Unit4AGlimpseoftheFutureUsinglanguage课件高二下学期英语选择性

Unit

4

A

glimpse

of

the

futureSection

Ⅲ

Using

language主谓一致（2）Ⅰ.观察感悟1....50

per

cent

of

my

time

was

spent

researching

new

restaurants.2....almost

50

per

cent

of

US

jobs

are

at

risk

from

automation

in

the

next

20

years.3.A

large

number

of

clients

have

been

attracted

to

it.4.Every

recommendation

she

gives

me

is

great...5....none

of

us

is

prepared

for

the

challenges

of

AI.（1）观察句1、句2和句3可知，当主语被分数（百分数）、表示量的词汇等修饰时，谓语动词的单复数要依据主语本身进行判断。如果主语本身是不可数名词，如my

time，则谓语动词要用单数形式；如果主语是可数名词复数，则谓语动词要用复数形式。（2）观察句4可知，当主语被不定代词修饰或主语本身是不定代词时，谓语动词的形式要根据主语加上修饰语后整体表达的意义来判断。（3）观察句5可知，当none作主语或主语被none修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数______形式。Ⅱ.要点精析

主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数等方面的一致。当主语是不定代词或含有修饰语时，谓语动词的形式要依据主语所表达的单、复数概念而定，而不仅仅是取决于简单的外在形式。这里列举一些特别需要注意的情况：1.表示时间、价格、重量、数目、长度、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Two

months

is

a

long

holiday.两个月是一个长假。Twenty

pounds

isn't

so

heavy.20磅并不太重。Five

minus

four

is

one.5减4等于1。2.主语被分数（百分数）修饰时，谓语动词的形式要依据主语本身来判断。Two

thirds

of

his

income

has

been

spent

on

books.他三分之二的收入都花在买书上了。Forty

percent

of

the

books

in

that

library

are

donated

by

her.那个图书馆40%的书都是由她捐赠的。3.“a

number

of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数;“the

number

of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。A

number

of

new

products

have

been

successfully

produced

in

recent

years.近几年已经有许多新产品成功地被生产出来。The

number

of

people

taking

exercise

is

on

the

increase.锻炼的人数在增加。4.主语为all、most、some、enough、half

或被其所修饰时，谓语动词要遵循意义一致原则，即其单复数要根据主语的意义来确定。Most

of

the

students

are

taking

an

active

part

in

sports.大部分学生都在积极参加体育运动。All

have

gone

home.大家都回家了。5.不定代词somebody、someone、everyone、something、anybody、anything、everybody、everyone、everything、nobody、no

one、nothing作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Is

everyone

here

today？今天大家到齐了吗？Something

is

wrong

with

him.他有点不对劲。Nobody

was

in.没有人在家。6.主语被each、either、neither、another、the

other修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Each

of

them

has

an

English

dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neither

answer

is

correct.两个答案都不正确。7.当none作主语或主语被none修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果主语为可数名词复数，在非正式表达中，谓语动词也可用复数形式。None

of

the

money

is

mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。None

of

the

boys

like/likes

this

book.没有男孩子喜欢这本书。8.“many

a+单数名词”作主语时，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语动词要用单数形式。Many

a

student

has

been

to

Shanghai.许多学生去过上海。9.“more

than

one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。More

than

one

student

has

ever

been

to

Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。10.主语是“each/every+单数名词+and

（each/every）+单数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each

boy

and

（each）

girl

has

got

a

seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。11.当主语后面有with、together

with、along

with、as

well

as、besides、except、but、like这类词引导的短语时，谓语动词不受这些短语的影响，仍然与主语保持一致。Mike

with

his

father

has

been

to

England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,

like

his

brother,

enjoys

playing

football.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。The

students

as

well

as

the

teacher

were

present

at

the

meeting.学生们及老师出席了会议。12.由both...and...连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、not

only...but

also...、not...but...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近一致原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。Either

my

wife

or

I

am

going.不是我的妻子就是我要去。Neither

you,

nor

I,

nor

anyone

else

knowsthe

answer.你、我和其他任何人都不知道答案。Not

only

you

but

also

he

is

ready

to

leave.不仅你，而且他也准备离开。13.在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。在“one

of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；在“the

only

one

of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。Mr

Smith,

who

is

now

downstairs,

is

asking

to

see

you.史密斯先生现在就在楼下，他要见你。He

is

one

of

the

students

in

our

class

who

are

often

late.他是我们班里经常迟到的学生之一。He

is

the

only

one

of

the

students

in

our

class

who

is

often

late.他是我们班里唯一一个经常迟到的学生。14.从句、不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。When

the

meeting

will

be

held

has

not

been

decided

yet.会议什么时候举行还没有决定。Reading

in

the

sun

does

harm

to

our

eyes.在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。Ⅲ.实战演练单句语法填空1.

The

number

of

students

in

that

school

____（have）

greatly

increased

in

recent

years.has2.

Fifty

dollars

___（be）

too

expensive

for

the

pen

and

you

should

think

about

it

carefully.is3.

About

70

per

cent

of

the

earth's

surface

___（be）

covered

with

water.is4.

All

of

the

information

___（be）

very

important.is5.

E-mail,

as

well

as

telephones,

___（be）

playing

a

more

and

more

important

part

in

daily

communication.is6.

About

one-third

of

the

books

in

the

library

____（be）

donated

by

students

who

graduated

from

the

school.are7.

Every

boy

and

every

girl

____（have）

a

dictionary

now.has8.

We

have

three

sons

but

none

of

them

_________（live）

nearby.lives/live9.

Nobody

but

two

students___（be）

in

the

classroom.is10.

What

amazes

me

___（be）

that

he

has

made

such

great

progress

in

such

a

short

time.is完成句子1.

今晚不是珍妮就是这些女孩们要准备午餐。Either

Jenny

or

the

girls

_________________________

tonight.are

going

to

prepare

lunch2.

他和我周日都不用去上学。_____________________

to

go

to

school

on

Sundays.Neither

he

nor

I

have3.

20千米对于他们来说太多了。20

kilometres

____________

for

them.is

too

much4.

不仅吉姆喜欢看足球比赛，而且他的父母也喜欢。______________________________________fond

of

watching

football

games.Not

only

Jim

but

（also）

his

parents

are5.

在冬天的每个周日下午，格林先生和他的三个孩子都要去滑冰。Mr.

Green,

as

well

as

his

three

children,

_________________________________

in

winter.goes

skating

every

Sunday

afternoon6.

早睡早起是一个好习惯。To

go

to

bed

early

and

to

rise

early

_______________.is

a

good

habit语篇填空

My

family

1.____（be）

all

music

lovers.

Not

only

I

but

also

my

parents

2.____（be）

keen

on

music.

Recently,

a

large

number

of

people

3.____（be）

crazy

about

a

TV

program.

It

is

one

of

the

reality

shows

which

4._______（appeal）

to

a

wide

audience.

In

each

episode

of

the

program,

several

talented

singers

perform

for

the

jury（评委会）

who

5.______（vote）

to

eliminate（淘汰）

one

singer

after

each

performance.

Specifically,

each

judge

6.________（choose）

three

singers

who

they

think

are

the

best

performers

and

all

but

one

of

the

singers

7.____（be）

qualified

for

the

next

show.

This

show

is

so

popular

that

many

a

singer

8._______（dream）

of

joining

in

it.

So

far

several

seasons

of

it

9._______________（hold）,

and

I,

together

with

my

parents

10.____（be）

looking

forward

to

the

new

season.areareareappealvoteschoosesaredreamshave

been

heldam1

assess

v.评价，评定情境佳句①Frankly

speaking,

examinations

are

not

the

only

means

of

assessing

a

person's

ability.坦率地讲，考试不是评价一个人能力的唯一方法。②The

hurricane

swept

across

the

south-eastern

coast

of

the

country

last

week

and

damage

was

assessed

at

ten

million

dollars.上周，飓风横扫了这个国家的东南海岸，造成的损失估计为1,000万美元。③The

tests

are

supposed

to

provide

a

basis

for

the

assessment

of

children.这些测试应该为评估儿童提供一个基础。归纳拓展（1）assess...as...把……评定为……assess

sth.

at...估算某物的数量/价值为……（2）assessment

n.评估；评定make

an

assessment

of对……做出评估学以致用［单句语法填空/完成句子］①

Her

financial

needs_____________（assess）

at

＄800

a

week.were

assessed②

The___________（assess）

of

the

course

involves

written

assignments

and

practical

tests.assessment③

The

loss

caused

by

drought

in

this

area

was

assessed

___

＄1.25

million.at④

该测试将评估能力而不是学业成绩。The

test

is

to

__________________________________________.assess

ability

rather

than

academic

achievement2

bound

adj.可能的；有义务的；受约束的情境佳句①Some

of

these

ideas

may

sound

far

ahead

of

their

time,

but

I'm

sure

they're

bound

to

happen

sooner

or

later!（教材原句）其中一些想法可能听起来很超前，但我相信它们迟早会发生!②That

policeman

is

bound

by

law

to

report

the

accident.按照法律规定，那位警察有义务报告那起事故。③We

are

bound

for

Beijing

to

attend

his

marriage

ceremony

next

week.我们准备下个星期去北京参加他的婚礼。归纳拓展be

bound

to

do

sth.很可能会做某事；肯定会做某事be

bound

by

sth.

to

do

sth.受（法律、义务或情况）约束必须做某事;有义务做某事be

bound

for...准备前往……联想表示“可能会做某事”的短语还有：be

likely

to

do

sth.学以致用［单句语法填空/完成句子］①

You

are

bound________（pass）

the

exam

if

you

study

hard.to

pass②

He

told

me

the

ship

was

bound

____

Italy.for③

Hospital

patients

who

see

tree

branches

out

their

window

are

likely

__________（recover）

at

a

faster

rate.to

recover④

只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。So

long

as

we

hold

on

to

our

dream

and

never

give

up,

______________________________.we

are

bound

to

achieve

success3

demand

n.需要，需求

v.强烈要求；需要情境佳句①Peace

and

stability

are

in

great

demand

in

some

areas

in

that

country.那个国家的某些地区迫切需要和平与稳定。②These