专题一　第2讲　非谓语动词-2025英语大一轮复习讲义人教版

第2讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是高考的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要有动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。(2023·新课标Ⅰ改编)Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings)，thoseamazing①constructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasing①hot，tastysoupandsweet，freshmeat，arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaming①anddangerouslyhot.Toeat②one，youhavetodecidewhethertobite②asmallholeinitfirst，releasing①thesteamandrisking①aspill(溢出)，ortoput②thewholedumplinginyourmouth，letting①thehotsoupexplode②onyourtongue(舌头)．Shanghaimaybetherecognized③homeofthesoupdumplings，butfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboring①ancientcanaltownofNanxiangasxiaolongbao’sbirthplace.There，you’llfindthemprepared③differently—moredumplingandlesssoup，andthewrappersarepressedbyhandratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside，thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin，allowing①themtobelifted②outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearing①orspilling①anyoftheircontents.Themeatshouldbefreshwithatouchofsweetness，andthesurrounding①souphot，clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem，onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough，yettwoseemsgreedy，andsoIamalwaysleftwanting①morenexttime.[规则感悟]上文中加黑部分都是非谓语动词，①为动词-ing形式，其中amazing，encasing，neighboring和surrounding作定语；steaming，releasing，risking，letting和allowing作状语；tearing和spilling作宾语；wanting作补语。②为动词不定式，其中explode是省略to的不定式，作宾语补足语；tobelifted为不定式的被动形式，作宾语补足语；Toeat作状语；tobite和toput作宾语。③为动词的过去分词，其中recognized作定语；prepared作宾语补足语。种类形式主动被动主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式一般式todotobedone√√√√√√进行式tobedoing×完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分词现在分词一般式doingbeingdone××√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词一般式done(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被动与完成××√√√√Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.听别人对你刚读过的这本书的反应会带来额外的乐趣。It’stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。Askedwhathadhappened，heloweredhishead.问他发生了什么事的时候，他低下了头。Tomtookataxitotheairport，onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。Havingbeenignoredforalongtime，theboysittingatthebackfeltboredandwentout.因长时间被忽视，坐在后面的那个男孩感到枯燥就出去了。TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthefirstcomputer.人们一致认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。对点练习1．Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaimtohave(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021·全国乙)2．Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarried(carry)outthenextyear.3．Nothavingcompleted(complete)theprogramme，theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.4．Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspapertohavebeenrobbed(rob)inbroaddaylightyesterday.5．Thisproblemisfarfrombeingsettled(settle)，soithastobediscussedagainattomorrow’smeeting.1．非谓语动词作主语(1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。Whendrinkingtea，playingchess，readingorwriting，tolightanincensestickcanhelpcalmthenervesandconcentratethemind.在喝茶、下棋、读书或写作时，点一根香可以帮助镇静神经、集中精力。Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.(2022·全国甲)很难说出一位没有在这里登台演出的喜剧明星的名字。注意在“Itis/was＋adj.＋for/ofsbtodosth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。Itisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuch.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。Itwasimportantforustolivealow-carbonlife.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。(2)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火会很危险。注意下面句型中常用动名词作主语：Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsthItisnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。Itisnogoodcomingbeforethat.在那之前来没有用。2．非谓语动词作表语(1)不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的梦想是考入北京大学。Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.我的工作是每天打扫房间。(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。(3)现在分词、过去分词也可以作表语，现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。It’swellknownthatatigerlooksveryfrightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。Weweremovedatthenewsthathehaddiedforthemotherland.听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。3．非谓语动词作宾语(1)不定式作宾语①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，helpMyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。②动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。③在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。(2)动名词作宾语①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/putoff，fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid，miss，goon/keepon，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid，imagine，risk，can’thelp，mind，allow/permit，escapeHetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。Mymothercouldn’thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。In1993，Chinaused1.2billiontonsofcoalforheatingandgeneratingelectricity.1993年，中国烧掉了12亿吨煤用于供热和发电。Aftereatinginherrestaurantpeoplewouldbecometiredveryquickly.人们在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。Theyhadnochoicebuttowaithere.他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。③由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/getusedto(习惯于)，feellike(想要)，insiston(坚持)，getdownto(开始)，devote...to...(致力于……)，objectto(反对)，stickto(坚持)，giveup(放弃)等。Withmanyreferencematerialsinhand，hegotdowntowritinghisgraduationthesis.手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。(3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth打算做某事,meandoingsth意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth忘记要去做某事未做,forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事已做过或已发生))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth对要做的事感到遗憾未做,regretdoingsth对做过的事后悔已做))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth努力去做某事,trydoingsth尝试做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth继续做另一件事,goondoingsth继续做原来做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth记住去做某事未做,rememberdoingsth记得做过某事已做))Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday，butIforgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。4．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。Mybikeneedstoberepaired.＝Mybikeneedsrepairing.我的自行车需要修理。对点练习1．Itispossibletowalk(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.(2021·全国甲)2．Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducated(educate)abouttheareas.(2021·全国乙)3．Itiswidelybelievedthatforming(form)agoodhabitwillbenefitusallourlives.4．WhenPeterspeaksinpublic，healwayshastroublethinking(think)oftherightthingstosay.5．Wepacedaroundtoavoidgetting(get)frostbite(冻伤)asthetemperaturestayedcloseto－30℃andourdrillbatteriesbecametoocoldtowork.6．Theexpertsallagreethatthepresenteconomicsituationisencouraging(encourage)．1．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式tobedone作定语表示将来、被动的动作。Youaresupposedtotakethisopportunitytorealizeyourdream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。Hehadnopentowritewithsohehadtoborrowonefromhisneighbour.他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，thelast，theonly等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。2．分词作定语(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。Theparkwasfullofpeopleenjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。fallingleaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(表完成)3．动名词作定语动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。awalkingstick拐杖areadingroom阅览室asleepingcar卧铺车对点练习1．Thematterbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowissoimportantthatitwillattracteveryone’sattention.2．Havingalargefamilytosupport(support)，hetookuptwopart-timejobsinhissparetime.3．EarthDay，marked(mark)on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.4．Actually，itisquitenormalforanaveragepersonliving(live)inacitytoseethousandsofadseverysingleday.1．不定式作状语(1)作目的状语不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加inorder或soas，但soasto不能用于句首。Topassthecollegeentranceexam，wemustworkhard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。Thebusstoppedinorderto/soastopickuppassengers.公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。(2)作结果状语不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：onlyto(不料……)、enoughto(足够……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。Tomhurriedbackonlytofindthathismotherhadleft.汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。Heiscleverenoughtoworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。I’mtootiredtostayupanylonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。(3)作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todo”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。注意还有一类形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.这本书很难理解。2．分词作状语分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。(1)作时间状语相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。TranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.＝WhenthesentencewastranslatedintoEnglish，itwasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。①Notunderstandingthisproblem，heaskedtheteacheraboutit.＝Becausehedidn’tunderstandthisproblem，heaskedtheteacheraboutit.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。②Defeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.＝Becausehewasdefeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。Givenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.＝IfI’mgivenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkouttheproblem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。OneeveningHarryphonedme，askingmetocometohisflatassoonaspossible.＝OneeveningHarryphonedme，andheaskedmetocometohisflatassoonaspossible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。(6)作让步状语相当于though，although，evenif等引导的让步状语从句。Warnedofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.＝Thoughhewaswarnedofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。注意某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。Absorbedinhisbook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。Dressedinred，shelooksmorebeautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。3．独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：独立成分含义generallyspeaking一般来说frankly/honestlyspeaking坦白地/老实说judgingfrom/by...根据……来判断considering.../oconsideration/account考虑到……totellyouthetruth说实话seeing...考虑到……given...考虑到……comparedto/with...与……相比Generallyspeaking，theruleisveryeasytounderstand.一般来说，这条规则很容易懂。Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromHongKong.从口音判断，他是香港人。Totellyouthetruth，Iamalittletired.说实话，我有点累。4．独立主格结构(1)构成：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式(2)特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系；③它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。Muchworktodotonight(＝Astherewillbemuchworktodotonight)，wecan’tgotoseethefilm.今晚有很多活要干，我们不能去看电影。Weatherpermitting(＝Ifweatherpermits)，theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们明天将去海滩郊游。Hewaslyingonthegrass，hishandscrossedunderhishead(＝andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead)．他头枕着交叉的双手躺在草地上。对点练习1．Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，making(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.2．Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)toteach(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.(2023·全国甲)3．Timepermitting(permit)，youcanpayavisittosomeplacesofinterestinHangzhou.4．Completed(complete)in1931，theEmpireStateBuilding，thehighestskyscraperuntil1954，inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.5．Ilovetogosightseeingworldwide，alwaysabsorbed(absorb)inthecultureofeverycountryIvisit.1．后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋todo”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allow允许ask询问；要求beg恳求cause导致encourage鼓励permit准许forbid禁止force强迫intend打算invite邀请order命令；要求persuade说服prefer更喜欢require需要；要求teach教remind提醒tell告诉want想要warn警告wish希望；想要waitfor等待callon号召；要求dependon依靠urge催促；力劝Shepatientlyexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则并要求每个人都遵守这些规则。Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。HedependsonyoutohelphimwithhisEnglish.他指望你帮助他学英语。(2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sbbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendonesthHeissaidtohavebeencheatedinthestreet.据说，他在大街上被骗了。Theaccidentisreportedtohavekilledtwopeople.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：see＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth,看见……正做……,dosth,看见……做了……))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone看见……,正在被做,done看见……被做))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))Isawsomeboysalldressedinuniformsleavethelabfollowingateacherafewminutesago.几分钟前，我看见一些穿校服的男生跟着一个老师离开了实验室。AsIgotcloser，Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.从非洲医疗服务两年回来后，李医生十分高兴地看到家里的母亲得到了很好的照顾。[注意]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。Aclerkwiththreestrangerswasobservedtoenterthebankhurriedly，aheavyboxcarriedinherarms.有人看见一个职员抱着一个沉重的箱子和三个陌生人一起匆忙走进银行。(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：①make＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))Theteachermadesomestudentsstayintheclassroomafterschool.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。Thehallwassonoisythattheteachertriedtospeakloudertomakehimselfheard.大厅里如此吵闹以至于老师尽力大声说话以便别人能听到。②let＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),bedone让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))Don’tletyourchildplaywithmatchesincaseabigfirebreaksout.别让你的孩子玩火柴，以防发生火灾。Letthehomeworkbedoneimmediately；otherwiseit’stimeforyoutohanditin.请立刻完成作业，不然就该交了。③have＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth让……做某事,doingsth\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(使……持续,做某事))))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\a\vs4\al\co1(done使……被做)⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))Hehadthelightburningallnight，whichmadehisparentsveryangry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。MycarbrokedownonmywaytoworkandIwillhaveitrepairedtomorrow.我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。注意(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。Hewasmadetoworkdayandnight，sohewasverytiredofthejob.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。(2)havesbdoingsth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat，whichissorude.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话，太不礼貌了。④get＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth使……做,doingsth使……开始做))\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done使……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))It’snothardtogethimtalking—theproblemisstoppinghim.让他开始说话不难，难的是让他住口。MybikebrokedownonthewaybackandIamgoingtogetitrepairedtomorrow.我的自行车在回来的路上坏了，我打算明天去修。3．动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况(1)leaveeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth,让某人/物一直,处于某种状态)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的主动关系，,表示动作正在进行)),\a\vs4\al\co1(sthundone,留下某事未做)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的被动关系，,表示被动和完成，,宾补一般多为undone，,unfinished，unsettled，,untouched，etc.)),\b\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbtodosth让某人去做某事,sthtobedone留下某事要做))⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(动词不定,式表示将,来的动作))))(2)keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth让某人/物一直做某事,\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdone使某人/物被……)⇒\x(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)))(3)findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbdoing发现某人正在做……,sb/sthdone\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/物,已经……)),sb/sthtobe...\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/,物……))))⇒eq\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(表示完成或状态))(4)catchsbdoingsth撞见某人正在做某事Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficrunningsmoothly.他们使用电脑以使交通畅通无阻。Thehallwasfoundthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。Icaughthimsmokinginthebathroom.我撞见他在浴室里抽烟。4．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态Withhishaircut，helookedmuchyounger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。对点练习1．Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmoking(smoke)inthekitchen.2．Theshopownerwillgetallthesegoodsordereddelivered(deliver)tothecustomerstoday.3．Theyarerequiredtoprocess(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.1．Knowing(know)thatyouarecomingtovisitoneofyourChinesefriends，I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomecustomsyoushouldpayattentionto.2．Beingoffered(offer)theopportunitytospeakatthegraduationceremonymademeoverjoyed.3．Hewasreportedtohavereceived(receive)80,000yuanforofferingafour-Chinese-characteransweronapay-for-knowledgeplatform.4．Havingbeenshown(show)aroundtheclassrooms，weweretakentoseethelibrary.5．Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake，making(make)usawakeallnight.层级一基础达标练单句语法填空1．Moststudentsobjecttobeingcharged(charge)forparkingoncampus.2．Thenewtechnology，ifapplied(apply)toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.3．Forthosepeopledesiring(desire)someperfectshotsandthosewhodon’twanttowaittoolong，gettingupearliercanbeveryrewarding.4．Iftheywinthefinaltonight，theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecitytobecheered(cheer)bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.5．Havingsuffered(suffer)fromhearttroubleforyears，ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.6．Itissaidtobeaplacethatmakesyouforgetyourageandfatigueandfeelsoabsorbed(absorb)thatyouwon’tleaveonceyou’rethere.7．Thepowerfulandnaturalspringsassociated(associate)withYellowstone’sidentityandpicturelandscapebroughtYellowstoneitsfame.8．Aftertakingthelesson，Inowunderstandthedifficultyofcalligraphyandthatitwilltakeeffortsandcommitmenttomaster(master)thisartform.9．Inrecentyears，biangbiangnoodlesanditsassociatedcustomhavebecomemorewidelyknownacrossChina，driven(drive)inpartbysocialmediainterestinthemade-up“biang”character.10．Gettingupearlyinthemorning，putting(put)onwarmclothesandwaitinginalonglineoutsideastoretobuynewly-madeyuanxiaoisaceremonyformeandensuresIwillhaveanothersweetyear.层级二高考真题练单句语法填空1．“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins，borrowing(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle，however，isaseriousmessageintended(intend)foreveryone.(2023·全国甲)2．FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout，withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuilt(build)systemofringroads.(2023·全国乙)3．Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years，Iamamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer，Ihavespentthelasttwoyearsrecording(record)everythingIdiscovered.(2023·全国乙)4．ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplanstocontinue(continue)thepractice.(2022·浙江1月)5．Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an，asafirststeptojourney(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.(2022·全国甲)6．InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld(hold)inBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.(2022·全国甲)7．Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20，planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2022·全国甲)8.Tostrengthen(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople，theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia，inviting(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.(2022·全国乙)9.Covering(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)10．Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony，andclimbeduptosee(see)them.(2022·新课标Ⅱ)层级三语篇提能练语法填空1．(go)toMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”．Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumans2.(be)．Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwillundoubtedlyhelpyouget3.(refresh)!The4.(amaze)thingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperature5.(get)，thehotterthespring!Strange，isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus6.(astonish)．Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelp7.(wonder)howharditwasforthepeoplethen8.(put)allthoserocksintoplace.Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain，stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour9.(ache)legs.Asthesonggoes，thislongandwindingroad“wil