2022年6月英语六级真题第一套

-1-SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Utilizingartificialintelligencetofindapowerfulnewantibiotic.B)Discoveringbacteriawhichareresistanttoallknownantibiotics.C)Identifyingbacterialstrainsthataremostharmfultohumanhealth.D)Removingadeadlystrainofbacteriainhumanswithanewantibiotic.10.A)Ever-increasingstrainsofbacteria.B)Bacteria'sresistancetoantibiotics.C)Thesimilaritybetweenknowndrugs.D)Thegrowingthreatofbacteriatohealth.11.A)Dispensewithexperimentaltesting.B)Predictwhethercompoundsaretoxic.C)Foreseehumanreactiontoantibiotics.D)Combatbacteria'sresistancetoantibiotics.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Bytheorization.B)Bygeneralization.Byobservation.D)Byconversation13.A)Theyareeasytodetect.B)Theyarewellintended.C)Theyaregroundless.D)Theyareharmless14.A)Mostlybychance.B)Basicallyobjective.C)Subjecttotheirmentalalertness.D)Dependentontheiranalyticalability.15.A)Lookingthespeakerintheeye.B)Listeningcarefullytothespeaker.C)Measuringthespeaker'sbreathingrate.D)Focusingonthespeaker'sfacialexpressions.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theydon'ttreatpatientswithduerespect.B)Theywitnessalotofdoctor-patientconflicts.C)Theyhavetodealwithsocialworkersstrikes.D)Theydon'tcarehowmuchpatientshavetopay.17.A)Appearsubmissiveandgratefultodoctorsandnurses.B)Expressastrongdesiretobeconsultedorinformed.C)Refrainfromsayinganythingthatsoundsnegative.D)Notedownthenamesofallthedoctorsandnurses.18.A)Cooperative.C)Passive.B)Appreciative.D)Responsive.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itsmembersworktogetherdespiterisksoffailure.B)Itprioritizesrecruitingyoungenergeticmembers.C)Itsmembersstayintouchevenafteritbreaksup.D)Itgrowsmoreandmorematureprofessionally.20.A)Theirdifferencesarelikelytoimpactproductivity.B)Theirsimilarityisconducivetofuturecollaboration.C)Theirconnectionsstrengthenwiththepassageoftime.D)Theirmutualunderstandingstemsfromacommongoal.21.A)Itischaracterizedbydiversity.B)Itsgoalsarequiteinconsistent.C)Itsmembershavesimilarbackgrounds.D)Itisconnectedbyauniquemechanism.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Puttingasidetwentypercentofone'searnings.B)Spendinginanticipationofbecomingwealthy.C)Livingoffasmallproportionofone'sincome.D)Savingasmuchasonecanpossiblymanage.23.A)Itempowersthemtocopewithirrationalemotions.B)Itwillguaranteetheprofitsfromtheirinvestments.C)Itwillturnthemintosuccessfulfinancialplanners.D)Itenablesthemtofocusonlong-terminvestments.24.A)Theycountonotherstotaketheresponsibility.B)Theychangetheirinvestmentstrategyintime.C)Theythinktheythemselvesaretoblame.D)Theypersistratherthangetdiscouraged.25.A)Theydonotresistnovellifestyles.B)Theydonottrytokeepupwithothers.C)Theydonotcarewhattheyhaveacquired.D)Theydonotpressurethemselvestogetrich.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThecityofBathwasfoundedbytheRomansalmosttwothousandyearsago.Ithasbeenfamousforits26pleasingarchitectureandhealingthermalspringseversince.TherearethreehotspringsinBath;oneistheKing'sSpring,uponwhichtheRomanBathsandatemplewere27.TheothertwoaretheCrossSpringandtheHetlingSpring,closetoeachotherinHotBathStreet.AlthoughBathis28knownasaRomanandGeorgiancity,manypeoplecameintheinterveningcenturiestomakeuseofthe29waters.WhiletheGeorgiansmade"takingthewaters'orbathingparticularlyfashionable,itwas30generationswhopavedtheway,creatinggreaterinterestinBathanditssprings.CharlesII,desperateforanheirandunabletoproducea31son,cametoBathtotakethewatersinthehopethattheirmagicalpowerswoulddosomethingto32thesituation.Cravingforamaleheir,JamesandMarybothcametoBathandsoonafterproducedason,whichbredmanyconspiracytheoriesaboutwhowastherealfatheroftheir33.Regardless,the"miraclecreatedsomethingofaboomintourismforBathandonceQueenAnnehadpaidavisitin1702,sealingitastheplacetobe,thewholenation34tothecity.Afterwards,thespas(矿泉疗养浴场)inBathcontinuedtogoinandoutoffashionformorethan150yearsuntiltheyclosedcompletely.ThenewBathSpa,whichopenedin2006,35modemarchitecturewiththeancientspring,nowtheNewRoyalBath.A)aestheticallyI)offspringB)constructedJ)previousC)designatesK)principallyD)extractL)remedyE)flockedM)rhetoricallyF)incorporatesN)sneakedG)legitimateO)versatileH)naturalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheDoctorWillSkypeYouNowA)Fazilaisayoungwomanthathasbeendealingwitheczema(湿疹),acommonskincondition,forthepastfiveyears,butnevergotittreated.Thenearesthospitalisanhouraway,byboatandbus,andherskinconditiondidn'tseemseriousenoughtomakethetrek,sosheignoredit-untilanewtechnologybroughtthedoctortoher.FazilalivesononeoftheremoteriverislandsinnorthernBangladesh.Theseislandsarelow-lying,temporarysandislandsthatarecontinuouslyformedanddestroyedthroughsandbuildupanderosion.Theyarehometooversixmillionpeople,whofacerepeateddisplacementfromfloodinganderosion-whichmaybegettingworsebecauseofclimatechange-andarangeofhealthrisks,includingpoornutrition,malaria(疟疾)andotherwater-bornediseases.B)Themostdangerousthingfortheseremoteislanddwellersislanderosion.Thesecondislackofaccesstomedicalsuppliesanddoctors.Therearenodoctorswithinmiles,andwhilechildmortalityandmaternaldeathhavegonedownintherestofthecountry,thisisnotthecasefortheislands.Themedicalsituationissobadthatitreallytakesawayfromthequalityoftheirlife.Yetformanyislandinhabitants——someofBangladesh'spoorest-payingforhealthcareisacostlyordeal.Victimsoferosionlosetheirhouses,agriculturallandandjobsasfarmers,fishermenanddaylaborers.Thoughgovernmenthospitalsarefree,manypeoplehesitatetogo,citinglongcommutes,endlesslinesandquestionablediagnoses.Forconvenience'ssake,one-thirdofruralhouseholdsvisitunqualifiedvillagedoctors,whorelyonunscientificmethodsoftreatment,accordingtoa2016studyinthepeer-reviewedjournalGlobalHealthAction.C)Ontheislands,theresevenacolloquial(口头的)expressionfortheideaofmakingmedicalcareyourlowestpriority:It'sknownas“rogpushairakha^^inBengali,whichroughlytranslatesto"stockpilingtheirdiseases”--waitingtoseekmedicalattentionuntilaconditionbecomesextremelyserious.Now,anewvirtualmedicalservicecalledTeledaktar(TD)istryingtomakehealthcaremoreeasilyaccessible.Everyweek,TD'smedicaloperatorstraveltotheislandsbyboat,carryingalaptop,aportableprinterforprescriptionsandtoolstorunbasicmedicalscreeningssuchasbloodpressure,bloodsugar,bodytemperatureandweight.TheychooseanareaoftheislandwiththebestInternetreceptionandsetupamakeshift(临时凑合的)medicalcenterwhichconsistsofplasticstoolsandsmalltablesborrowedfromthelocals'homes,atentincaseofrainandasheetthatisstrunguptogivethepatientsprivacyduringtheirsession.D)LaunchedinOctober2018,TDhaseightcentersintownsandvillagesacrossruralBangladeshandonthreeislands.ItisfundedbyanonprofitorganizationfoundedbyBangladeshientrepreneurs,financeandtechnologyprofessionals.Insidethecenter,thelaptopscreenlightsuptorevealDr.TinaMustahid,TD'sheadphysician,live-streamed(网络直播)fromthecapitalcityofDhakaforfreeremotemedicalconsultations.AffectionatelycalledDoctorApa一"oldersister"inBengali-byherpatients,sheisoneofthreevolunteerdoctorsatTD.E)“Idiagnosethemthroughconversation,saysDr.Mustahid.'"Sometimesit'sreallyobviousthingsthatlocaldoctorsdon'thavethepatiencetotalkthroughwiththeirpatients.Forexample,acommoncomplaintmotherscomeinwithisthattheirchildrenrefusetoeattheirmeals.Themothersareconcernedtheyaredealingwithindigestion,butit'sbecausetheyarefeedingthechildrenpackagedchipswhicharecheapandconvenient.Itellthemitisruiningtheirappetiteandaskthemtocutbackonunhealthysnacks."Dr.Mustahidsaysbuildingawarenessabouthealthandnutritionisimportantforislandpatientswhoarecutofffrommainlandresources.F)Evenofftheislands,Bangladeshfacesacriticaldeficitofhealthservices.Thecountryhashalfthedoctors-per-personratiorecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization:roughlyonedoctorper2,000people,insteadofonedoctorper1,000people.Andofthosephysicians,manyareconcentratedincities:70%ofthecountry'spopulationliveinruralareas,yetlessthan20%ofhealthworkerspracticethere.Over70%ofTD's3,000patientsarefemale,inpartbecausemanyarenotcomfortablespeakingwithlocaldoctorswhotendtobemale.Theruralwomenaremostlynotliterateorconfidentenoughtotravelontheirowntothenearesttowntovisitmedicalfacilities.Manyhavespenttheirentirelivesrebuildingtheirhomeswhentheislandsflood.Earlymarriageandyoungmotherhood,whichareprevalentinthesepartsofBangladesh,alsocontributetotheearlyonsetofhealthproblems.G)FormostTDpatientsontheislands,Dr.Mustahidisthefirstbig-citydoctorthatthey'veeverconsulted.TDdoctorsarenotmeanttotreatseriousillnessesorconditionsthatrequireadoctortobephysicallypresent,suchaspregnancy.Buttheycanwriteprescriptions,diagnosecommonailments一includingdigestiveissues,jointpain,skindiseases,feverandthecommoncold——andreferpatientstodoctorsatlocalhospitals.Thevisitisalsoanopportunityforthepatients,especiallywomen,toairtheirconcernsaboutaging,motherhoodandreproductivehealthaccordingtoDr.Mustahid.Thedoctorsalsoofferhealth,dietaryandlifestyleadvicewherenecessary,includinginsightoneverythingfromrecognizingpostnatal(产后的)depressiontodailyexercise.Dr.Mustahidregularlyrecommendsherpatientstotakeadailythirty-minutemorningwalkbeforethesungetstoointense.H)AfterafewsessionsaboutgeneralhealthissuesFazilafinallyopenedupaboutsomethingelsethatwasbotheringher:herpersistentskincondition.Itcangetexpensivetotraveltothedoctor,sousuallythewomenlivingontheislandsdescribetheirillnesstotheirhusbands.Thehusbandsthengotothepharmacy,trytodescribetheissueandreturnhomewithsomerandommedicines.NothingworkedforFazilauntilshestartedseeingDr.Apa.I)Othernonprofitsarealsostartingtoprovidehealthservicesontheislands.Alocalnon-governmentalorganizationcalledFriendshipoperatesfloatingboathospitalsthatprovidehealthservicestoislandsalloverBangladesh,dockingateachfortwomonthsatatime.Friendshipalsorunssatelliteclinicsinwhichonedoctorandoneclinicaidewhoareresidentsofthecommunitydispersehealthandhygieneinformation.J)TDstillhasafewmajorchallenges.Manyresidentscomplainthemedicinestheyareprescribedaresometimesunaffordable,butthegovernmentisn'tdoingenoughforthem.Patientsoftenaskwhythemedicineisn'tfreealongwiththeconsultationfromthedoctors.Theorganizationsarelinkedtolocalpharmaciesandofferdiscountstothepatientsandmakesuretoprescribethemostcost-effectivebrands,butstillmanyresidentscan'taffordeventhat.K)Nevertheless,TD'sremoteconsultationsseemtobepopular:Of3,000patients,atleast200havereturnedforfollow-ups,accordingtoTD.Thereason,explainsoneresident,mightbethesimplegestureoftreatingtheislandinhabitantswithrespect.：“Dr.Apaispatient,“hesays,“Atgovernmenthospitals,thedoctorstreatusverybadly,butheretheylistentous,Icanrepeatmyselfmanytimesandnoonegetsannoyed.”36.Somechildrenontheremoteislandswon'teattheirmealsbecausetheyarefedcheapjunkfood.37.UnlikeotherpartsofBangladesh,thenumberofwomenwhodiefromgivingbirthremainshighontheriverislands.38.Onebigproblemmanyislandershaveisthattheycan'taffordtheprescribedmedicines,evenwithdiscountsoffered.39.TDisavirtualmedicalservicefinanciallysupportedbyoneofthenation'snonprofitorganizations.40.TDdoctorsarewelcometotheislandersbecausetheytreatthesickwithrespectandpatience.41.Womenislanderstendtohavehealthproblemsearlypartlybecausetheygetmarriedandgivebirthearly.42.TDdoctorsmakeweeklyvisitstotheremoteislandstoprovideservicesatatemporarymedicalcenter.43.TDdoctorsprovidetheislanderswithonlinediagnosesandtreatmentsforcommondiseases.44.Theresidentsoftheriverislandshavetokeepmovingtheirhomesbecauseoffloodsandlanderosions.45.Womenislandersusuallyrelyontheirhusbandstogetsomemedicinesforthemwithoutdiagnosesandprescriptions.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SelectivecollegesanduniversitiesintheU.S.areunderfireforbeingtooeliteandtooexpensive,andfornottraininggraduatesfortheworldofwork.Suchchargesignorethefactthattheseinstitutionscontinuetopreparestudentsforsuccessintheirwork,forthoughtfulengagementinciviclife,forlifelonglearning,andforunderstandingtheworldandthosewithwhomtheylive.Thesecollegesanduniversitiesmustbedoingsomethingright.Applicationsareatrecordhighs,andtheirfinancialaidprogramsmakethemmoreaccessiblethanever.Thismodelofeducationhaslongplayedacentralroleincreatingopportunity,drivingeconomicgrowth,andspurringinnovation.Yet,thereisgrowingskepticismaboutthevalueofthismodel.Therecenttaxreformbillisawake-upcallthatourstrongestcollegesanduniversitiesareunderassaultbysomeingovernment.Theinitialproposalswouldhavemadeeducationunaffordableformanybytaxingtuitionwaiversforgraduatestudentsandendingdeductionsforstudentloaninterest.Thankfully,theseprovisionswereultimatelystrippedfromthebill,butlawmakersletstandanewtaxontheinvestmentincomeofsomecollegesanduniversities.Whiletheseattacksaremotivatedbymisguidedideas,weneedtodoabetterjobofexplainingwhytheseclaimsarefalseandwhywhatwedoisvaluable.Wecannottakeforgrantedthatanyofthisisobvious.Itisoftensaidthatelitecollegesanduniversitiesdonottrainstudents,particularlythosewhostudytheliberalarts,fortheworkforce.Butthiscanberefutedbyscholarlyresearch.Thedataareclear:aliberalartseducationisgreatcareerpreparation,bothforexcellentlifetimeearningsandforsatisfactionwiththework.Thiseducationdevelopstheskillsofcriticalthinking,rigorousanalysisofdataandfacts,communicationwiththewrittenandspokenword,understandingofculturaldifferencesandissues,andtheabilitytokeeplearning.Infact,liberalartsgraduatesdoextremelywellineveryimaginablefield.Accesstoaneducationatselectivecollegesanduniversitiesisnowmoreavailablethanevertolow-andmiddle-incomefamilies.Wehavebuiltendowmentsfromdonationsbyalumni(校友)andparentswhounderstandandappreciateourmissiontoprovideaccessandopportunity,andasignificantportionofthereturnsfromtheseendowmentsisusedtofundfinancialaid.Ironically,thenewtaxonendowmentsdrainsfinancialaidfundsfromtheveryschoolsmostabletoofferopportunitytothosewhohaveearnedaspotbutcannototherwiseaffordthiseducation.Beyondthevirtueofaccesstothosewhohaveearnedaplaceattheseschools,thediversityofeconomicbackgroundsenhancestheeducationandexperienceofallofourstudents.46.Whatfactdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningselectivecollegesanduniversities?A)Theyhavebeenignoringthetrainingofgraduatesfortheworldofwork.B)Theyhavebeendoingwellinensuringtheirstudentsasuccessfulfuture.C)Theyhavebeenconstantlyattackedforbeingtooeliteandtooexpensive.D)Theyhavebeenactivelyengagedinciviclifebeyondtheschoolcampus.47.WhatdoestheauthorsayinarguingforthemodelofeducationintheU.S.?A)Ithascontributedsubstantiallytothenation'soveralldevelopment.B)Ithassucceededinmaintainingsustainablefinancialaidprograms.C)Ithasgivenprioritytoinnovativeprogramsforgraduatestudies.D)Ithasplayedacentralroleinattractinginternationalapplicants.48.Whatdowelearnabouttheinitialproposalsconcerningtherecenttaxreformbill?A)Theywouldhavestrippedmanystudentsoflife'schances.B)Theywouldhavedeductedgraduatestudentloaninterest.C)Theywouldhaveaddedtomanystudents’financialburden.D)Theywouldhaveincreasedthenumberoftuitionwaivers.49.Whatdothedatashowaboutelitecollegesanduniversities?A)Theirgraduateslacktherigorrequiredfordoingstatisticalanalysis.B)Theirstudentsprovetobeinadequatelypreparedfortheirfuturecareers.C)Theirfocusonresearchisconducivetodevelopingstudents‘criticalthinking.D)Theirliberalartseducationenablesgraduatestoexcelinwhateverfieldtheyarein.50.Whatisanadvantageofprovidingfinancialaidforstudents?A)Everystudentcanchoosetheinstitutiontheywishtoattend.B)Allstudentscanbenefitfromadiversifiedstudentpopulation.C)Allstudentswillbeabletoearnaplaceonuniversitycampus.D)Lessprivilegedstudentswillbemorecompetitiveateliteschools.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenagroupofAustralianswasaskedwhytheybelievedclimatechangewasnothappening,about36%saiditwas“commonsense”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastyearbytheCommonwealthScientificandIndustrialResearchOrganization.Thiswasthemostpopularreasonfbrtheiropinion,withonly11%sayingtheirbeliefthatclimatechangewasnothappeningwasbasedonscientificresearch.Butwhatdowemeanbyanappealtocommonsense?Presumablyit'sanappealtorationalityofsomesortthatformsthebasisofmorecomplexreasoning.Theappealtocommonsense,however,isusuallynothingmorethananappealtothinkingthatjustfeelsright,butwhatfeelsrighttoonepersonmaynotfeelrighttoanother.Whetheritfeelsrightisusuallyareflectionoftheworldviewandideologieswehaveinternalised,andthatframeshowweinteractwithnewideas.Whennewideasareinaccordwithwhatwealreadybelieve,theyaremorereadilyaccepted.Whentheyarenot,they,andtheargumentsthatleadtothem,aremorereadilyrejected.Weoftenmistakethisautomaticcompatibilitytestingofnewideaswithexistingbeliefsasanapplicationofcommonsense,but,inreality,itismoreaboutjudgingthanthinking.AsNobelistDanielKahnemannotesinThinking,FastandSlow,whenwearriveatconclusionsinthisway,theoutcomesalsofeeltrue,regardlessofwhethertheyare.Wearenotpsychologicallywellequippedtojudgeourownthinking.Wearealsohighlysusceptibletoarangeofcognitivebiasessuchasgivingpreferencetothefirstthingsthatcometomindwhenmakingdecisionsorgivingweighttoevidence.Onewaywecancheckourinternalbiasesandinconsistenciesisthroughthesocialverificationofknowledge,inwhichwetestourideasinarigorousandsystematicwaytoseeiftheymakesensenotjusttous,buttootherpeople.Theoutstandingexampleofthissociallysharedcognitionisscience.Thatdoesnotmeanthatindividualsarenotcapableofexcellentthinking,nordoesitmeannoindividualisrational.Buttheextenttowhichindividualscandothisontheirownisafunctionofhowwellintegratedtheyarewithcommunitiesofsystematicinquiryinthefirstplace.