高中英语Unit3Computers课时作业必

Unit3Computers

-------------------话题诵读日积月累-------------------

【导语】万维网的出现彻底改变了世界，创造了大量的财富并从根本上改变了人们的

生活方式。而它的创始人英国计算机科学家蒂姆•伯纳斯•李对于自己这一成果的现状并不

满意。一起去了解一下这位“万维网之父”吧！

MostpeoplehaveneverheardofTimBerners-Lee.Heisnotnearlyasrichor

famousasMarcAndreessen,whoisthefounderofNetscape,orBillGates,whose

namehasbecomeawell-knownword.

Berners-Lee,whoworksinasmallofficeattheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology,isthecreatoroftheWorldWideWeb.ThecreationoftheWebisso

importantthatsomepeoplecompareBerners-LeetoJohannGutenberg,whoinvented

printingbymovabletype（活字）inthefifteenthcentury.

Berners-LeewasborninEnglandin1955.Hisparents,whohelpeddesignthe

world*sfirstcommerciallyavailablecomputer,gavehimagreatloveofmathematics

andlearning.

In1980,Berners-LeewenttoworkatCERN,aphysicslaboratoryinGeneva,

Switzerland,wherehehadalotofmaterialtolearnquickly.Hehadapoormemory

forfactsandwantedtofindawaytohelphimkeeptrackofthings„

hecouldn，tremember.Heinventedasoftwareprogrammethatallowedhimtocreate

adocumentthathadlinkstootherdocuments.Hecontinuedtodevelophisideathrough

the1980s.Hewantedtofindawaytoconnecttheknowledgeandcreativityofpeople

allovertheworld.

In1991,hisprojectbecameknownastheWorldWideWeb.ThenumberofInternet

usersstartedtogrowquickly.However,Berners-Leeisnotcompletelyhappywith

thewaytheWebhasdeveloped.Hethinksithasbecomeapassivetoolforsomany

people,notthetoolforcreativitythathehadimagined.

【词海拾贝】

1.creatorn.创造者

2.commerciallyadv.商业地

3.trackn.轨道

4.softwaren.软件

5.passivea”被动的；消极的

【问题思考】

阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。

1.TimBerners-LeeisthefounderofNetscape.()

2.TimBerners—LeewasanEnglishmanandgotalotofhelpfromhis

parents.()

3.TheWorldWideWebbecamefamousbuthasnotbeendeve-lopedperfectly.()

答案：1.F2,T3.T

自主预习步步提高

'词汇识记A

I.将单词与其正确释义配对

1.calculateA.简化

2.universalB.完全地；整个地

3.simplifyC.普遍的；通用的：宇宙的

4.logicalD.真实；事实；现实

5.technologyE.人造的；假的

6.artificialF.探索；探测；探究

7.intelligentG.解决；解答

8.solveH.工艺；科技；技术

9.realityI.合逻辑的；合情理的

10.totallyJ.计算

11.applicationK.智能的；聪明的

12.exploreL.应用；用途；申请

答案：l.J2.C3.A4.I5.H6.E7.K8.G9.D10.B11.L12.F

n.根据所给汉语提示写出单词

1.n.目标；目的；球门；（进球）得分

2.V.&〃.发信号；信号

3.匕类型；打字

4.—____“出现；发生

5.—____adj.电子的

答案：1.goal2.signal3.type4.arise5.electronic

m.根据英语释义写出单词

1.n：completechangeinwaysofthinking,working,etc

2.：connectedcomputersystem

3.：anyway

4.：abletobemovedeasilyfromplacetoplace

5.：activityofmanagingmoney

答案:1.revolution2.network3.anyhow4.mobile5.finance

W.选用短语的适当形式完成句子

fromthenon；asaresult；so...that；goby；inaway；incommon；compare...with；

withthehelpof；watchover；dealwith

1.Hardlyaday________whenIdon'tthinkabouther.

2.withmanymothers,shefeelstornbetweenherfamilyandherwork.

3.Wewereseparatedafterthefilm,and________,Ineversawheragain.

4.oursmallapartment,ouruncle，shouseseemedlikeapalace.

5.,itwasoneofourbiggestmistakes.

6.Sheisusedtoallkindsofpeopleinherjob.

7.Theconstructionworkhastostopoftheheavyrain.

8.AllthevillagersweremovedtosafetythePLAmen.

9.Theytookturnstothechildren.

10.________fatwashe_________hecouldn，tgothroughthedoor.

答案:1.goesby2.Incommon3.fromthenon

4.Comparedwith5.Inaway6.dealingwith7.asaresult8.withthehelp

of9.watchover10.Sothat

:语篇理解A

课文表层理解

I.判断正⑴误(F)

1.Althoughthecomputerwasprogrammedbyanoperatorwhousedcardswithholes,

itcouldnot"think"logically.()

2.FirstasalaptopandthenasaPC,thecomputerhasbeenusedinoffices

andhomessincethe1970s.()

3.Thecomputers'memorywasfirststoredontransistors,thenintubesandlater

onverysmallchips.()

4.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforthecomputer.()

5.Theuseofthecomputeristoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.()

答案：l.F2.F3.F4.T5.T

n.读课文，回答问题

1.Inwhatorderisthispassagearranged?(within2words)Intheorderof

答案：time

2.Whoisthespeaker"I"inthepassage?(within2words)

答案：Acomputer.

3.Howdoyouthinkthisarticleiswritteninthefirstperson?(within20words)

答案：Itcanmakethearticlemoreeffectivetounderstandandattractthe

readers.

4.Fillintheblankwiththewordsfromthesecondparagraph,(within5words)

Thecomputer*sshapewasgreatlychangedthememorystoredinsmaller

andsmallerspace.

答案：asaresultof

5.Whydo"I"feelveryhappynowaccordingtothelastpara-graph?(within

15words)

答案：Because"I”「amahelperanddevotedfriendofthehumanrace.

III.读课文完成表格

1642Thecomputerbeganasa1.________machine.

The2.________machinewasbuiltbyCharlesBabbage

1822

anditwasthestartof3.________intelligence.

AlanTuringwroteabooktodescribehowcomputerscouldbemadetoworkas

1936

a4.________machine.

Becauseinformationcanbestoredintubes,oron

1940s

5.________andlateronverysmall6.________,computersbecamesmaller.

Thefirstfamilyofcomputerswas7.________toeachotherbya8.________.

1960s

Computerswereusedinofficesand9.________.

1970s

nowComputers10.________peopleallovertheworldtogether.

答案：1.calculating2.analytical3.artificial4.universal

5.transistors6.chips7.connected8.network

9.homes10.connect

课文深层理解

【.读课文，完成下列各题

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

Thepassageisashort________ofthe________ofcomputers.

答案：historydevelopment

2.Findoutthekeysentenceofeachparagraph：

0_______________________________________________________

②一

③______________________________________________________

答案：①OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealoct.

②Thesechangesonlybecamepossibleasmymemoryimproved.

©Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.

II.单项选择

1.Whatistheoldestcalculatorintheworld?

A.Calculator.B.Abacus.C.PC.

答案：B

2.Whatmightyouusuallyusetoaddmanynumbersupinanexam?

A.PC.B.Hugecomputer.C.Calculator.

答案：C

3.Inourdailylife,whichiswidelyusedtodealwithalargeamountof

information?

A.Robot.B.Laptop.C.Abacus.

答案：B

4.Whatdoyouthinkofthefuturecomputers?

A.Smallerandsmarter.

B.Largerandfaster.

C.Smallerbutslower.

答案：A

5.Ifyouwanttosendalonglettertoyourfriend,thebestwayis.

A.bytelephoneB.byplaneC.bye-majl

。答案:c

III.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语

1.IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwas

builtasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.

答案：我发展非常缓慢，差不多到了两百之后，查尔斯•巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析

机。

2.Bythe1940sIhadgrownaslargeasaroom,andIwonderedifIwouldgrow

anylarger.

答案：到20世纪40代，我有一个房间那么大，我想知道我是否会变得更大。

3.Astimewentby,Iwasmadesmaller.

答案：随着时间的推移，我被制作得更小了。

4.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.

答案：自从20世纪70代开始，人们发现J'我的许多新用途。

5.Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.

答案：不管怎样，我的H标是给人们提供高质量的生活。

-------------------规范写作技法指导-------------------

1方法技巧A

写一篇想象作文

一、想象作文的分类

想象作文可分为两类：一是写自己的设想、追求、愿望、梦境的习作，这类习作往往与

科幻结合在一起。另一类是童话，运用“拟人”手法，把各种动植物、物品想象成“人”，

通过有趣的故事，告诉读者某个道理。

二、写好想象作文需做到以下几点

1.要大胆想象：写想象作文，一定要展开想象的翅膀，大胆想象。

2.想象要合理：想象是以生活为基础的，因此我们写想象作文，一定要从生活实际出

发，展开合理的想象，不能脱离实际。另外，想象要有所节制，要有一定的中心，要为表现

文章的中心思想服务。

3.想象的内容要具体，切忌说空话。

4.要表达自己的真情实感。想象作文是自己对未来的幻想，饱含着自己对美好生活的

热爱和向往。因此，我们在写想象作文时也应该在描写未来的同时表达自己的真情实感。

三、典型句式

1.Peoplewillbecome...inthefuture.

2.Ithink...inthefuturewillbemoreinterestingandwonderful.

3.What...willlooklikeinthefuture?

4.Haveyoueverthoughtabout...inthenext30or50years?

5.Wecanimaginethat...

6.Inaddition,therewillbesupercomputersorrobotswhichcanhelpusdo...

7.Greatchangeswilltakeplaceinthefuture.

8.Ibelievemydreamwillcometruesomeday.

9.Ibelievethisdaywillcometrue.

精品展示A

你校举行科技节，有一项发明很吸引外来参观者的眼球，你作为发明者向参观者介绍你

的发明（护理机器人），请按以下表格内容介绍。

名字RIBA

一只友好的熊(人形机器人会吓坏

机器人形状及原因

病人)

由于社会老龄化.很难找护士.希望

设计背景

机器人能帮助解决此问题

(1)帮助把病人从椅子上抬到床上：

功能(2)能回应简单的口头指令：

(3)能认出同事

你的希望此发明能很快被引进医院

写作要求

1.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

2.词数100左右；

3.注意：开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。

【写作要点】

本文为一篇介绍机器人的想象性作文，属于说明文，介绍机器人的功能时应该条理清楚、

用词准确。

可能用到的表达方式：helpdosth帮助做某事；respondtosimplespokencommands

回应简单的口头指令；assoonaspossible/assoonassbcan尽可能快地。

【范文点评】

范文点评

Ladies-ndgentlemen,

rdliketointroduceyousomethingaboutmy

recentinvejition—arobot,"whosejiamV_i◎RIBA.

本文结构清晰，用词准确，行文

I,designed_the_robot_to_1ooklikeafriendly

连贯紧凑。一些短语、复合句等

bear,③

的使用使文章语言丰富，更具有

since_aR_androiQ_wou1d_sccre_the_patieets.Nowaday

可读性，如①whose引导的非限

s,manyhospitalshavebeen"havingtroublefinding

制性定语从句，②designsthto

nursesandthepopulationgrowsold,soIhoperobots

dosth,③since引导的原因状

wi11"help(to)solvetheproblem.RIBAcannotonly

语从句，④havetroubledoing

helpcarrythepatientsfromthechairtothebed,

sth,⑤help(to)dosth,®

butalso(respondtosimplespokencommandsand

respondto,©assoonas

recognizeco-workers.

possible等

Ihopemyinventionwillbeintroducedto

hospitals"assooasspossible.

Thank_you.

作文仿写A

最近，某英语报纸正在组织一次英语征文活动，邀请读者围绕aScienceandtechnology

ischangingourlifegreatlyw这个话题，谈谈科学技术给我们的日常生活带来的变化。

请你根据图片中的提示写一篇英语短文应征，谈谈你家三代人购物生活的变化，并畅想未来

的购物方式。

注意：词数100左右。

参考词汇：供销社SupplyandMarketingCooperative

网购

答案：

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourwayoflifehasbeenchanging

allthetime.Mygrandmothertoldmesheusuallycoveredalongdistancetoasmall

shopcalledtheSupplyandMarketingCooperativeintowntobuygoods.Later,

supermarketshavebeenopenedinourtown,somymotherwouldliketogoshopping

inasupermarketnearmyhousebecauseitisveryconvenient.

Inrecentyears,onlineshoppinghasbecomepopular.Manyyoungpeoplelikeme

prefertobuywhatwelikeinfrontofthecomputerbecauseitcansaveustimeand

labour.

Ithink,inthefuture,wecandependonourrobotservantstodoshoppingby

tellingthemwhatwewanttobuy.

-------------------课后演练强基提能-------------------

A级基础过关

I.语法填空

在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.Witheverythinghehadmissing,hewas(total)hopelessandkilled

himself.

2.(person),Ithinkthebestpresentisnotnecessarilythemost

expensiveone.

3.Thisisanotherkindofbeautythathasnothingtodowith(appear),

butcomesfromtheheart.

4.SomanypeoplearoundtheworldarelearningorusingEnglish,soitis

consideredasa(universe)language.

5.Hercarbrokedownonherwaytothepark；as____result,shehadto

asksomeonetorepairit.

6.After____,meetingstrangersmeansseeingtheunknown,whichnaturally

makesonefeeluncomfortable.

7.Idon'tknowhowOtodealsuchasituation.

8.thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.

9.Thisissodifficultaproblemfewstudentscananswerit.

10.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms(produce)alloverthe

world.

答案：1.totally2.Personally3.appearance4.universal5.a6.all7.with

8.As9,that10.havebeenproduced

H.完成句子

1.（无论我什么时候看到他），heisreading.

2.Hefounditdifficulttoreadnow,（因为他的视力正

开始下降）.

3.Workhard（当你轻时），oryou'llregret.

4.Writedownwhattheteachersaysinclass（在你未忘记之前）.

5.（随着你长大），you'llknowbetteraboutyourself.

答案：1.WheneverIseehim2.forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail3.when

（youare）young4.beforeyou5.Asyougrowolder

B级能力提升

m.阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Robotsmakemenervous,especiallytheoneswhichseemtothinkforthemselves.

IwasembarrassedtoadmitthistillIheardthatBillGates,thefounderofMicrosoft,

feltthesameway.GatessaidinaninterviewwiththewebsiteReddit,“Iamin

thecampthatisconcernedaboutsuperintelligence.Firstthemachineswilldo

alotofjobsforusandnotbesuperintelligent.Thatshouldbepositiveifwemanage

well.Afewdecadesafterthat,though,theintelligenceisstrongenoughtobea

concern.”

Well,maybeIdon'thavetoworryaboutmylaptopandkitchenappliancesyet.

AfterIusethemIcanalwayspulltheplug.Butinthefuture,machinesmightfind

awaytopreventusfromswitchingthemoff.That,sascarythought!

ProfessorStephenHawkingwarnedafewmonthsagoaboutthepossibilitythat

artificial（人造的）intelligencecouldevolveandendupbeyondhumancontrol.He

suggestedthatmachinescouldaspelltheendofthehumanrace”.

Maybetheproblemwithcomputerstoocleverforusisnotthattheyareevil

orrebellious（反叛的）.Whatcouldputusindangeristhattheymightbetoo

efficient.That'swhatphilosopherNickBostromfromtheFutureofHumanity

InstituteatOxfordUniversitybelieves.Hesaysthatmachinesareindifferentto

humansand,inpursuitoftheirowngoals,thedestructionofpeoplemightbejust

collateral（附带的）damage.Amachinewouldnottakepityonyou.

rmgladmymachinesathomeare“dumb”.Allmyvacuumcleanerwantstotake

overisthecarpetinmylivingroom.Let,shopetheydon'tcreateanappliancewhich

wantstotakeovertheworld!

【语篇解读】现在的机器人越来越智能化，但是有些人，比如作者，还有比尔•盖茨

和霍金，却在担心将来机器人的智商太高，会不受人类控制，进而毁灭人类。

1.WecanconcludefromGates'statementsthat.

A.heisembarrassedthatheisafraidofrobots

B.hedoesn，tthinkmachinesareintelligent

C.machinesshouldbefullyemployed

D.machines'superintelligenceshouldbeaconcern

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句比尔•盖茨说的话"Afewdecadesafterthat,

though,theintelligenceisstrongenoughtobeaconcern.可知，几十之后，机器

人的智力很强大，使我们感到担忧。

答案：D

2.Theunderlinedword“spell“inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.

A.recordB.cause

C.explainD.develop

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“...endupbeyondhumancontrol可知，机

器人可能最终会不及人类控制，故霍金教授觉得将来机器可能会使人类被淘汰。故选cause

表示“导致，引起”。

答案：B

3.WhyarecomputersdangerousaccordingtoNickBostrom?

A.Theyaretooevilandrebellious.

B.Theyareindifferenttohumans.

C.Theyshowpityonhumans.

D.Theyaretoocleverandefficient.

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“Maybetheproblemwithcomputerstoocleverfor

us...Whatcouldputusindangeristhattheymightbetooefficient.可知,机

器人对人可能会有威胁的原因是它太聪明，效率太高，故选D项。

答案：D

4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor?

A.Hedoesn'tagreewithBillGates.

B.Heisnotcontentwiththepresentkitchenappliances.

C.Heisscaredaboutthesuperintelligenceofmachines.

D.Heexpectsthatmachineswilltakeplaceofhumans.

解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的"Robotsmakemenervous...v和第三段中的

“Butinthefuture,machinesmightfindawaytopreventusfromswitchingthem

off.That'sascarythought!”可知,作者对智能机器人有所担心，故选C项。

答案：C

IV.七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

WhenIwasakidmyparentssentmetoasummercampinNewHampshire.1At

campwedidtonsofgreatthingslikeswimming,sports,andarchery,butforme,

themostmemorableexperiencewasanovernighttripofmountainclimbing.Ifyou，ve

everhikedamountain,youknowit'saphysicalchallenge,especiallywhenyou，re

carryingyourfoodandshelteronyourback.2

“Howmuchfurtherisit?”

“Mypackistooheavy.Canyoucarryitforme?”

Thereplyoftheteacherswas,“Suckitup."Thetruthis,thecomplainingcampers

werenowherenearthepointofexhaustion（疲惫）.Iftheyhadbeen,theteachers

wouldhavenoticedthesignsandgiventhemcare.3Oncetheyrealizedthey

weren*tgettinganysympathy（同情）theygotoutofthediscomfort,andinmostcases

endeduphavingagreattime.

4Youcancomplain,oryoucanmakethebestofit.Ifyoucomplain,youmight

feellikeyou，regettingthenegativeenergyout,butyou，reprobablynotgoing

tocauseapositivechange.It'smuchmorelikelythatyourcomplainingwillarouse

thedislikeofthosearoundyou.

Noonelikesacomplainer.Complainingmakeslifeharderforeveryone.立

A.Thesummercampwasinterestingbutfullofcomplaint.

B.Thekidssimplyweren，tusedtothephysicalchallenge.

C.It'snousecomplaininganditcan，tbringuswhatwewant.

D.Thiswasagreatexperienceforme.

E.Therearetwowaystodealwithanunpleasantsituation.

F.Whencampersgottired,theycertainlystartedcomplaining.

G.Weshouldcomplainlessandmakemoreeffort.

答案：l.D2.F3.B4.E5.G

V.完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处

的最佳选项。

Withthedevelopmentoftheinformationtechnology,wehavesteppedintothe

newcentury.People，stopics,especiallytheyoungpeople's,arebecomingmoreand

more1,whicholdermenneverunderstand:theInternetand2life.

Justafewyearsago,people3talkedaboutwhatacomputercoulddo

tohelptheirdailylife.Theyconsidereditasahigh-tech4forprogramming,

todesignmachines,tocontrolrobots,§tomakeA-bombs(原子弹)!Atthat

time,PCswereveryexpensiveanditwasverydearto6one'scomputerto

theweb.What'smore,itwastooslow.So?peopleknewwhattheInternet

reallymeant.

Buttoday,thingshavechangedgreatly.TheInternettimesarecoming.8,

ifyouliketohaveashotatsucceedinginbusinesstoday,youwillhaveto

succeed9theweb.10aroundandit。seemsasifabouteverycompany

outthereisinE-business.

Forordinarypersons,e-mailistakingtheplaceoftraditionalwaysof

11letters.Andyoungpeoplekeepintouchwitheachotherbyconnecting

their12totheweb.Theycanexpresstheir13,eitherhappiness

oranger,sorroworloneliness,totheirwebmatesinchatrooms.Some

havefoundtheiri(truelove“ontheInternet!

Icannot15theInternet/sgreatdevotionstoourdailylifeintheworld

oftomorrow.TheInternetcando16manythingsforusthatwealmostcannot

livewithoutit.Everythingis17inthefuture,andnoonecan18

whatwillexactlyhappenintheyearstoconve.Butonethingis19:more

andmorepeoplewillcometoknowtheInternetandwillsurely20themselves

inhisorherdailylife.

【语篇解读】随着信息技术的发展，互联网给我们的日常生活带来了许多方面的便利。

1.A.interestingB.advanced

C.strangeD.modern

解析：逻辑推理题。通过上一句的“随着信息技术的发展”和其后定语从句的意思“老

一点的人从来不会理解”来看，应该是人们谈论的话题越来越现代(modern)。

答案：D

2.A.schoolB.working

C.everydayD.ordinary

解析：逻辑推理题。通过下文的描述可以看出，本文主要讲述网络和我们的日常

(everyday)生活。

答案：C

3.A.seldomB.sometimes

C.usuallyD.often

解析：逻辑推理题。通过下文的描述可以看出，几前人们很少谈论电脑对II常生活的作

用，认为电脑与日常生活无关。seldom”极少，几乎不”符合文意。

答案：A

4.A.machineB.tool

C.computerD.line

解析：逻辑推理题。人们认为电脑是设计程序的一种高科技工具。由下文中的“to

designmachines”排除A项；C、D两项与语境不符。

答案：B

5.A.evenB.except

C.yetD.still

解析：逻辑推理题。人们认为电脑是设计机器、控制机器人甚至是制造原子弹的工具，

even表示语气的递进。

答案：A

6.A.putB.join

C.tieD