2025届高考英语二轮复习：核心词汇复习学案

2025届高考核心词汇复习（知识清单+练习）一、单词详解1.chain[tʃeɪn]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:链条，一连串（3）例句:Thecompanyhasachainofstoresacrossthecountry.(这家公司在全国各地都设有连锁店。)（4）同义词:series,sequence,succession（5）搭配:achainofevents(一连串事件)foodchain(食物链)supplychain(供应链)（6）拓展词组:chainreaction(连锁反应)chainsmoker(连续抽烟的人)inchains(被囚禁)（7）易错点点拨:注意不要与"change"（改变）混淆。（8）近似词辨析:chain指由一系列环状物连接而成的链条。change指改变，变化。2.chairman['tʃeəmən]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:主席（3）例句:Thechairmanannouncedthemeetingopen.(主席宣布会议开始。)（4）同义词:chairperson,president,head（5）搭配:chairmanoftheboard(董事长)vicechairman(副主席)（6）拓展词组:takethechair(担任主席)addressthechair(向主席发言)（7）易错点点拨:注意区分chairman和chairwoman的区别,前者可以指男性或女性，而后者专指女性。chairperson是一个更中性的词，可以指任何性别的主席。3.chalk[tʃɔːk]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:粉笔（3）例句:Theteacherwroteontheblackboardwithapieceofchalk.(老师用粉笔在黑板上写字。)（4）搭配:astickofchalk(一支粉笔)colouredchalk(彩色粉笔)chalkdust(粉笔灰)（5）拓展词组:asdifferentaschalkandcheese(截然不同)（6）易错点点拨:注意与"choke"（窒息）区分。4.challenge['tʃælɪnʤ]（1）词性:名词:挑战动词:向...挑战（2）中文释义:挑战，向…挑战（3）例句:Hefacesthechallengeofrebuildingtheteam.(他面临着重建团队的挑战。)Ichallengeyoutoagameofchess.(我向你挑战下棋。)（4）同义词:(n.)test,dare,(v.)defy,question（5）反义词:(n.)opportunity（6）搭配:faceachallenge(面对挑战)aseriouschallenge(严峻的挑战)（7）拓展词组:challengesbtosth(向某人挑战某事)risetothechallenge(迎接挑战)5.change[tʃeɪnʤ]（1）词性:动词:改变名词:改变（2）中文释义:改变（3）例句:Thecompanyhaschangeditsname.(这家公司改名了。)Therehasbeenachangeinplans.(计划有变。)（4）同义词:(v.)alter,modify,transform,(n.)alteration,modification（5）反义词:(v.)remain,stay（6）搭配:changeone'smind(改变主意)achangeofscenery(换个环境)makeachange(做改变)（6）拓展词组:changeforthebetter/worse(变好/变坏)（7）易错点点拨:注意动词形式的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化:changed,changed。6.channel['tʃænl]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:频道，海峡（3）例句:What'syourfavoriteTVchannel?(你最喜欢的电视频道是什么？)TheEnglishChannelseparatesEnglandandFrance.(英吉利海峡把英国和法国隔开。)（4）同义词:(频道)station,network（5）搭配:televisionchannel(电视频道)newschannel(新闻频道)switchchannels(换频道)7.chapter['tʃæptə]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:章，回（3）例句:Thenovelhas20chapters.(这本小说有20章。)（4）同义词:section,part,episode（5）搭配:thenextchapter(下一章)anewchapterinone'slife(人生的新篇章)8.character['kærɪktə]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:性格，人物（3）例句:Heisamanofgoodcharacter.(他是一个品行端正的人。)Sheplayedthemaincharacterintheplay.(她在剧中扮演主角。)（4）同义词:(性格)personality,nature,(人物)figure,role（5）搭配:strongcharacter(坚强的性格)fictionalcharacter(虚构的人物)（6）拓展词组:outofcharacter(不符合性格)9.charge①[tʃɑːʤ]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:价格，费用（3）例句:Thereisnochargeforparking.(停车免费。)What'sthechargeforasingleroom?(单人房多少钱？)（4）同义词:price,cost,fee,fare（5）搭配:asmallcharge(少量的费用)inchargeof(负责)freeofcharge(免费)（6）拓展词组:takecharge(负责)（7）易错点点拨:注意"charge"作为名词时有多种含义，要根据上下文判断。注意区分"inchargeof"(负责)和"inthechargeof"(由...负责)。10.charge②[tʃɑːʤ]（1）词性:动词（2）中文释义:索价，控告（3）例句:Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?(理发多少钱？)Hewaschargedwiththeft.(他被指控盗窃。)（4）同义词:(索价)ask,bill,(控告)accuse（5）搭配:chargesbforsth(因某事向某人收费)chargesbwithsth(指控某人某事)（6）易错点点拨:"charge"后面接控告的罪名时要用介词"with"。11.chart[tʃɑːt]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:图表（3）例句:Thechartshowsthecompany'sprofitsoverthepastyear.(图表显示了公司过去一年的利润。)（4）同义词:graph,diagram,table（5）搭配:abarchart(条形图)apiechart(饼状图)aflowchart(流程图)12.chat[tʃæt]（1）词性:名词:聊天动词:聊天（2）中文释义:聊天（3）例句:Wehadalongchataboutthegoodolddays.(我们聊了很久以前的美好时光。)Wechattedforhoursonthephone.(我们打了几个小时的电话。)（4）同义词:(n.)conversation,talk(v.)talk,converse（5）搭配:haveachatwith(与...聊天)onlinechat(在线聊天)13.cheat[tʃiːt]（1）词性:动词:欺骗动词:作弊（2）中文释义:欺骗，作弊（3）例句:Hecheatedontheexam.(他考试作弊。)Shecheatedhimoutofhislifesavings.(她骗走了他所有的积蓄。)（4）同义词:deceive,trick（5）搭配:cheaton(对…不忠)cheatat(作弊)14.check[tʃek]（1）词性:动词:检查，核对名词:检查，核对（2）中文释义:检查，核对（3）例句:Ineedtocheckmyemail.(我需要查看我的电子邮件。)CanIhavethecheck,please?(请结账。)（4）同义词:(v.)examine,verify,(n.)inspection,examination（5）搭配:checkin(登记入住)checkout(结账离开)checkupon(查看)15.cheer[tʃɪə]（1）词性:动词:使振奋动词:向…欢呼动词:欢呼（2）中文释义:使振奋，向…欢呼，欢呼（3）例句:Thegoodnewscheeredherup.(好消息让她高兴起来。)Thecrowdcheeredastheplayersranontothefield.(球员跑上球场时，观众们欢呼起来。)（4）同义词:(使振奋)encourage,comfort,(欢呼)applaud（5）搭配:cheersbup(使某人高兴起来)（6）拓展词组:Cheers!(干杯!)16.chemistry['kemɪstri]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:化学（3）例句:Shestudiedchemistryincollege.(她在大学学习化学。)（4）搭配:organicchemistry(有机化学)inorganicchemistry(无机化学)physicalchemistry(物理化学)17.chest[tʃest]（1）词性:名词（2）中文释义:胸，胸膛（3）例句:Hefeltasharppaininhischest.(他感到胸口一阵剧痛。)（4）同义词:thorax（5）搭配:chestpain(胸痛)ahairychest(毛茸茸的胸部)（6）拓展词组:getsthoffone'schest(说出心里话，吐露心事)treasurechest(宝箱)二、练习（一）语法填空Wearingahelmetwhileridingabicycleisimportanttopreventheadinjuriesincaseofafall.It'slikehavingaprotective______aroundyourskull.Theweatherforecast_______usabouttheapproachingtyphoon,urgingresidentstotakenecessaryprecautions.Teachersoftenusecolorful_______onblackboardstomaketheirlessonsmorevisuallyappealingandengagingforstudents.Learninganewlanguagecanbequitea______atfirst,butwithperseveranceandpractice,itbecomeseasierovertime.Theinventionoftheinternethasbroughtaboutsignificant_______inthewaypeoplecommunicateandaccessinformation.Televisionnews_______oftenhavereportersstationedinvariouspartsoftheworldtoprovidelivecoverageofimportantevents.Thefirst______ofanoveloftenintroducesthemaincharactersandsetsthestageforthestory'splot.The_______youplayinaplayorafilmistherolethatyouareportrayingasanactor,andit'sessentialtoembodythetraitsandmotivationsofthatcharacterconvincingly.Entrancetothemuseumisfreeof______onSundays,encouragingmorepeopletovisitandappreciatetheexhibits.Thepolice______thesuspectwithrobberyandassault,leadingtoatrialtodeterminehisguiltorinnocence.Thesalesdepartmentusesvarious______,suchasbargraphsandpiecharts,tovisuallyrepresentdataandtrendstotheirclients.Ihadapleasant______withmynewneighbor,duringwhichwetalkedaboutourfamiliesandinterests.Onlinegamingplatformshavemeasuresinplacetodetectandpreventplayersfromusingexploitsorhacksto______.Beforetraveling,it'salwaysadvisableto______yourpassport'svaliditytoavoidanyissuesatimmigration.Thecrowd_______wildlyasthehometeamscoredalast-minutewinninggoal,fillingthestadiumwithanelectrifyingatmosphereofexcitement.______isabranchofsciencethatexploresthepropertiesandinteractionsofmatter,ofteninvolvingexperimentswithvarioussubstances.Hetookadeepbreath,fillinghis_______withair,beforedivingintotheswimmingpool.（二）单句改错Theoldmanworeastrawhattoprotecthimfromthesun.Passengersontheplanewerewarningaboutturbulenceduringtheflight.Childrenlovetousedifferentcolorchalkstodrawandcoloronpavementsandsidewalks.Participatinginamarathonraceischallenging,requiringalotofphysicalandmentalendurance.Despitefacingnumerouschallengesinhislife,heneverlosthopeorstoppedbelievinginhisdreams.Newschannelbroadcastavarietyofprograms,includingnews,documentaries,andtalkshows.Asachild,Ilovedreadingadventurebooks,andIwouldoftenimaginemyselfastheheroineverychapterIfinished.Inliterature,it'scommontoencountercharacterswithcomplexpersonalitiesandmotivations.Therestaurantchargedusextraforthebottleofwater,whichseemedabitunreasonable.Hewaschargedforstealingfromthesupermarketandhadtoappearincourt.Weatherchartscanhelppredictfutureweatherpatternsbyanalyzingatmosphericconditions.Onlinechatsplatformsprovidespacesforpeopletointeractvirtuallyandshareideas.Studentswhocheatonexamsnotonlyunderminetheirowneducationbutalsodisrespectthevalueofacademicintegrity.Afterwritinganessay,it'scrucialtocarefullycheckingforanyspellingorgrammarmistakes.Theheartwarmingstoryoftherescueddogcheeringeveryoneup,restoringourfaithinhumanity.Basicunderstandingofchemistriesisessentialforcomprehendingmanybiologicalprocessesandnaturalphenomena.Sheclutchedherchest,herheartpounding,asshewitnessedthecaraccidentunfoldbeforehereyes.（三）选词填空chain,chairman,chalk,challenge,change,channel,chapter,character,charge,charge,chart,chat,cheat,check,cheer,chemistry,chestHealwayskeptadictionaryonhisdeskto________thespellingofwordshewasunsureof.Winningthenationalchampionshipwasnoeasyfeat;itrequiredatremendousamountofteamworkanddedicationtoovercomeevery_______theyencounteredthroughoutthetournament.Globalwarmingandclimate________aresignificantconcernsthatrequirecollectiveactionfromnationsworldwidetomitigatetheireffects.Thecompany'sCEO,actingasthe_______oftheboard,presidedoverthemeetingandguidedthediscussiononstrategicplanningforthenextquarter.Heboughtasmallnotebooktokeeptrackofhisexpensesand_______everythinghepurchasedthroughoutthemonth.Thechildrenusedcolored_______todrawhopscotchgridsontheplayground.Communicationiskeyinanyrelationship;makeaneffortto______withyourpartneraboutyourfeelingsandconcernsopenlyandhonestly.Please________yourbagscarefullytoensureyouhaven'tleftanybelongingsbehindbeforeleavingthetrain.Theydecidedtoendtheirbusinesspartnership,realizingitwastimefora_______topursuedifferentopportunities.Aftertheearthquake,rescuersworkedtirelesslytoremovetherubbleanddebris,hopingtofindsurvivorstrappedbeneath.Theentirecommunityunitedtosupporteachotherthroughthischallenging_______intheirlives.Despitethelanguagebarrier,theymanagedtocommunicatethroughgesturesandfacialexpressions,theirsharedlaughterbridgingthegapwherewordsfailed.Itjustgoestoshowthathumorcan_______peopleupeveninthemostunexpectedcircumstances.Heaccidentallystumbleduponahidden_______inthelibrarycontainingancientmapsandhistoricalartifacts,makinghimfeellikeanexplorerdiscoveringtreasuresfromabygoneera.Buildingastrongfoundationoftrustandhonestyiscrucialforanyrelationship.________canseverelydamagethebondbetweenindividuals.Theysailedtheirboatdownthenarrow_______,surroundedbytoweringcliffscoveredinlushgreenery.Thedevelopmentoftheinternethassignificantlyalteredthemedialandscape,creatingawidearrayofdigital______andplatformsforconsumingnewsandentertainment.Herdreamistobecomeamarinebiologistandstudythefascinatingcreaturesthatinhabittheworld'soceans,combiningherloveforbiologyand______withherpassionforthesea.Afteralongday,shesankintoacomfortablearmchair,relievedtofinallygettheday'sworriesoffher______andrelax.（四）将下列句子翻译成英语这条项链是由金银制成的。（chain）我们的班长工作勤奋，学习努力。（chairman）这位老师用彩色粉笔在黑板上画了一幅美丽的图画。（chalk）攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一项艰巨的挑战。(challenge)这些年来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。（change）请把电视调到体育频道，我想看足球比赛。（channel）我喜欢这本书的第一章，因为它非常精彩。(chapter)她是一个性格开朗活泼的女孩，有很多朋友。（character）这家酒店的收费很贵，但服务很好。（charge）他被指控犯有盗窃罪，目前正在接受警方的调查。(charge)这张图表显示了过去五年来该公司的利润增长情况。(chart)昨天我和我的朋友聊天聊到很晚。(chat)在考试中作弊是不诚实的行为。(cheat)在你离开房间之前，请检查一下是否关了所有的灯。(check)听到这个好消息，我们都很高兴。（cheer）我对化学很感兴趣，因为它能解释很多自然现象。(chemistry)他的胸部受伤很严重，需要立即进行手术。（chest）（五）阅读Passage1Theannualschoolcharityauctionwasalwaysahighlyanticipatedevent.Thisyear,thebuzzaroundtheeventwasevengreaterthanusual.Thestudentcouncil,ledbytheircharismaticchairman,decidedtoshakethingsup.Insteadofthetypicalauctionofdonateditems,theyannounceda"SkillsandTalentsChallenge."Studentsandteachersalikewereencouragedtocharttheiruniqueskillsandofferthemupforbidding.Thechalkboardinthecafeteria,usuallyfilledwithlunchmenus,wasnowoverflowingwithintriguingoffers.Mrs.Thompson,thebelovedEnglishteacher,wasauctioningoffanafternoonteapartywhereshewoulddiscussclassicliterature.Thecaptainofthefootballteamofferedaone-on-onetrainingsession.Eventheshyeststudent,Emily,surprisedeveryonebyofferingtosketchapersonalizedportrait.Theresponsewasphenomenal.Theeventwaspacked,withstudentsandteacherseagerlybiddingontheirchosen