2019年12月四级真题第3套

机密*启用前大学英语四级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour—(2019年12月第3套)试题册敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容:1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3.请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2.请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即收回答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。4.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规处理:1.未正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。2.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。3.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠成毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。4.考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)特别说明：由于2019年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套听力试题同第1套或第2套试题一致，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Millionsofpeopletravelbyplaneeverysingleday.Ifyou’replanningonbeingoneofthemsoon,youmightnotbelookingforwardtothe___26___feelingairtraveloftenleavesyouwith.Besidestheairportcrowdsandstress,travellingatahighaltitudehasrealeffectsonthebody.Althoughthepressureofthecabinis___27___topreventaltitudesickness,youcouldstill___28___sleepinessoraheadache.Theloweroxygenpressurefoundinanaircraftcabinis___29___tothatat6,000-8,000feetofaltitude.Adropinoxygenpressurecancauseheadachesincertain___30___.Tohelppreventheadaches,drinkplentyofwater,andavoidalcoholandcoffee.Airplanefoodmightnotreallybeastastelessasyou___31___thought.Theairyoubreatheinaplanedriesoutyourmouthandnose,whichcanaffectyoursenseoftaste.Perceptionofsweetandsaltyfoodsdroppedbyalmost30percentinasimulationofairtravel.However,youcanmakeyourtastebudsactiveagainbydrinkingwater.Adrymouthmay___32___tastesensitivity,buttasteisrestoredbydrinkingfluids.Althoughin-flightinfections___33___indryenvironmentslikeairplanes,yourriskofgettingsickfromanairplaneisactuallylowbecauseoftheair___34___used.Unlessyou’resittingnexttosomeonewhoiscoughingorsneezing,youshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutgettingsick.However,bacteriahavebeenshowntoliveoncabinsurfaces,sowashyourhands___35___.A)adjustedI)particularB)channelsJ)primarilyC)equivalentK)reduceD)experienceL)renovatedE)filtersM)smoothF)frequentlyN)thriveG)individualsO)unpleasantH)originallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ASouthKoreancitydesignedforthefuturetakesonalifeofitsown[A]Gettingaroundacityisonething—andthenthere’sthematterofgettingfromonecitytoanother.Onevisionoftheperfectcityofthefutureisaplacethatofferseasyaccesstoairtravel.In2011,aUniversityofNorthCarolinabusinessprofessornamedJohnKasardapublishedabookcalledAerotropolis:TheWayWe’llLiveNext.Kasardasaysfuturecitiesshouldbebuiltintentionallyaroundornearairports.Theidea,ashehasputit,istoofferbusinesses“rapid,long-distanceconnectivityonamassivescale.”“The18thcenturyreallywasawaterborne（水运的）century,the19thcenturyarailcentury,the20thcenturyahighway,car,truckcentury—andthe21stcenturywillincreasinglybeanaviationcentury,astheglobebecomesincreasinglyconnectedbyair,”Kasardasays.Songdo,acitybuiltfromscratchinSouthKorea,isoneofKasarda’sprimeexamples.Ithasexistedforjustafewyears.“Fromtheoutset,itwasdesignedonthebasisofconnectivityandcompetitiveness,”saysKasarda.“ThegovernmentbuiltthebridgedirectlyfromtheairporttotheSongdoInternationalBusinessDistrict.Andthesurfaceinfrastructurewasbuiltatthesametimeasthenewairport.Songdoisastone’sthrowfromSouthKorea’sIncheonAirport,itsmaininternationalhub(枢纽）.Butittakesalotmorethananearbyairporttobeacityofthefuture.Justbuildingaplaceasan“internationalbusinessdistrict”doesn’tmeanitwillbecomeone.ParkYeonSooconceived(构想）thiscityofthefuturebackin1986.HeconsidersSongdohisbaby.Parkseeshimselfasavisionary.Thirtyyearsafterheimaginedthecity,Park’sbabyiscloseto70percentbuilt,with36,000peoplelivinginthebusinessdistrictand90,000residentsingreaterSongdo.It’saboutanhouroutsideSeoul,builtonformertidalflatsalongtheYellowSea.There’saCoastGuardbuildingandatalltradetower,aswellasapark,golfcourseanduniversity.Chancesareyou’veactuallyseenthisplace.SongdoappearsinthemostfamousmusicvideoevertocomeoutofSouthKorea.“GangnamStyle”referstothefashionableGangnamdistrictinSeoul.ButsomeofthevideowasfilmedinSongdo.“Idon’tknowifyouremember,therewasasceneinasubwaystation.ThatwasnotGangnam.ThatwasactuallySongdo,”saysJungWonSon,aprofessorofurbandevelopmentatLondon’sBartlettSchoolofPlanning.“Partofthereasontoshootthereisthatit’snewandnice.”Thecitywassupposedtobeahubforglobalcompanies,withemployeesfromallovertheworld.Butthat’snothowithasturnedout.Songdo’sreputationisasafuturisticghosttown.Buttherealityismorecomplicated.Abridgewithbig,light-blueloopsleadsintothebusinessdistrict.Inthecenterofthemainroad,there’salonglineofflagsoftheworld.Onthecomer,there’saStarbucksanda7-Eleven—alloftheinternationalbrandsthatyouseeallovertheworldnowadays.Thecityisnotempty.Therearemotherspushingbabycarriages,oldwomenwithwalkers—eveninthemiddleoftheday,whenit’s90degreesout.ByunYoung-JinchairstheSongdorealestateassociationandstartedsellingpropertyherewhenthefirstphaseofthecityopenedin2005.Hesaysdemandhasboomedinthepastcoupleofyears.MostofhisclientsareKorean.Infact,thedevelopersays,99percentofthehomesherearesoldtoKoreans.Youngfamiliesmoveherebecausetheschoolsaregreat.Andthat’stheproblem:SongdohasbecomeapopularKoreancitymorepopularasaresidentialareathanabusinessone.It’snotyetthefuturisticinternationalbusinesshubthatplannersimagined.“It’sagreatplacetolive.Andit’sbecomingagreatplacetowork,”saysScottSummers,vicepresidentofGaleInternational,thedeveloperofthecity.Thefloor-to-ceilingwindowsofhiscompany’sofficesoverlookSongdoCentralPark,withacanalfullofsmallboatsandpeoplefishing.Shimmering(闪烁的）glasstowerslinethecanal’sedge.“What’shappenedisthatourfocusoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirsthasenabledtheresidentstolivehere,”Summerssays.Butthereneedstobestrongeconomicincentivesforcompaniestolocatehere.Thecityisstillunfinished,anditfeelsabitlikeathemepark.Itdoesn’tfeelallthatfuturistic.There’sahigh-techundergroundtrashdisposalsystem.Buildingsareenvironmentallyfriendly.Everybody’stelevisionsetisconnectedtoasystemthatstreamspersonalizedlanguageorexerciseclasses.[H]ButthisisnotStarTrek.Andtosomeoftheresidents,Songdofeelshollow.“I’m,like,inprisonforweekdays.That’swhatwecallitintheworkplace,”saysawomaninher20s.Shedoesn’twanttousehernameforfearofbeingfiredfromherjob.ShegoesbacktoSeouleveryweekend.“IsayI’mprison-breakingonFridaynights.”Butshehastomaketheprisonbreakinherowncar.There’snohigh-speedtrainconnectingSongdotoSeoul,justover20milesaway.[I]ParkYeonSoo,themanwhofirstimaginedSongdo,feelsfrustrated,too.HesayshebuiltSouthKoreaaluxuryvehicle,“likeMercedesorBMW.It’sagoodcarnow.Butwe’rewaitingforagooddrivertoaccelerate.”Buttherearelotsofothergoodcarsoutthere,too.Theworldisdottedwithfuturistic,high-techcitiestryingtoattractthebiggestinternationalcompanies.Songdo’sbackerscontendthatit’sstillearly,andbusinessspaceisfillingup—about70percentoffinishedofficesarenowoccupied.BrentRyan,whoteachesurbandesignatMIT,saysSongdoprovesauniversalprinciple.“Therehavebeenalotofutopian(乌托邦的）citiesinhistory.Andthereasonwedon’tknowaboutalotofthemisthattheyhavevanishedentirely.”Inotherwords,whenitcomestocities—oranythingelse—itishardtopredictthefuture.Songdo’spopularityliesmoreinitsqualityoflifethanitsbusinessattraction.ThemanwhoconceivedSongdofeelsdisappointedbecauseithasfallenshortofhisexpectations.AsceneinapopularSouthKoreanmusicvideowasshotinSongdo.Songdostilllacksthefinancialstimulusforbusinessestosetupshopthere.Airplaneswillincreasinglybecomethechiefmeansoftransportation,accordingtoaprofessor.Songdohasendedupdifferentfromthecityitwassupposedtobe.SomeofthepeoplewhoworkinSongdocomplainaboutboredomintheworkplace.Abusinessprofessorsaysthatafuturecityshouldhaveeasyaccesstointernationaltransportation.Accordingtoanurbandesignprofessor,itisdifficultforcitydesignerstoforeseewhatwillhappeninthefuture.ParkYeonSoo,whoenvisionedSongdo,feelsaparentalconnectionwiththecity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefifthlargestcityintheUSpassedasignificantsodataxproposalthatwilllevy(征税)1.5centsperliquidounceondistributors.Philadelphia’snewmeasurewasapprovedbya13to4citycouncilvote.Itsetsanewbarforsimilarinitiativesacrossthecountry.Itisproofthattaxesonsugarydrinkscanwinsubstantialsupportoutsidesuper­liberalareas.Untilnow,theonlycitytosuccessfullypassandimplementasodataxwasBerkeley,California,in2014.Thetaxwillapplytoregularanddietsodas,aswellasotherdrinkswithaddedsugar,suchasGatoradeandicedteas.It’sexpectedtoraise$410millionoverthenextfiveyears,mostofwhichwillgotowardfundingauniversalprekindergartenprogramforthecity.Whilethecitycouncilvotewasmetwithapplauseinsidethecouncilroom,opponentstothemeasure,includingsodalobbyists,madesharpcriticismsandapromisetochallengethetaxincourt.“Thetaxpassedtodayunfairlysinglesoutbeverages—includinglow-andno-caloriechoices,”saidLaurenKane,spokeswomanfortheAmericanBeverageAssociation.“Butmostimportantly,itisagainstthelaw.SowewillsidewiththemajorityofthepeopleofPhiladelphiawhoopposethistaxandtakelegalactiontostopit.”Anindustry-backedanti-taxcampaignhasspentatleast$4milliononadvertisements.Theadscriticizedthemeasure,characterizingitasa“grocerytax.”PublichealthgroupsapplaudedtheapprovedtaxasasteptowardfixingcertainlastinghealthissuesthatplagueAmericans.“Themovetorecaptureasmallpartoftheprofitsfromanindustrythatpushesaproductthatcontributestodiabetes,obesityandheartdiseaseinpoorercommunitiesinordertoreinvestinthosecommunitieswillsurebeinspirationaltomanyotherplaces,”saidJimKrieger,executivedirectorofHealthyFoodAmerica.“Indeed,wearealreadyhearingfromsomeofthem.It’snot‘justBerkeley’anymore.”SimilarmeasuresinCalifornia’sAlbany,Oakland,SanFranciscoandColorado’sBoulderarebecominghotbuttonissues.Healthadvocacygroupshavehintedthatevenmoremightbecoming.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenewly-approvedsodataxinPhiladelphia?A)Itwillchangethelifestyleofmanyconsumers.B)ItmayencourageotherUScitiestofollowsuit.C)Itwillcutsodaconsumptionamonglow-incomecommunities.D)Itmayinfluencethemarketingstrategiesofthesodabusiness.47.Whatwilltheopponentsprobablydotorespondtothesodataxproposal?A)Bargainwiththecitycouncil.B)Refusetopayadditionaltax.C)Takelegalactionagainstit.D)Trytowinpublicsupport.48.Whatdidtheindustry-backedanti-taxcampaigndoaboutthesodataxproposal?A)Ittriedtoarousehostilefeelingsamongconsumers.B)Ittriedtowingrocers’supportagainstthemeasure.C)Itkeptsendinglettersofprotesttothemedia.D)Itcriticizedthemeasurethroughadvertising.49.Whatdidpublichealthgroupsthinkthesodataxwoulddo?A)Alertpeopletotheriskofsugarinduceddiseases.B)Helppeopletofixcertainlong-timehealthissues.C)Addtothefundfortheirresearchondiseases.D)Benefitlow-incomepeopleacrossthecountry.50.Whatdowelearnaboutsimilarmeasuresconcerningthesodataxinsomeothercities?A)Theyarebecomingrathersensitiveissues.B)Theyarespreadingpanicinthesodaindustry.C)Theyarereducingtheincidenceofsugar-induceddiseases.D)Theyaretakingawayalotofprofitfromthesodaindustry.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope’sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status”items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecade.AstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofCO2—themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange—ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,”saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehaviour.Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncars.ThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensintheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastanda