.控告，指控；指责chargesb.with(doing)sth.Hewaschargedwithstealing.他被指控偷盗。Thereportchargescarswithbeingresponsibleforhalfofthecentury’sairpollutionproblem.该报告称汽车是半个世纪以来污染问题的罪魁祸首。【拓展】vt.&vi.要价；收费charge(sb./sth.)forsth.为……向某人要价charge(sb.)sth.(forsth.)Mostclubschargefortheuseoftenniscourts.多数俱乐部对使用网球场都要收费。Therestaurantchargedus$40forthewine.饭店收了我们40块的酒水钱。n.控告；费用；掌管Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedengineer.这项工程在有经验的工程师的掌管下。(1)(sb.)(be)inchargeofsth.意思是“管理；负责”，含主动含义，sb.做主语。Thechairmandeclaredthatthemanagerwouldbeindirectchargeoftheproject.主席宣布经理直接负责这个项目。(2)(sth.)(be)in/underthechargeofsb.=(sth.)(be)in/underthechargeofsb.由……掌管，含被动的含义，sth.做主语Thechairmandeclaredthattheprojectwouldbeinthechargeofthemanager.主席宣布这个项目由经理负责。(3)takechargeof有时可代替beinchargeof,而takechargeof更侧重动作。Whendidyoutakechargeofthecompany?你什么时候开始掌管这家公司？Helefthissoninchargeofthecompany.他让儿子负责这家公司。Hispaintingswereclearlyinspiredbythefamousartist’swork.他的油画来自于著名的艺术家的作品。adj.inspiring给人灵感的inspired有创见的，有灵感的aninspiringteacher一位启发能力强的老师aninspiredperformance一场极精彩的演出aninspiredpoet一个富有灵感的诗人5.affairn.(尤指已婚男女的)风流韵事；公共事务；事件Theyhadapassionateaffairforsixmonths.他们有一段长达六个月的韵事。international/businessaffairs国际事务/生意方面的事情anexpertonforeignaffairs(=politicaleventsinothercountries)外事专家6.assistancen.帮助；援助；支持~(withsth)~(indoingsth/todosth)Despitehiscries,noonecametohisassistance.尽管他哭了，没有人来帮他。Sheofferedmepracticalassistancewithmyresearch.她对我的研究提供实际的帮助。Thecompanyprovidesadviceandassistanceinfindingwork.这家公司在找工作的时候提供了建议和帮助。【拓展】v.assist帮助,协助We’lldoallwecantoassistyou.我们会尽一切力量帮助你。Wewillassistyouinfindingsomewheretolive.我们会找到住的地方。Twomenareassistingthepolicewiththeirenquiries(=arebeingquestionedbythepolice).两个男的在协助警察询问Anyonewillingtoassistcancontactthisnumber.如果有人愿意帮忙的可以联系这个号码。Wearelookingforpeoplewhowouldbewillingtoassistinthegroup’swork.我们正在寻找愿意帮助这个团队工作的人。7.theftn.盗窃Nowadayscartheftisontheincrease.现在汽车盗窃越来越多。【拓展】thiefn.小偷，贼Athiefbrokeintothejewelleryshoplastnight.小偷昨晚闯入了珠宝店。Stopthief!抓贼！steal(stole,stolen)Hewascaughtstealinginthebus.他在公共汽车上行窃时被抓了。8.regulationn.(C)规则，规定，法规Everyoneonroadmustobeytrafficregulations.路上的每个行人都得遵守交通规则。n.(U)规定，统一制度，管制Thecompanytooksomemeasurestoperfecttheregulationofpublicspending.这家公司采取了一些措施来完善公共开支的管理。9.decorationn.(C)常用复数装饰物WeputsomedecorationsupintheclassroomatChristmas.圣诞时我们用一些装饰品把教室装扮起来。n.(U)装饰Thedecorationofyourhousewasreallyinexcellenttaste.你家装饰很有品位。【拓展】decoratevt.装饰，布置Themeetingroomwasdecoratedwithflowers.会议室布满了鲜花。三、重点形容词讲解1.flatadj.平的，平坦的；平淡的，单调的n.公寓，单元房Peopleusedtothinktheearthwasflat.过去人们认为地球是扁的。Hervoicewasflatandexpressionless.她的声音和单调乏味。They’rerentingafurnishedflatonthethirdfloor.他们在三楼租了一个精装修的公寓。2.clumsyadj.无技巧的；笨拙的Hisclumsyfingerscouldn’tuntietheknot.他的笨拙的手指不能解开那个结。Shemadeaclumsyattempttoapologize.她不想道歉。3.steadyadj.稳步的，持续的，匀速的fiveyearsofsteadyeconomicgrowth五年稳步经济增长Wearemakingslowbutsteadyprogress.我们正在取得慢而稳的进步。Thecastlereceivesasteadystreamofvisitors.那个城堡有稳定的游客。四、重点词组讲解1.onbehalfof代表（或代替）某人OnbehalfofthedepartmentIwouldliketothankyouall.我代表整个部门感谢你们所有人。Mr.Tomcannotbehere,sohiswifewillaccepttheprizeonhisbehalf.汤姆不能来，所以他的妻子代表他接受这个奖赏。2.intermsof在……方面，从……方面来说Hethoughtofeverythingintermsofmoney.他从钱的角度考虑一切。Intermsofcustomersatisfaction,thepolicycannotbecriticized.说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。Inpracticalterms从实际方面看Inthelong/middle/shortterm从长远/中期/短期来看词汇拓展训练一、单项选择。1.—Jack,whatdoyouthinkoftheeventwhichnotonlypromoted______ofworldhunger,butalsoraisedalotofmoneytohelpthosepoorchildren.—That’sgreat.A.loneliness B.contribution C.decide D.awareness2.Theforceof____________slowsthespacecraftdownasitre-enterstheearth’satmosphere.A.friction B.assessment C.appointment D.inspiration3.Hespokeina____________Midlandsaccent.A.autonomous B.flat C.steady D.clumsy4.Itis___________thattheQingTombsareinfluencedbytheMingTombs,especiallyarchitectureandthewaytheyareplacedamongthesurroundingmountainsandvalleys.A.apparent B.fragile C.clumsy D.imperial5.Sheofferedmepractical______________withmyresearch.A.assistance B.fragile C.assessment D.imperial6.Sheishavingan____________withherboss.A.incident B.accident C.affair D.event7.Theytriedto______________theirdifferences.A.repair B.mend C.appoint D.assist8.Shewasthefirstwoman______totheboard.A.tobeappointedB.havingbeenappointed C.appointing D.toappoint9.Whenhewasdepressed,hefeltutterly______fromreality.A.tobedivorcedB.havingbeendivorced C.divorcing D.todivorce10.______thecold,thinairandlowoxygenlevelsalsocancausemountainsickness.A.Onbehalfof B.Apartfrom C.Intermsof D.Exceptfor二、单词拼写（每空一词）。1.Alawyerwas____________torepresentthechild.2.Objectivea____________oftheseverityoftheproblemwasdifficult.3.Sheofferedmepracticala____________withmyresearch.4.Whenhewas21,hestartedhis____________(专业的)lifeasanactor.5.IhadaholidayinAmericafora____________(两周)lastyear.6.Bothpoetsdrewtheir____________(灵感)fromthecountryside.7.Sheisofficiallyr____________(as)disabled.8.Imusts____________thatthisdiseaseisveryrare.9.Hisc____________fingerscouldn’tuntietheknot.10.Asaresult,thegovernmenthasstrengthenedr__________________protectingthesehistoricsites.三、词组填空（选出合适的单词并用正确的形式填空）。A)intermsofinparticularinotherwordsunderconstructiontakeupbechargedwithonbehalfofaswellas1.MrKnightcannotbehere,sohiswifewillaccepttheprize__________________him.2.TheSuzhouNewRailwayStationisstill____________________.3.Thetombs,whichwerebuiltover247years,____________________78squarekilometres.4.—Whatdoyouwanttodrink?—Nothing____________________.Justaglassofwater.5.ChongqingandWuhanareamongthemostimportantcitiesinChina____________________theirsizeandpopulation.6.Theyoungman____________________breakingintothebank.B)seizecontrolofsentence…todeathapartfromberegisteredasundertheprotectionofappoint…to1.Itisreportedthattheanti-governmentorganization____________________theTVstation.2.He____________________theheadmasterforthenewschoollastyear.3.He____________________bytheSupremeCourtformurderinghiswife.4.Mostimportantofall,thesesiteshave______________________UNESCOWorldHeritagesites.5.Asisknowntoall,theMastersNetGarden,oneofSuzhou’famousgardens,isontheWorldHeritageListandisnow____________________thegovernment.6.____________________Shisanling,themostfamousMingTombisXiaoling,inNanjing.四、综合填空（每空一词）。1.—Father,I’vefinishedmyhomework.MayIplaygamesonyourcomputer?—Whateveryoudo.Don’t___________mewithlittleaffairs.2.—What’sthematterwithyourface?—Igot___________whenIwasonthebeachforaholiday.3.—Doyouknowwhat____________China?—TheGreatWall,Ithink.4.—Whatareyoudoinghere?Thetyphoonisontheway!—Iknow.I’mcheckingtoseeeverything’sOKhere,forthepublicisstilllookingforwardtonot___________theoutdoorconcertbythepopsinger.5.—Tomisabsenttodayagain?—Why?Toothacheagain?Whydidn’thegotoseethedentist?—He___________seeingthebadtempereddentist.6.—Comein.Justhavealookaround.—Wow!Anicehouse.Youliveso____________.7.—The____________inthetheatermadelotsofpeoplelosetheirlives.—Whataterriblesight!Someonemustberesponsibleforit.8.—Whatishedoingwithhistwofingerscrossed?—Oh,heismakinga___________tosay“Goodluck”tous.9.—HowcanIrecognizewhichoneismine?—Theone___________witharedcrossisyours.10.—I’mluckytosurvivetheinjury.—Yes,youare___________enoughtohavemetagooddoctor.五、短文填空（每空一词）。TheAcropolisisthegreatestsymbolofAthens,wheretheGreekcivilizationwas1.IntheAcropolis,therearethree2toAthena:theParthenon,theErechtheum,andtheTempleofNike.TheAcropolis,madeofmarble,hasbeendamagedpartlybynaturalforceslikeearthquakes,andpartlybyman.The3fromItalyandTurkeybroughtitmuch4.Thelastmajordestructionofthiskindoccurredwiththetheftofmanyofthebestsculpturesin1801.Moreover,somedamagehasbeencausedunintentionallybypeopleandsomehasbeencauseddeliberately.Thereisalsotheproblemofindustrialpollution.51835,theGreekgovernmenthasbeguntotrytorestoretheconstruction.6,somedamagehasbeencausedbecauseofthe7restoration.So,in1975,theGreekgovernmentsetupa8toundertaketherestorationoftheAcropolis.In1987,themonumentreceivedaWorldHeritagelistingfromUNESCO.Sincethen,muchprogresshasbeenmadeinreconst