高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语(新高考)专题1 NO.1　题型微技法•突破阅读理解4题型

专题一阅读理解NO.1题型微技法•突破阅读理解4题型高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024维度1维度2目录索引0102维度303考情分析年份卷别体裁(以A、B、C、D语篇为序)题型数量细节理解推理判断词义猜测主旨大意2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文·记叙文说明文·议论文6711新高考全国Ⅱ卷应用文·夹叙夹议文说明文·说明文8511年份卷别体裁(以A、B、C、D语篇为序)题型数量细节理解推理判断词义猜测主旨大意2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文·夹叙夹议文说明文·说明文8511新高考全国Ⅱ卷应用文·记叙文说明文·说明文84212021新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文·记叙文说明文·说明文6612新高考全国Ⅱ卷应用文·记叙文说明文·说明文9411命题专家谈高考1.短文题材丰富:选材紧紧围绕“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题语境,引导学生关注教育、节约食物、关爱老人、树立环保意识等。内容越来越贴近生活、贴近社会、贴近时代。2.文章体裁多样:文章体裁包括应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文,2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷还出现了夹叙夹议文。3.趋向深度理解:考查越来越深入,体现为事实理解从单句信息理解向段落综合信息理解发展、关键信息多维度、多次设项考查、对长句的理解频繁入题。4.渗透文化意识:文化意识的渗透性加强,凸显中国元素,具备国际视野。维度1自主练透送分点——细节理解题细节理解题相对比较简单,但在高考阅读理解中占了60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、综合信息题及数字计算题。[设问方式]1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词引出问题。2.填空形式。如“...studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif

”。

[选项特征]直接信息题在原文中可直接找到答案,不需要考生对信息进行分析、概括或者推理判断,考查考生识别事实性信息的能力。正确选项和原文在语言表述上没有太大的差别。技法1直接信息题——定位信息巧比对[典例印证]

(2023全国甲卷,B)She

credits

these

skills

to

her

late

grandfather

and

builder

Derek

Lloyd.From

the

age

of

six,Terri,now

26,accompanied

Derek

to

work

during

her

school

holidays.A

day’s

work

was

rewarded

with

￡5

in

pocket

money.She

says:“I’m

sure

I

wasn’t

much

of

a

help

to

start

with.But

when

Derek

built

our

family

house

about

eight

years

ago,I

was

heavily

involved(参与),painting

the

rooms

and

putting

down

the

flooring

throughout

the

house.It

took

weeks

and

was

backbreaking

work,but

I

know

he

was

proud

of

my

skills.”25.Why

did

Terri’s

grandfather

give

her

￡5

a

day?A.For

a

birthday

gift.B.As

a

treat

for

her

work.C.To

support

her

DIY

projects.D.To

encourage

her

to

take

up

a

hobby.▶分析根据题干中的定位词￡5可定位于“A

day’s

work

was

rewarded

with

￡5

in

pocket

money.”,据此可知,她外祖父每天给她零钱是为了奖励她一天的工作。[自主解答]

B▶图解技法

解答间接信息题时,要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。技法2间接信息题——同义转换慎甄选[典例印证]

(2023全国乙卷,C)According

to

a

new

study

from

market

analysts,1

in

5

Britons

say

that

watching

cookery

programmes

on

TV

has

encouraged

them

to

try

different

food.Almost

one

third

say

they

now

use

a

wider

variety

of

ingredients

(配料)

than

they

used

to,and

just

under

1

in

4

say

they

now

buy

better

quality

ingredients

than

before.One

in

four

adults

say

that

TV

chefs

have

made

them

much

more

confident

about

expanding

their

cookery

knowledge

and

skills,and

young

people

are

also

getting

more

interested

in

cooking.The

UK’s

obsession

(痴迷)

with

food

is

reflected

through

television

scheduling.Cookery

shows

and

documentaries

about

food

are

broadcast

more

often

than

before.With

an

increasing

number

of

male

chefs

on

TV,it’s

no

longer

“uncool”

for

boys

to

like

cooking.30.Which

is

the

percentage

of

the

people

using

more

diverse

ingredients

now?A.20%.

B.24%.

C.25%.

D.33%.

▶分析题干中的关键词为ingredients,与文中

“Almost

one

third

say

they

now

use

a

wider

variety

of

ingredients

than

they

used

to”中的ingredients为原词复现,题干中的more

diverse与该句中的a

wider

variety

of是同义词,根据近三分之一的人可知是33%。[自主解答]

D▶图解技法

为了增加细节理解题的难度,命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容,需要学生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。此类试题虽然各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但学生需要具备一定的概括和归纳能力才能正确作答。技法3综合信息题——概括归纳得答案[典例印证]

(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)When

John

Todd

was

a

child,he

loved

to

explore

the

woods

around

his

house,observing

how

nature

solved

problems.A

dirty

stream,for

example,often

became

clear

after

flowing

through

plants

and

along

rocks

where

tiny

creatures

lived.When

he

got

older,John

started

to

wonder

if

this

process

could

be

used

to

clean

up

the

messes

people

were

making.After

studying

agriculture,medicine,and

fisheries

in

college,John

went

back

to

observing

nature

and

asking

questions.Why

can

certain

plants

trap

harmful

bacteria

(细菌)?Which

kinds

of

fish

can

eat

cancer-causing

chemicals?With

the

right

combination

of

animals

and

plants,he

figured,maybe

he

could

clean

up

waste

the

way

nature

did.He

decided

to

build

what

he

would

later

call

an

eco-machine.24.What

can

we

learn

about

John

from

the

first

two

paragraphs?A.He

was

fond

of

traveling.B.He

enjoyed

being

alone.C.He

had

an

inquiring

mind.D.He

longed

to

be

a

doctor.

▶分析根据第一段中的“observing

how

nature

solved

problems”

“When

he

got

older...the

messes

people

were

making.”和第二段中的“John

went

back

to

observing

nature

and

asking

questions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出,John拥有研究事物的好奇心,善于思考。[自主解答]

C▶图解技法

此类题主要考查考生对具体细节信息的定位和识别,涉及的计算比较简单。技法4数字计算题——加减乘除巧推算[典例印证]

(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A)Bike

Rental

&

Guided

ToursWelcome

to

Amsterdam,welcome

to

MacBike.You

see

much

more

from

the

seat

of

a

bike!Cycling

is

the

most

economical,sustainable

and

fun

way

to

explore

the

city,with

its

beautiful

canals,parks,squares

and

countless

lights.You

can

also

bike

along

lovely

landscapes

outside

of

AmsterdamPrices

Hand

Brake,Three

GearsFoot

Brake,No

Gears1

hour€7.50€5.003

hours€11.00€7.501

day

(24

hours)€14.75€9.75Each

additional

day€8.00€6.0022.How

much

do

you

pay

for

renting

a

bike

with

hand

brake

and

three

gears

for

two

days?A.€15.75.

B.€19.50.

C.€22.75.

D.€29.50.▶分析根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知,带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元,每超出一天按8欧元计算,故租两天的费用为22.75欧元。[自主解答]

C▶图解技法

课堂应用A(2023新高考Ⅱ卷,A)YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogramsthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.Experiencing

Wildlife

in

Yellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.Junior

Ranger

Wildlife

Olympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.Canyon

Talks

at

Artist

Point(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.Photography

Workshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills-joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19-Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.7/10-Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。作者介绍了今年夏天黄石公园为游客提供的四个护林员项目。1.Which

of

the

four

programs

begins

the

earliest?A.PhotographyWorkshops.B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.√解析

细节理解题。题干所问的是“四个项目中哪一个项目最早开始?”,根据四个项目的标题可知,Experiencing

Wildlife

in

Yellowstone开始于5月26日,Junior

Ranger

Wildlife

Olympics开始于6月5日,Canyon

Talks

at

Artist

Point开始于6月9日,Photography

Workshops开始于6月19日。由此可知,Experiencing

Wildlife

in

Yellowstone这个项目开始的时间最早。2.What

is

the

short

talk

at

Artist

Point

about?A.Worksoffamousartists.B.Protectionofwildanimals.C.Basicphotographyskills.D.Historyofthecanyonarea.解析

细节理解题。根据第三个项目部分中的“...while

learning

about

the

area’s

natural

and

human

history.”可知,这个讲座是关于大峡谷地区的历史的。√3.Where

will

the

participants

meet

for

the

July

10

photography

workshop?AArtistPoint.B.WashburnTrailhead.C.CanyonVillageStore.D.VisitorEducationCenter.√解析

细节理解题。根据第四个项目部分的最后一句“7/10-Wildflowers

&

White

Balance:meet

at

Washburn

Trailhead

in

Chittenden

parking

area.”可知,参加7月10日摄影研讨会的人员需要到Washburn

Trailhead集合。B(2023全国乙卷,B)LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(风景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.

Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetravelleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithin10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Stilllookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者不畏艰险,拍摄出高质量的风景照的故事。4.How

does

the

author

deal

with

the

challenge

as

a

landscape

photographer

in

the

Midwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.√解析

细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To

make

some

of

my

landscape

shots,I

have

travelled

up

to

four

hours

away

to

shoot

within

10-minute

time

frame.I

tend

to

travel

with

a

few

of

my

friends

to

state

parks

or

to

the

countryside

to

go

on

adventures

and

take

photos

along

the

way.”可知,为了拍摄一些风景照片,作者经常和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险,沿途拍照。故选B项。5.What

is

the

key

to

successful

landscape

photography

according

to

the

author?A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.√解析

细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Being

at

the

right

place

at

the

right

time

is

decisive

in

any

style

of

photography.”可知,作者认为,成功拍照的关键在于,在正确的时间出现在正确的地点,即适当的时间管理。故选A项。6.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.√解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段第五句“However,we

did

not

mark

the

route

so

we

ended

up

almost

missing

the

sunset

entirely.”可知,作者他们险些错过了日落,即到达拍摄地点比预计的晚了一些。故选C项。7.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.

B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.√解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Still

looking

back

on

the

photos,they

are

some

of

my

best

shots

though

they

could

have

been

so

much

better

if

I

would

have

been

prepared

and

managed

my

time

wisely.”可知,尽管作者认为还有些缺憾,但照片拍得还是不错的,作者对此感到很满意。故选B项。维度2精准突破保分点——推理判断题和词句猜测题(一)推理判断题推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示,作出一定的判断和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。它所涉及的内容可能是某几句话,要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上,对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理,揭示其深层含义。根据近几年高考真题来看,推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度为高频考点,而推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象为低频考点。技法1隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲推断隐含意义类的题目要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。[设问方式]1.Whatcanweinferfrom...?/Whatcanbeinferredabout...?2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?/Whatdoweknowabout...?3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...?[典例印证](2023全国甲卷,D)Obviously,if

precautions

(预防)

aren’t

taken,grizzlies

can

become

troublesome,sometimes

killing

farm

animals

or

walking

through

yards

in

search

of

food.If

people

remove

food

and

attractants

from

their

yards

and

campsites,grizzlies

will

typically

pass

by

without

trouble.Putting

electric

fencing

around

chicken

houses

and

other

farmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean,attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,”saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.▶分析根据文中“If

people

remove

food

and

attractants...is

also

highly

effective

at

getting

grizzlies

away”可以推断,人类只要采取合适的预防措施,就可以和灰熊和谐共处,故B项正确。[自主解答]

B▶图解技法

[即学即练](2022全国甲卷,D)EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,

Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.

“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.

IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.

“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2,000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3,000years,andtheChinesemorestill.

We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.√解析

推理判断题。依据题干定位细节,即上文第一段中的“...traditions

are

increasingly

rare.Shirley

Fitzgerald,the

city’s

official

historian,told

me

that

in

its

rush

to

modernity

in

the

1970s,Sydney

swept

aside

much

of

its

past,including

many

of

its

finest

buildings.”,揣摩此细节可知,Shirley

Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化,正在失去它的传统。35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.√解析

推理判断题。依据题干定位细节,即上文第二段中的“On

the

other

hand,being

young

and

old

at

the

same

time

has

its

attractions.I

considered

this

when

I

met

a

thoughtful

young

businessman

named

Anthony.”和最后一段中的“He

is

right”,揣摩此细节可知,作者赞同Anthony的观点,认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。技法2观点态度题——依据措辞定态度理解观点、态度类的题目旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或态度的理解能力,要求考生具备较高层次的阅读理解能力,在理解文意的基础上就作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度进行推理判断。有时文中没有直接表明相关人物的观点态度的词句,考生需要结合文中描述该人物语气、动作、表情的词句及他人的评价等信息来推断其观点或态度。此类试题题干中常见的关键词(组)有attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard,feelabout,thinkof等。[设问方式]1.Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto/towards...?2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?3.Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudeto/towards...?[典例印证]

(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)Although

popular

beliefs

regarding

emotional

intelligence

run

far

ahead

of

what

research

can

reasonably

support,the

overall

effects

of

the

publicity

have

been

more

beneficial

than

harmful.The

most

positive

aspect

of

this

popularization

is

a

new

and

much

needed

emphasis(重视)

on

emotion

by

employers,educators

and

others

interested

in

promoting

social

well-being.The

popularization

of

emotional

intelligence

has

helped

both

the

public

and

researchers

re-evaluate

the

functionality

of

emotions

and

how

they

serve

people

adaptively

in

everyday

life.34.What

is

the

author’s

attitude

to

the

popularization

of

emotional

intelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.

▶分析根据选段第一句中的“Although

popular

beliefs

regarding

emotional

intelligence

run

far

ahead

of

what

research

can

reasonably

support,the

overall

effects

of

the

publicity

have

been

more

beneficial

than

harmful.”可知,作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊。由此可推知,作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。[自主解答]

A▶图解技法

[即学即练](2020全国Ⅲ卷,C)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”...29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive.

B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.√解析

根据第五段中“And

what

does

Nick

think?‘From

my

standpoint,it

all

seems

to

work

very

well.Would

I

recommend

it?Yes,I

think

I

would.’”

可知,Nick同意和岳母住在一起,并且很愿意推荐这一做法,所以是positive,选A项。技法3写作意图题——“4看”推意图判断写作意图要求考生根据文章内容,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的,表意图或目的的常见表达有:toillustrate/show(表明),toexplain(解释),highlight/stress(强调),tointroduce/recommend(介绍),topredict(预告),toprove(证实),toamuse/entertainreaders(娱乐读者),toreachaconclusion(得出结论),topresentanargument(提出论点)。作者一般不会直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章的具体内容向读者传达某种观点或想法。这类题要求考生不仅要能够理解文章大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。1.段落/细节意图:考查文中某段或某细节的写作意图,常见的设问方式有:(1)Whydoestheauthormention...?(2)Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph...?(3)Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?(4)Whyis...mentionedinparagraph...?2.篇章意图:考查文章整体的写作意图,常见的设问方式有:(1)Whatisthepurposeofthetext?(2)Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?(3)Whatdoesthewriterofthestorywanttotellus?[典例印证]

(2023浙江1月卷)A

machine

can

now

not

only

beat

you

at

chess,it

can

also

outperform

you

in

debate.Last

week,in

a

public

debate

in

San

Francisco,a

software

program

called

Project

Debater

beat

its

human

opponents,including

Noa

Ovadia,Israel’s

former

national

debating

champion.28.Why

does

the

author

mention

Noa

Ovadia

in

the

first

paragraph?A.To

explain

the

use

of

a

software

program.B.To

show

the

cleverness

of

Project

Debater.C.To

introduce

the

designer

of

Project

Debater.D.To

emphasize

the

fairness

of

the

competition.

▶分析推理判断题。通读第一段内容可知,文章第一段提到以色列前国家辩论冠军Noa

Ovadia是为了说明Project

Debater在辩论方面很出色,故B项“为了展示Project

Debater

的聪明”正确。[自主解答]

B▶图解技法

[即学即练](2020天津卷,D)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance:curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement....Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51.Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto

.

A.proposeadefinition

B.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusion D.presentanargument√解析

写作意图题。本文是一篇议论文,按照“文体特点推意图”法,此篇议论文开篇明义,阐述了作者对成功人士必备品质的看法,下面各段都是围绕着这一看法展开的,故选D项“提出论点”。技法4文章出处/读者身份题——看内容巧推断文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者身份推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。[设问方式]1.Wherecanthetextbefound?2.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?3.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?4.Whomaythetextbeintendedfor?5.Whoisthepassagemainlywrittenfor?6.Whoarethemostpossiblereadersofthepassage?[典例印证]

(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷,C)Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Lovers

is

a

celebration

of

an

everyday

object-the

book,represented

here

in

almost

three

hundred

artworks

from

museums

around

the

world.The

image

of

the

reader

appears

throughout

history,in

art

made

long

before

books

as

we

now

know

them

came

into

being.In

artists’

representations

of

books

and

reading,we

see

moments

of

shared

humanity

that

go

beyond

culture

and

time.In

this

“book

of

books,”

artworks

are

selected

and

arranged

in

a

way

that

emphasizes

these

connections

between

different

eras

and

cultures.We

see

scenes

of

children

learning

to

read

at

home

or

at

school,with

the

book

as

a

focus

for

relations

between

the

generations.Adults

are

portrayed(描绘)

alone

in

many

settings

and

poses-absorbed

in

a

volume,deep

in

thought

or

lost

in

a

moment

of

leisure.These

scenes

may

have

been

painted

hundreds

of

years

ago,but

they

record

moments

we

can

all

relate

to.Books

themselves

may

be

used

symbolically

in

paintings

to

demonstrate

the

intellect(才智),wealth

or

faith

of

the

subject.Before

the

wide

use

of

the

printing

press,books

were

treasured

objects

and

could

be

works

of

art

in

their

own

right.More

recently,as

books

have

become

inexpensive

or

even

throwaway,artists

have

used

them

as

the

raw

material

for

artworks-transforming

covers,pages

or

even

complete

volumes

into

paintings

and

sculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook. B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum. D.Areviewofmodernpaintings.

▶分析文章出处题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Lovers

is

a

celebration...three

hundred

artworks

from

museums

around

the

world.”可知,《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品,本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知,本文最有可能摘自书的序言。[自主解答]

A▶图解技法

[即学即练](2021全国甲卷,A)Take

a

view,t