2015年三峡大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题

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三峡大学

2015年研究生入学考试试题(B卷)

科目代码：211科目名称：翻译硕士英语

考试时间为3小时，卷面总分为100分

答案必须写在答题纸上

PartIPARTIGRAMMAR&VOCABULARY

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICE(10r)

Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefour

wordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatcorrectly

completesthesentence.Markyouransweronyouranswersheet.

1.Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalwayswithother

elements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.

A.beingcombinedB.havingcombinedC.tocombineD.combined

2.Physicsisthepresentdayequivalentofusedtobecallednaturalphilosophy,

frommostofpresentdaysciencearose.

A.which,whatB.that,whichC.what,whichD.what,that

3.Onnoaccounteverleavethebabyathomealone.

A.shouldyouB.youshouldC.shallyouD.youshall

4.thecenterofourplanetarysystemwasconsideredasheresybythechurchin

theMiddleAges.

A.ItisthesunandnottheearthB.Thatthesunandnottheearth

C.BeingthesunandnottheearthD.Thesunandnottheearth

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5.Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it,wasthathe

wasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

A.wasturnedoutB.wasbeingturnedoutC.beingturnedoutD.turnedout

6.rdratheryoubytrainbecausetheweatherforecastsaidtherewouldbeheavy

snowtomorrow.

A.wentB.shouldgoC.willgoD.go

7.EinsteinwontheNobelPrizein1921andenjoyedgreatfameinGermanyuntilthe

riseofNazismhewasexpelledfromGermanybecausehewasaJew.

A.whenB.whoC.thenD.which

8.Nowherebutintheremotestregionofthecountry___findaplacetosettledown.

A.canheB.hecanC.heD.forhimto

9.Withonelegbrokeninthatcaraccident,hecannotevenwalk,run.

A.letaloneB.thafstosayC.nottospeakD.nottomention

10.,sheledalifeofcompleteseclusion.

A.BeingdisgracedB.DisgracedC.DisgracingD.Shewasdisgraced

11.Sometimesabusgetsonthebustocheckthetickets.

A.agentB.officerC.conductorD.inspector

12.Hemadeaquickfromhisillness.

A.reliefB.recoveryC.survivalD.relaxation

13.thestressofexaminationsareover,wecanallrelax.

A.WhileB.EventhoughC.NowthatD.For

14.MycousinNancyisofteninapoisonousmood;Isupposeifsbecausesheis

child.

A.oneB.aloneC.asingleD.anonly

15.thefactorsalreadyreferredto,peoplesometimesfeelinsecurebecausetheir

motivesaremisunderstoodbyothers.

A.ButforB.ExceptforC.ApartfromD.Exceptthat

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16.IftheschemeiscarriedoutwithoutwasteoftimeorenergyIshallbe

completelysatisfied.

A.relativelyB.noticeablyC.appropriatelyD.efficiently

17.Onedayweallmayfinditusefultohavea(n)forsendingdocuments,

writinganypicturesacrossthetelephonelines.

A.receiverB.echoC.extensionD.facility

18.TotheircredittheDepartmentofEnergytheseideasandfundedadetailed

study.

A.tookoverB.tookonC.tookupD.tookto

19.Feelingthatshewasintheright,shetookatthedirtyremark.

A.protectionB.offenseC.defenseD.guard

20.Theyagreedtoshareincommonanyoffundsafterallexpenseswerepaidin

full.

A.sufficiencyB.surpassC.excessD.surplus

PARTISECTIONBPROOFREADING&CORRECTION(15,)

ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsa

maximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Youshould

proofreadthepassageandcorrectitinthefollowingway:

Forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrect

oneintheblankprovidedattheendoftheline.

Foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwitha

"A"signandwritethewordyoubelievetobe

missingintheblankprovidedattheendofthe

line.

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Foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwithaslash*7"andput

thewordintheblankprovidedattheendofthe

line.

Timespentinabookstorecanbeenjoyable,if21.—

youareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabooka

present.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshop

justtofindsheltersawayasuddenshower.22.—

Whateverthereasons,youcansoonbecometotally

unawareofyoursurroundings.Thedesiretopick

upabookwithanattractivedustjacketis

irresistible,eventhismethodofselectionought23.—

nottobefollowed,asyoumightendupwitha

ratherboredbook.Yousoonbecomeengrossedin24.—

somebookorother,andusuallyitisonlymuch

laterthatyourealizeyouhavespentfarmuch25.—

timethereandmustdashofftokeepsomeforgotten

appointment—withoutbuyingabook,ofcourse.

Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesof

everydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofa

bookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitis

impossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuch26.—

likeabookshop.Youcanwanderroundsuchplaces

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toyourheart'scontent.Ifitisagoodshop,no

assistantwillapproachtoyouwiththeinevitable27

greeting:"CanIhelpyou,Sir?"Youneedn'tbuy

anythingifyoudon'twant.Inabookshopan

assistantshouldremainthebackgrounduntilyou28._

havefinishedbrowsing.Then,onlythen,arehis

servicesnecessary.Ofcourse,youmaywantto

findoutwhereaparticularsectionis,sincewhenhe29.

hasledyouthere,theassistantshouldretire

discreetlyandlookasheisnotinterestedin3O._

sellingasinglebook.

PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMultipleChoice(30')

Inthissection,thereareseveralreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteen

multiplechoicequestions,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.

Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.Readthepassagesandthenmark

youranswersonyouranswersheet.

TextA

Sinceitsfoundationin1954,theUnitedNationshaswrittenintoitsmajor

covenants(契约)theneedtoestablishminimumagesformarriage.Butthecustomof

marriageisahighlysensitiveculturalissue,mainlybecauseitissounpleasantly

involvedwithwomen9srightsandsocietaltraditionsandpractices,andruleson

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marriagevarywidelybetweencountries.Somecountries,particularlyinWestAfrica,

stilldonothavealegalminimumageformarriage.

IntheWest,a13-year-oldisstillconsideredachild.Evengettingmarriedinone's

lateteensisnotusuallyencouragedbecausemarriedlifeislikelytointerferewitha

youngwoman?seducationandconsequentlyrestrictopportunitiesinlaterlife.And

therearealsophysicaldangersingivingbirthsoyoung.TheWorldHealth

Organizationhasoverthepasttenyearsidentifiedearlychildbirthasamajorcause

offemalemortalityinmanycountries.

UnderIslamicreligiouslaw,theageofconsentforsexandmarriageispuberty,

whichMuslimssayisinharmonywiththebiologicaltransitionfromchildhoodinto

adulthood.InMuslimcountriessuchasSaudiArabia,IranandPakistan,theageof

pubertyataround13or14isthelegalageformarriage,butinTurkeyitis15,andin

EgyptandTunisia,18thesameminimumageasinmanyWesterncountries.Itis

arguedthatbyallowingearliermarriages,Islamiclawispromotingstable

relationships,whileWesternlawsareencouragingpromiscuityamongyoungpeople.

Inmanycountries,thetrendsofurbanizationandeducationforgirlshaveseen

adropinthenumberofchildbrides.However,earlymarriagescontinuetooccurin

poorruralareas,wheresocietyworksverymuchonpersonalarrangementbetween

families,villagesandcommunities.Anditdoesn'tonlyhappenincountrieswhich

don'thavealegalminimumage.InIndia,forexample,thelegalageofmarriagefor

agirlis18andtoaboy,21.Yet,accordingtogovernmentstatistics,18percentoften

tofburteen-yearoldgirlsinthepoor,ruralstateofRajasthaninthenorthwestofthe

countryaremarried.Thereareobvioussocialandeconomicaladvantagesfordoing

this:bymarryingofftheirdaughtersearly,familiesnolongerhavetoprovidefor

them;andtheyoungerthebridethesmallerthedowry（嫁妆），orweddingprice,

demandedbythegroom'sfamily.

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31.Whatisthetopicofthispassage?

A.Childbrides.

B.Earlymarriages.

C.Minimumageformarriage.

D.Differentattitudestowardsearlymarriages.

32.Theword“promiscuity”(Line9,Para.3)means—.

A.unstablepartnership

B.firmpartnership

C.diverserelationship

D.singlerelationship

33.islikelytomarrylate.

A.Womenfromlesseducatedbackground

B.Womenfromruralareas

C.WomenfromIslamiccountries

D.Womenfromcities

34.ChildmarriagesareNOTrelatedtoaccordingtothepassage.

A.socialposition

B.ruralcustoms

C.personalarrangements

D.religion

35.Accordingtothepassage,gettingmarriedearlydoesallofthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A.reducingayoungwoman,seducation

B.limitingayoungwoman?schances

C.causinginfantdeath

D.doingharmtoayoungwoman?shealth

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TextB

Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillion

newcarsaremadeeachyear;fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,and

morethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou'llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthe

car-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition（营养不良）.

In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.It

foundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;the

causesoftheirplight（困境）werevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshould

beconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesout

oftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,

intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopleto

three,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrial

automation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthe

wholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymenta

chiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeople

unemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,it

roseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthe

mostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.SoIthink

thafswhyPresidentKennedysaidinhisinaugurationspeechin1961,ifthe

governmentdidnothelpthepoor,itcouldnotsavetherich.

In1966,theSocialSecurityAdministrationcalculatedthatafamilyoffourneededan

incomeof$3,355ayeartobeabovethelineofpoverty.Andin1977,theaverage

povertylineofthecountrywasslightlymorethan$6,200annualincomefora

non-farmfamilyoffour.AccordingtotheSocialSecurityAct,familiesofthatsize

belowpovertylineareeligibletoreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram.

Theaverageweeklypaymentofbenefitsnowisequivalentto36percentofthe

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Itisclear,then,thatchildmarriagesareconnectedwithpoverty,lackofeducation

andruralcustomssuchasdowries;theredon'ttendtobeanychildmarriagesin

urbanorrichareas.So,unlesstheserealcausesareaddressed,itwillbeextremely

hardtoenforcechange,evenwhenchangeisdictatedbyacountry'sgoverningbody.

worker9snormalwage.Andthenumberofpeoplewhoreceivegovernment

benefitsisincreasing.In1973,socialinsurancepaymentsbygovernments,mainlyto

oldagepensionersandpeoplewhohadlosttheirjobsorwereoffworkthrough

illness,amountedto$86,000million.Thosenotfullyqualifiedforinsurance

paymentsreceived$29,000millioninpublicaid.

Butproblemsstillexist.Manypeoplearenotreachedbytheanti-poverty

program,becauselocalauthoritiesandagenciesdonotwanttoplaytheirpartordo

notgavetheresourcestodoso.Somepoorpeoplewillnotaccepthelpforvarious

reasons.Ofcourse,therearesomemoreimportantfactorswhichlieinthestructure

ofthesociety,butIdon'tconsideritnecessarytodigintothemhere.Yetwewill

perhapsagreethatsocialwelfareprogramshavesolvedtosomeextenttheproblems

offeeding,clothingandhousingthosebelowthepovertyline.Onthewhole,it

perhapsmightbesaidthatAmericanpeoplearelivingabetterlifethanpeoplein

mostothercountries.

36.TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheelsbecause.

A.aboutone-fourthAmericansowntwocars

B.abitoveroneoutoffourhouseholdsaretheownersoftwocars

C.nearly8millionnewcarsdriveinthecountryeveryyear

D.80%Americanshaveatleastonecar

37.Accordingtoa1968survey,tenmillionAmericansfoundthemselvesina

difficulthealthsituationchieflydueto.

A.inadequatefeeding

B.malnutrition

C.unemployment

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D.automation

38.Theauthoruse“thedisplaced”(Line9,Para.2)torefertothosewhoare

A.unemployed

B.disabled

C.sick

D.poor

39.Theword“eligible”(Line6,Para.3)issynonymouswith“"

A.necessary

B.urgent

C.needed

D.worthy

40.Americansarelivingabetterlifethanthoseinmostofothercountriesbecause,

tosomedegree,.

A.manyAmericansreceivebenefitsfromthespecialwelfareprogram

B.somepoorpeoplecanreceivehelpforsomereasonorother

C.thereistheanti-povertyprogramintheU.S.

D.socialwelfareprogramshavesomemeasuresettledtheproblemsofthose

belowthepovertyline.

TextC

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommended

guidelinesonFridayfordoctorsconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.The

panelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentially

usefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear'sepidemic.

Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,“saidDr.Simon

Mardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.Hesaid

thousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearchers

第n页

trytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.t4We

recognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolan

epidemicinsomanyways."Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthe

virusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,were

deliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingsandcountriesto

patientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions一generally

withoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations-havemadeithardto

interpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanical

respirators（呼吸器）tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay（主要支持）ofSARS

care,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.Butdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbestto

treatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodis

invasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungs

throughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.

Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatment

workedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm."Thereisalackofsharedinformation,“

Dr.Mardelsaid,notingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquick

andsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.Theworld

HealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.

Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsetting

SARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatments

theywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividual

nations.

41.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor.

A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

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C.determiningtreatmentforSARS

D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

42.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertain

treatmentsforSARSbecause.

A.patientswereindifferentcountries

B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

43.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohave

breathingdifficultiesboth.

A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don'truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm

44.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

45.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthPanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

TextD

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'

sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,the

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sleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhow

easilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhich

peoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionof

growingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworking

ofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa

reversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingat

night.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedevery

week;apersonmayworkfrom12:00midnightto8:00a.m.oneweek,8:00a.m.to

4:00p.m.thenext,and4:00p.m.to12:00midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeans

thatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothat

muchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberof

permanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthof

night-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceof

disturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,

butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnight

work.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhile

somethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkby

selectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.One

wayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.

Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthe

hoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightwork,the

patternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwith

whichitdoessoparallels,

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broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsof

performance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohours

throughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapt

toareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,

suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

46.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin.

A.thedisturbanceofthedailycycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoo

frequently

B.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionof

automation

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

47.Thebestsolutiontoimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseems_.

A.toemploypeoplewhoworkonnightshiftsonly

B.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

C.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

D.tohavelongershifts

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theemploymentofpermanentnightshiftworkersseemstobethebestsolution

toproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptsto

thechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccursmorefrequentlyamongshiftworkers.

第15页

49.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutineby

measuringhisbodytemperaturebecause.

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged.

D.peoplehavehighertemperaturewhentheyareworkingefficiently.

50.Thephraseacoincidewith”(Line3,Para.l)couldbestbereplacedby.

A.takeplace

B.agreewith

C.accordto

D.takeup

SECTIONBQuestionsandAnswers(15f)

Inthissection,thereisareadingpassagefollowedbyfivequestions.Readthe

passage,answerthequestionsandthenwriteyouranswersonyouranswersheet.

TextE

AddisonHeardusesanimageofhiswifeandinfantsonforthebackgroundonhis

laptop.AnMBAstudentattheUniversityofVirginia'sDardenSchoolofBusiness,

Heardthinksabouthisfamilyconstantly.Butbecausehe'sawayatB-school,hehas

experiencedmuchofhisson'sfirstyearviaphonecallsanddigitalphotos.Says

Heard,"Ithasbeenparticularlyhard,notbeingtherewiththemeveryday."

Thiswashisfamily'schoice.Itdidn'tmakefinancialsenseforhiswife,Eden,a

corporatelawyerinWashington,toquitherjob,selltheircondo(公寓)，andmoveto

Charlottervillewithherhusband.Sohewentalone.InhisfirstYeareachspouse

madethe200-mileround-tripcommuteonalternateweekends.Sincetheirsonwas

bomlastMay,Addisonhasbeendoingmostofthedriving。

第16页

AscomplicatedastheHeard'ssituationseems,itisn'tallthatrare.Inany

year,hundredsofcouplesdealwithhowtohandlethefamilylogistics（后勤工作）of

goingtoB-school.Somechoosealong-distancerelationship,commutingbackand

forthonweekendsandbreaks.Othersseepartnersandchildrenonlyonvacationsand

holidays.Stillotherspackupthefamilyandbringthemalongo

Beingapart