外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit5 Part1 Starting out Understanding ideas练习含答案

Unit5RevealingnaturePart1Startingout&Understandingideas基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.LiLeithinksitisa(耻辱)forhimtolietohisparents.

2.Thegirlenteredthelibrary,tookoutseveral(样本)andplacedthemonthedesk.

3.Ithasbeenprovedthatour(祖先)havelivedinthisareaformanygenerations.

4.(2023新课标Ⅱ)Weretryingto(创造)alanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.

Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Youcanalsovisitthecitymuseum,whichiswithinwalking(distant)ofthehotelwhereyoustay.

2.Havingdeniedalltheaccusationswith(convince)evidence,theDutchtechnicianwasdeclaredinnocentandsetfree.

3.(2024四川内江月考)Iamgratefultohavereadthisremarkablework,andIamexcitedtocontinueexploringtheworldofbiologyand(evolve).

4.Thechildrenwatched,(fascinate),asthepicturebegantoappear.

5.Suspectingthetravelercarryingdrugs,thecustomsofficerwentthroughhissuitcase.

6.Thematterquestionisofgreatimportancetotheinnovationanddevelopmentofourcompany.

7.Healthcare(regard)asanimportantwaytoimprovethehealthofpeople.

8.Itissaidthattheyoungman(answer)thecallisfromarichfamily.

Ⅲ.选词填空whatsmore;adaptto;leadto;becrowdedwith;cometoexistWhenyouare1.anewenvironment,itscommontofeelthatyourlife2.manydifficultproblems.Dontworry—thingsneedtobesolvedonebyone.Justconsiderhowtheseproblems3..Youmayfindthatwhat4.theseproblemsmightbethesamething.5.,youneedtojudgewhichproblemsarethemosturgentandthendealwiththem.

Ⅳ.完成句子1.当我上小学的时候,我有机会参加在我们学校举办的音乐比赛。WhenIwasinmyprimaryschool,Ihadanopportunityamusicalcontest.

2.(2023新课标Ⅰ)是你让我爱上了写作,我的社会科学老师。makemefallinlovewithwriting,mysocialstudiesteacher.

3.当我领奖时,我的脸上洋溢着喜悦,我的微笑充满了自豪。(as引导时间状语从句)Myfacelitupwithjoy,mysmilefilledwithpride.(读后续写—神态描写)

4.Hedidntrealizethevalueofahealthybodyuntilhegotsickseriously.(句式升级:对not...until...的强调)→

能力提升练Ⅰ.课文语法填空Asayoungman,CharlesDarwinwasregardedtobe1disgracetohisfamily.However,hisadventuresontheship,theBeagle,wouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientific2(discovery)ofalltime.

Thejourneyontheshipofferedhimagoodopportunity3(study)thelivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironment.Hewassofascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals4hegothisroomontheshipcrowdedwithsamples.Atthattime,itwasbelievedthatallspecies5(appear)onEarthatthesametimeandhadntchangedsince.Throughhiscarefulobservation,hebegantothink6(different).HenoticedthatthebeaksofthefincheshadsomedifferencesoneachoftheGalpagosIslandsaccordingtowhattheyate.Sohethoughttheymusthaveevolvedfromacommonancestor,andthattheyhadevolvedtoadapt7theenvironment.

Darwinbasedhisnewideasonhisobservationandgeneratedhistheoryof8(evolve).Thebook,OntheOriginofSpecies,explainedhistheory,9(cause)aheatedstormofdebate.Today,itisstillregardedasoneofthemostimportantworksever10(write).

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

Ⅱ.语法填空Scientistswhostudytheevolutionoflanguagesaywildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)haveamorecomplexcommunicationsystemthanpastresearchhasshown.Theresearcherssaytheanimalusesmorethantenkindsofcalls,1canbecombinedintohundredsofdifferentorders.

Thestudyteammade4,800recordingsofthecalls2(generate)bythreegroupsofchimpanzees.TheyliveintheTaiNationalPark,theIvoryCoast.Itsoneofthelastimportant3(area)ofold-growthtropicalforestinWestAfricaandhome4manykindsofplantsandanimals.Chimpanzeesareintelligentand5(high)socialcreatures.Theycanmakeandusetoolsandcan6(teach)asmallamountofhumansignlanguage.

Scientists7(know)thatchimpanzeesusedifferentcallsinthewildsincealongtimeago.Butthenewstudyoffereda8(deep)understandingoftheircommunicationthanbefore.Cedricwastheleading9(write)ofthestudyandsaidthatthechimpanzeecallsareamong10mostcomplexformsofcommunicationdescribedinnon-humananimals.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

Ⅲ.阅读理解A(2024广东深圳高级中学期中)Manygardenersbelievethat“talking”totheirplantshelpsthemgrow—itturnsoutthattheymaynotbecrazyatall.AccordingtothescientistsfromtheUniversityofExeter,plantsmaykeepcommunicatingwitheachotherthroughasecret“unseen”language.Fortheirexperiment,thescientistspickedacabbageplantthatisknowntosendoutagaswhenitssurfaceiscut.Inordertogetvideoevidenceofthecommunication,theychangedthecabbagegenebyaddingtheluciferase(荧光素酶),whichiswhatmakesfireflies(萤火虫)glowinthedark.Whenthechangedcabbageplantwasinfullbloom,theycutaleafoffwithapairofscissors,andalmostimmediately,thankstotheluciferase,theycouldseetheplantsendingout“methyljasmonate(茉莉酸甲酯)”.Whilethiswasaknownfact,whatwassurprisingwasthefactthattheminutethisgasbegantobereleased,thenearbycabbageplantsseemedtodetectsomekindofdangerandstartedtosendoutagasthattheynormallyhavetokeepenemieslikecaterpillars(毛虫)away.Whatthescientistsarenotsureiswhethertheplantsaretryingtowarntheotherleavesorthenearplantsofthedanger—somethingthatwillrequirefurtherresearch.However,theteam,whichisledbyProfessorNickSmirnoff,isquiteexcitedaboutthefindingsbecausethisisthefirsttimeithasbeenprovedthatplantsdonotliveapassivelife,butactuallymove,senseandevencommunicatewitheachother.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph1mean?A.Gardeners.B.Plants.C.Scientists.D.Fireflies.2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisntTRUEofthepassagewhentheplantsentout“methyljasmonate”?A.Thenearbycabbageplantsseemedtosensesomekindofdanger.B.Thenearbycabbageplantsstartedtosendoutagas.C.Thenearbycabbageplantstriedtowarnthenearplants.D.Thenearbycabbageplantscommunicatedthroughasecretlanguage.3.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperiment?A.Plantsdontliveapassivelife.B.Plantscanfeelpainwhentheyarecut.C.Plantscanwarntheotherleavesofdanger.D.Plantscantalkwitheachother.4.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthetextprobablytaken?A.Ahealthmagazine.B.Abiologymagazine.C.Amedicalresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.B(2024陕西西安蓝田期中)BiologistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreinEnglanddiscoveredthatplantshaveabiologicalprocesswhichdividestheiramountofstoredenergybythelengthofthenight.Thissolvestheproblemofhowtoportionout(分配)energyreservesduringthenightsothattheplantcankeepgrowingyetnotriskburningoffallitsstoredenergy.Whilethesunshines,plantsperformphotosynthesis(光合作用).Inthisprocess,theplantschangesunlight,waterandcarbondioxideintostoredenergyintheformoflongchainsofsugar,calledstarch(淀粉).Atnight,theplantsburnthisstoredstarchtofuelcontinuedgrowth.“Thecalculationsareprecisesothatplantspreventstarvationbutalsomakethemostefficientuseoftheirfood,”saidstudyco-authorAlisonSmith.“Ifthestarchstoreisusedtoofast,plantswillstarveandstopgrowingduringthenight.Ifthestoreisusedtooslowly,someofitwillbewasted.”ThescientistsstudiedtheplantArabidopsis,whichisregardedasamodelplantforexperiments.Togivetheplantssomemathtests,thebiologistsletnightarriveunexpectedlyearlyorlateforthem.Duringoneoftheexams,theyshutoffthelightsontheplantsearlythathadbeengrownwithtwelve-hourdaysandnights.Puttingthemintodarknessafteronlyaneight-hourdaymeanttheydidnthavetimetostoreasmuchstarchasusual.Andthisforcedtheplantstoadjusttheirnormalnightlyrhythm.Amazingly,evenafterthisdaylengthtrick,theplantsdidverywellintheirexamsandendedupwithjustfivepercentofstarchleftoverattheendofthenight.Theyhadneitherstarved,norstoredstarchthatcouldhavebeenusedtofuelmoregrowth.Theauthorssuggestedthatsimilarbiologicalcalculatorsmayexplainhowamigratorybird,thelittlestint,canmakeafive-thousand-kilometerjourneytotheirsummerhabitatintheArcticandarrivewithenoughfatreservestosurviveonlyapproximatelyhalfadaymore,onaverage.TheresultsofthestudywerepublishedineLife.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Plantsuselittleenergyduringtheday.B.Plantsusuallystopgrowingatnight.C.Plantswastealotofenergyatnight.D.Plantsstorestarchduringtheday.6.WhatdidthescientistsdowhenstudyingArabidopsis?A.Theychangedtheplantslightconditions.B.Theyprovidedtheplantwithmorestarch.C.Theytriedtokeeptheplantsnaturalrhythm.D.Theyattachedabiologicalcalculatortotheplant.7.Howabouttheexperimentalplantswhenthemorningarrived?A.Theynearlydiedoflackoffood.B.Theyusedmostoftheirstoredenergy.C.Theybegantoregulatetheirfoodstore.D.Theystoredenoughstarchforthenextday.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelittlestint?A.Theymayhaveasystemtocontrolenergyconsumption.B.Theyoftendieduringtheirlonganddifficultjourney.C.TheyleavetheArcticinsummereveryyear.D.Theyareunabletocalculatethedistances.答案与分层梯度式解析Unit5RevealingnaturePart1Startingout&Understandingideas基础过关练Ⅰ.1.disgrace2.samples3.ancestors4.generateⅡ.1.distance考查名词。句意:你也可以参观城市博物馆,从你住的酒店走着就能到。withinwalkingdistance步行就能到。2.convincing考查形容词。句意:在以令人信服的证据否认了所有指控后,这位荷兰技术人员被宣布无罪并被释放。设空处应用形容词作定语修饰evidence,表示“使人信服的”,故填convincing。注意:convinced表示“确信的,信服的”,常指人的状态。3.evolution考查名词。句意:我很感激能读到这部了不起的作品,我很激动能继续探索生物学和进化的世界。设空处与and前的biology并列作of的宾语,应用名词形式。4.fascinated考查形容词。句意:当画面开始出现时,孩子们看得入迷了。此处作状语,表示主句主语的状态,应用-ed结尾的形容词,故填fascinated。5.of考查介词。句意:海关官员怀疑那个旅客携带毒品,仔细检查了他的手提箱。suspectsb.ofdoingsth.意为“怀疑某人做某事”。6.in考查介词。句意:这个正在讨论中的问题对我们公司的创新和发展非常重要。inquestion意为“在讨论中的”。7.isregarded考查时态和语态。句意:医疗保健被认为是改善人们健康的重要途径。此处表示客观事实,应用一般现在时,且Healthcare与regard之间为被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,故填isregarded。beregardedas意为“被认为是”。8.answering考查非谓语动词。句意:据说那个响应号召的年轻人来自一个富有的家庭。分析句子可知,that引导的主语从句已含有谓语,故此处应用非谓语动词。theyoungman与answer之间为主动关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。Ⅲ.1.adaptingto2.iscrowdedetoexist4.ledto5.WhatsmoreⅣ.1.totakepartin;heldinourschool2.Itsyouthat/who3.asIacceptedtheaward4.Itwasnotuntilhegotsickseriouslythatherealizedthevalueofahealthybody.能力提升练Ⅰ.1.a考查冠词。句意:年轻时,查尔斯·达尔文被认为是家人的耻辱。beadisgrace意为“是耻辱,是丢脸的事”,故本空应用冠词a。2.discoveries考查名词复数。句意:然而,他在“贝格尔号”船上的探险之旅将带来有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。根据空前oneof可知,本空应用名词复数形式。3.tostudy考查不定式。句意:在这艘船上的航行给他提供了一个研究生活在自己的自然环境中的生物的好机会。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语offered,故此处应用非谓语动词。此处表示“做某事的好机会”,设空处作后置定语修饰抽象名词opportunity,故应用不定式形式。类比启发opportunity、chance、decision、wish、promise、plan、attempt、effort、right(权利)、ability等表示机会、愿望、企图、打算、能力等意义的词后常用不定式作后置定语。4.that考查固定结构。句意:他对岩石、植物和动物如此着迷,以至于他在船上的房间里堆满了样本。本句含有so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。5.hadappeared考查时态。句意:当时,人们认为所有的物种都是同时出现在地球上的,后来再无变化。分析句子可知,设空处为that引导的主语从句的谓语,appear表示的动作发生在wasbelieved之前,表示“过去的过去”,故本空应用过去完成时。6.differently考查副词。句意:通过仔细观察,他开始有了不同的想法。本空修饰动词think,故应用副词形式。7.to考查介词。句意:所以他认为它们一定是从一个共同的祖先进化而来的,它们进化是为了适应环境。adaptto意为“适应”,故本空应用介词to。8.evolution考查名词。句意:达尔文的新思想以他的观察为基础,并创造出了进化论。根据空前介词of可知,本空应用名词形式。9.causing考查现在分词。句意:《物种起源》这本书解释了他的理论,引起了激烈的争论。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语explained,故此处应用非谓语动词。本空在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故应用现在分词形式。10.written考查过去分词。句意:如今,它仍被认为是曾被写出来的最重要的著作之一。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词works,动词write和works之间为被动关系,故本空应用过去分词形式。Ⅱ.◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究语言进化的科学家表示,野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要更复杂。研究人员表示,这种动物会发出十多种叫声,可以组合成数百种不同的指令。1.which考查非限制性定语从句。句意:研究人员表示,这种动物会使用十多种叫声,这些叫声可以被组合成数百种不同的指令。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号,逗号前面的句子结构完整,而空后句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为calls,指物,设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。2.generated考查过去分词。句意:研究小组对三组黑猩猩产生的叫声进行了4,800次录音。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语made,故此处应用非谓语动词。generate和它所修饰的词calls之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填generated。3.areas考查名词的复数。句意:它是西非仅剩的重要的未被砍伐的热带森林地区之一,也是多种植物和动物的家园。空前有oneof,所以此处应用名词的复数形式,表示“……之一”。故填areas。4.to考查介词。句意见上题。behometo...为固定短语,意为“……的家园”。5.highly考查副词。句意:黑猩猩很聪明,是高度群居的动物。设空处修饰形容词social,应用副词作状语,故填highly。6.betaught考查被动语态。句意:它们会制作和使用工具,并且可以被教授少量的人类手势语。分析句子可知,设空处与can共同构成与canmakeanduse并列的谓语,且teach和主语They(指代Chimpanzees)之间是被动关系,所以用含情态动词的被动语态,故填betaught。7.haveknown考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自很久以前,科学家们就知道黑猩猩在野外使用不同的叫声。根据时间状语sincealongtimeago可知,主句应用现在完成时态,主句主语是复数,故填haveknown。8.deeper考查比较级。句意:但这项新的研究对它们的交流提供了比以前更深入的理解。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作定语,再根据下文的than可知,应用比较级,故填deeper。9.writer考查名词。句意:Cedric是这项研究的主要作者,他说黑猩猩的叫声是非人类动物中描述的最复杂的交流形式之一。根据空前的theleading和空后的of可知,此处应用名词形式。theleadingwriter意为“主笔人”。10.the考查冠词。句意见上题。形容词最高级前面加定冠词,故填the。【高频词汇】1.complexadj.复杂的2.combinev.结合;组合3.intelligentadj.聪明的Ⅲ.A◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过实验发现,植物之间可能在通过一种看不见的语言进行交流。1.A词义猜测题。根据指代关系和画线词所在句“Manygardenersbelievethat‘talking’totheirplantshelpsthemgrow—itturnsoutthattheymaynotbecrazyatall.(许多园艺爱好者认为,与植物‘交谈’有助于植物生长——事实证明,他们可能根本没有疯。)”可推知,they指代上文中的“gardeners”。2.C细节理解题。根据第五段中“Whatthescientistsarenotsureiswhethertheplantsaretryingtowarntheotherleavesorthenearplantsofthedanger—somethingthatwillrequirefurtherresearch.”可知科学家们不确定的是,这些植物是否在试图警告其他叶子或附近的植物有危险——这需要进一步的研究。因此“邻近的卷心菜植物试图警告附近的植物。”是不准确的表述。故选C。3.A细节理解题。根据第五段中“thisisthefirsttimeithasbeenprovedthatplantsdonotliveapassivelife,butactuallymove,senseandevencommunicatewitheachother”可知,这是第一次证明植物不是被动地生活,而是真正地移动、感知甚至相互交流。故选A。4.B推理判断题。通读全文,结合第一段中“AccordingtothescientistsfromtheUniversityofExeter,plantsmaykeepcommunicatingwitheachotherthroughasecret‘unseen’language.”和最后一段中“thisisthefirsttimeithasbeenprovedthatplantsdonotliveapassivelife,butactuallymove,senseandevencommunicatewitheachother”可知,文章介绍了科学家们发现植物之间可能在通过一种“看不见的”语言进行交流,植物并不是被动地生活,它们能感知和交流。由此推知,本文很可能选自生物学杂志。【高频词汇】1.turnout结果是2.releasevt.释放3.requirevt.要求;需要4.provevt.证明5.passiveadj.被动的长难句原句Whilethiswasaknownfact,whatwassurprisingwasthefactthattheminutethisgasbegantobereleased,thenearbycabbageplantsseemedtodetectsomekin