如何配置SAP客户信用控制

CREDITMANAGEMENTPROCESSCreditmanagementUsingCreditManagement,onecanminimizethecreditriskbydefiningacreditlimitforcustomers.Thisisespeciallyimportantifoneisdoingbusinesswithcustomersinfinanciallyunstablesectorsorcountries,ortradewithcountriesthatarepoliticallyunstableorthatadoptarestrictiveexchangeratepolicy.ActivitiesinSAPrelatedtocreditmanagementDefinesautomaticcreditlimitchecksaccordingtoarangeofcriteriaandinlinewithyourcompany’srequirements.Itcanbealsodefinedatwhatpointthesystemcarriesoutthesechecks(order,delivery,goodsissue,andsoon).Thecreditrepresentativeisautomaticallyalertedtoacustomer’scriticalcreditsituationassoonasorderprocessingstarts.Therelevantemployeescanbeautomaticallynotifiedofcriticalcreditsituationsviainternalmail.Company’screditrepresentativesareabletocheckacustomer’screditsituationquicklyandreliably,and,inlinewiththeappropriatecreditpolicy,todecidewhetherthecustomershouldbegrantedcredit.STEPSFORCREDITMANAGEMENTCONFIGURATIONPROCESSSTEP1-DEFINECREDITCONTROLAREAMenuPath–IMG–EnterpriseStructure-Definition-FinancialAccounting-DefineCreditControlArea.T.CODE-SPROYoucancreateyourcreditcontrolareaasgivenbelow.Herewehavecreatedcreditcontrolarea0007.Thecreditupdatecontrolswhenthevaluesofopensalesorders,deliveries,andbillingdocumentareupdated.Updategroup000012：SalesorderIncreaseopenordervaluefromdelivery-relevantschedulelines(增加未清订单价值).Delivery:(减少未清订单价值而增加未清交货价值)ReduceopenordervaluefromdeliveryrelevantschedulelinesIncreaseopendeliveryvalueBillingdocument:(减少未清交货价值，增加未清发票价值)ReduceopendeliveryvalueIncreaseopenbillingdocumentvalueFinancialdocument:(减少未清出具发票单据价值，增加未清项目)ReduceopenbillingdocumentvalueIncreaseopenitems更新组000015（对销售订单不做控制）交货单：增加未清交货价值，增加未清出具发票价值财务会计单据：减少未清出具发票价值，增加未清项目更新组000018（对交货单不做控制）销售订单：增加未清交货价值出具发票单据：减少为清交货价值，增加未清出具发票价值财务会计单据：减少未清出具发票价值，增加未清项目注意：Theopenordervalueisonlyupdatedforscheduleslinesrelevanttodelivery.Ifadocumentcannotbeprocessedwiththeupdategroupyouspecify,thesystemdeterminesthenextpossibleupdateitcancarryout.Forexample,youspecifyupdategroup000012,which,atdelivery,reduceopenordervalueandincreaseopendeliveryvalue.Assumethatoneiteminorderisnotrelevanttodelivery.Inthiscase,systemautomaticallydeterminesupdategroup000018forthisitem.Updategroup000018increasestheopendeliveryvaluefortheorderitem.STEP2-ASSIGNCREDITCONTROLAREATOCOMPANYCODE.MenuPath–IMG–EnterpriseStructure-Assignment-FinancialAccounting-Assigncompanycodetocreditcontrolarea-T.CODE-SPROHereweareassigningcreditcontrolarea0007tocompanycodePILSTEP3–ASSIGNCREDITCONTROLAREATOSALESAREAMENUPATH-IMG-EnterpriseStructure-Assignment-SalesandDistribution-Assignsalesareatocreditcontrolarea.T.CODE-SPROHereweareassigningcreditcontrolarea0007tosalesarea.STEP4–DEFINERISKCATEGORYMENUPATH-IMG-FinancialAccounting(New)-AccountsReceivableandAccountsPayable-CreditManagement-CreditControlAccount-DefineRiskCategoriesT.CODE-SPROHerewearedefiningRiskCategory.007-HighRisk008-MediumRisk009-LowRiskSTEP5–DEFINECREDITGROUPMENUPATH-IMG-SalesandDistribution-BasicFunctions-CreditManagement/RiskManagement-CreditManagement-DefineCreditGroupsT.CODE-SPROHerewearedefiningCreditGroup.STEP6A–ACTIVATECREDITCHECKINSALESDOCUMENTHEADER.MENUPATH-IMG-SalesandDistribution-Sales-SalesDocuments-SalesDocumentHeader-DefineSalesDocumentTypesT.CODE–VOV8HerewearemaintainingCheckCreditlimit&CreditGroupfield.定义订单是否使用信用额度控制，使用何种信用控制方式：A~C简单信用控制，给出警告、错误信息或发货冻结D．自动信用控制STEP6B–ACTIVATECREDITCHECKINITEMCATEGORYMENUPATH-IMG-SalesandDistribution-Sales-SalesDocuments-SalesDocumentItem-DefineItemCategoriesT.CODE-SPROHereweareactivatingcreditactivefield.STEP7A–AssignmentofcreditmanagementtoSalesdocuments(TcodeOVAK)Herewedefinetoeachdocumenttypewhethercreditcheckisrequired,ifrequiredwhetheritissimpleorautomatic,whichcreditgroupthedocumentbelongsto.STEP7B–Assignmentofcreditmanagementtodeliverydocuments(TcodeOVAD)Dlvcreditgroup:（交货信贷组）是指创建交货订单时的信贷控制GIcreditgroup:发货过账时的信贷控制STEP8–MAINTENANCEOFAUTOMATICCREDITCONTROLT.CODE-OVA8Thisscreencontrolsalltheautomaticcreditmanagementsettings.Herewedefineautomaticcreditmanagementforcombinationsof:Creditcontrolarea+RiskCategory+CreditgroupThisscreenbasicallytellsthesystemhowtobehaveindifferentdocumentsfordifferenttypesofcustomers.Ex:Thecreditsettingsforahighriskcustomerinsalesordermaybedifferenttoalowriskcustomerinsalesorder.DetailScreenforDynamicCreditControlScreen…..静态：打勾就是要进行静态的信用检查，静态信贷检查将分配给客户的信贷限额与下列各项之和进行比较：所有未清销售订单的总价值+所有未清且没有开票的交货单的总价值+所有未清且没有传递到会计处的出具发票单据的总价值+所有已经传递到会计处的但客户尚未付款的出具发票单据的总价值。响应状态：冻结：打上勾后超过信用额就冻结销售定单（不能创建交货单）动态信贷检查将分配给客户的信贷限额与下列各项之和进行比较：所有未清且未交货的销售订单的总价值+所有未清且没有开票的交货单的总价值+所有未清且没有传递到会计处的出具发票单据的总价值+所有已经传递到会计处的但客户尚未付款的出具发票单据的总价值。备注：动态信贷检查有一个附加的时间周期，即如图的展望期，其规定系统不包括在这个特定时间段之后创建的所有未清项目。E.g.1month。这样，当系统定义某个客户的信用额度时，它包括了销售订单中所有未清的项目，但不包括发运日期在两个月之后的未清项目。当对信用额度采用动态信用额度检查时，这里的信用有效期数据填入日期，可以产生作用。系统默认是设置的当前日期Inthisdetailedviewscreenofautomaticcreditcontrolwecandefinemanysettings.Wecanassigndifferenttypesofcheckstobeperformed,assigndifferentreactions,thehorizonperiodtobeconsidered,Maxdocvalueetc.静态和动态结合使用单据值：当单据值超过最大凭证值时的信贷检查。当单据值超过信贷控制区域中规定的最大单据价值时执行。如果希望冻结数目太大的订单，就可以在此设置最大凭证值，然后再冻结处打“勾”就ok了。（根据响应状态的设置，冻结此单或不允许保存）（主要作用在一些为创建信贷主数据的客户）。关键字段：如果用户在销售订单中更改了客户主记录中与信贷有关的关键字段时，系统进行信贷检查。如，客户的付款条件等等。（系统提示关键字段更改）下一校验日期：制定系统在下一个特定的日期进行信贷检查。之前的销售单据与之无关。NextReviewdate:每次创建定单,系统都会自行检查信用额,而如果选择此项,则系统就会跳到固定的检查周期(Numberofdays)才进行检查.比如当天开始,Numberofdays天后进行一次检查,检查完之后,又从检查完哪天开始,Numberofdays天后又进行一次检查,循环进行.未清项目：即基于已过期的未清项目的信贷检查。基于过期很多天的未清项目占所有未清项目的比例的信贷检查。逾期项目指超过指定天数，其所占比例不能超过一个特定的百分比。最早的未清项目：规定最早的未清项目不能超过指定的天数最高拖欠（催债）级：在相关字段中规定允许的最高拖欠级别，该拖欠级是可追踪的，存储在客户主记录和信贷相关的数据内，系统的信贷检查监控客户是否超过了该最高拖欠级。（客户主数据，公司代码数据，信函，催款层次，研究财务的这个功能）。用户1/2/3：这些信贷检查是自定义的，可以在用户出口LVKMPTZZ和LVKMPFZ1中创建。Payer:Indicatesthatcreditchecksagainstopenitems,oldestopenitem,andthehighestdunninglevelarecarriedoutusingtheopenitemsandthedunninglevelofonlythecurrentpayer(andnotwithdatafromallpayerswhoareassignedtothecreditcustomer).（是否能够多个客户合用一个限额）Permitteddays/hours:Creditlimitseasonalfactor:因为旺季而增加客户的信贷限额容查。Releaseddocumentsarestillunchecked:Yousetthedeviationfactorat10%.Anorderfor10boxesofamaterial(price=100USDperbox)hasatotalvalueof1,000USDandisapprovedforcredit.Thecustomerthencallsandwantstoaddadditionalboxestotheorder.Ifthiscausesthedeviationfactortoexceed10%,thesystemcarriesoutanothercreditcheck.STEP10-STEP9–CREATECUSTOMERCREDITMASTER.T.CODE-FD32ToCreateCustomerCreditmasterfillcustomer&creditcontrolareaandclicktooverviewfield.OnceyouenteryouwillgetDetailScreen….Inthisscreen