上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题 （解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题ListeningComprehension(略)GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Sora:OpenAlwillnowletyoucreatevideosfromverbalcuesArtificialintelligenceleaderOpenAIintroducedanewAImodelcalledSorawhichitclaimscancreate“realistic”and“imaginative”60-secondvideosfromquicktextinstructions.InablogpostonWednesday,thecompanysaidSoraiscapableofgeneratingvideosupto60secondsinlengthfromtextinstructions,____1____(serve)upsceneswithmultiplecharacters,specifictypesofmotion,anddetailedbackgrounddetails.ThisisthelatesteffortfromthecompanybehindtheviralchatbotChatGPT,____2____continuestopushthegenerativeAImovementforward.____3____“multi-modalmodels”arenotnewandtext-to-videomodelsalreadyexist,whatsetsthisapartisthelengthandaccuracythatOpenAIclaimsSoratohave,accordingtoReeceHayden,asenioranalystatmarketresearchfirmABIResearch.HaydensaidthesetypesofAImodels____4____haveabigimpactondigitalentertainment.Sora____5____(make)availabletoonlinesecurityprofessorssooninordertoassesstheproductforharmsorrisks.Itisalsograntingaccesstoanumberofvisualartists,designersandfilmmakerstocollectfeedbackon____6____creativeprofessionalscoulduseit.Fornow,OpenAIsaidSoraisstillawork____7____progresswithclear“weaknesses,”particularlywhenitcomestospatialdetailsofaprompt-mixingupleftandright-andcauseandeffect.ThelatestupdatecomesasOpenAIcontinuestoadvanceChatGPT.Earlierthisweek,thecompanysaiditistestingafeatureinwhichuserscancontrolChatGPT’smemory,allowingthemtoasktheplatformtorememberchatstomakefutureconversations____8____(personalized)ortellittoforgetsomethingpreviously____9____(discuss).Thecompanyalsosaiditplanstoworkwithateamofexperts_____10_____(test)thelatestmodelandlookcloselyatvariousareasincludingmisinformation,hatefulcontentandprejudice.〖答案〗1.serving2.which3.While/Though/Although4.can5.willbemade6.how7.in8.morepersonalized9.discussed10.totest【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出的AI模型Sora，该模型能根据简短文本指令生成长达60秒的视频，有望深刻影响数字娱乐领域。【1题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，该公司在博客文章中表示，Sora能够根据简短的文字指令生成长达60秒的视频，提供包含多个角色、特定类型的动作和详细背景细节的场景。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词is可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，动词serve“提供”与从句主语Sora之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填serving。【2题详析】考查定语从句。句意：这是风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT背后的公司的最新努力，它继续推动生成人工智能运动向前发展。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词continues，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thecompany，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。【3题详析】考查让步状语从句。句意：ABIResearch的高级分析师ReeceHayden表示，虽然“多模态模型”并不新鲜，文本到视频的模型已经存在，但根据OpenAI声称的Sora的长度和准确性，这使其与众不同。根据句子的谓语动词are和is，以及前后句意的对比转折关系可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用while/though/although引导，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Though/Although。【4题详析】考查情态动词。句意：Hayden说，这类AI模型可能对数字娱乐产生重大影响。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据已有动词原形have及句意可知，空处需填情态动词，表示能力或可能性，应用can，表明这类模型有潜力带来大的影响。故填can。【5题详析】考查时态和语态。句意：Sora将很快提供给在线安全专家，以便他们评估该产品是否存在危害或风险。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据soon可知，句子讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且Sora与make之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填willbemade。【6题详析】考查宾语从句。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放访问，以收集反馈，了解创意专业人士如何使用它。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词coulduse可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词on的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用how引导，说明他们想要了解的是使用方式。故填how。【7题详析】考查介词短语。句意：目前，OpenAI表示Sora仍是一个正在进行中的工作，有明显的“弱点”，特别是在空间细节〖提示〗方面会混淆左右和因果关系。inprogress为固定搭配，意为“正在进行中”。故填in。【8题详析】考查形容词比较级。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前makefutureconversations可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，且与未使用此功能前的情况相比，应用形容词personalized的比较级morepersonalized表示“更加个性化的”。故填morepersonalized。【9题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前的不定代词something和副词previously可知，空处需用discuss的适当形式与previously一起修饰something，something与discuss之间为被动关系，应用过去分词discussed，作后置定语。故填discussed。【10题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司还表示，计划与一个专家团队合作，测试最新模型，并密切关注包括错误信息、恶意内容和偏见在内的各个领域。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词plans可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式，空处表目的，应用不定式形式totest，说明与专家团队合作的目的。故填totest。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.averageB.adaptC.consistingD.persistentE.exactlyF.stuckG.failingH.extremelyI.referredJ.initialK.rangeFromroughlythe16thto19thcenturies,muchoftheEarthwascaughtbyapersistentfreezingcold.Duringthistime,theNorthernHemisphere(半球)experiencedlongstretchesoftemperaturessocoldthatpeoplewitnessedcrops____11____andriversfreezing—liketheScheldtRiver.ThousandsofpeoplewalkingandplayingacrossthefrozenRiverThames;Soldiersonhorsebackseeingships____12____intheice;NativesusingsnowshoestooutsmarttheEnglisharmy…TheseweresomeoftheimagesthatdefinetheLittleIceAge—aperiodofseveralcenturieslastmillenniuminwhichpartsoftheNorthernHemispherestruggledwitha(n)____13____cold.ButwhatcausedtheLittleIceAge,howlongdiditlast,howdidpeople____14____tothefreezingcold—andwhatlessonscanwelearnasweenterourownperiodofclimaticchange?TheLittleIceAgewasnotatrueiceage—____15____coolingwasprobablyonlyintheorderof0.5degreesCelsius,or1degreeFahrenheit—orwasitconsistentlycold.DagomarDegroot,associateprofessorofenvironmentalhistoryatGeorgetownUniversityhas____16____totheeraasaseriesof“littleiceages.”Althoughsomeresearchersargueitmayhavebegunearlier,NASAdefinestheLittleIceAgeasbeginningaround1550and____17____ofthreecoldpeaks-around1650,1770and1850.Scientistsarestillworkingout____18____whatcausedtheLittleIceAgetoo.Theories____19____fromdecreasedsolaractivitytoincreasedvolcaniceruptions,tothedeclineofpopulationsinNorthAmerica,whichallowedforeststoreplaceagriculturalland,intheprocessremovingaboutsevenbilliontonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere.A2022studyarguedthatthe______20______triggerwasactuallyariseofextremelywarmwaterflowingnorthfromthetropicsinthelate1300s,whichpushedArcticiceintotheNorthAtlantic.Whateverthecause,theconsequencesoftheLittleIceAgehavealastingeffectonhistory,althoughtowhatextentisstillcontroversial.〖答案〗11.G12.F13.H14.B15.D16.I17.C18.E19.K20.J【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球北半球的小冰河时期的情况。【11题详析】考查动词。句意：在此期间，北半球经历了长时间的低温，人们目睹了庄稼歉收，河流冻结，比如斯海尔德河。根据“theNorthernHemisphereexperiencedlongstretchesoftemperatures”以及句意“歉收”可知应填fail，此处为现在分词作宾补。故选G。【12题详析】考查动词。句意：成千上万的人在结冰的泰晤士河上散步玩耍；马背上的士兵看见船陷在冰里；当地人用雪鞋智胜英国军队……根据“intheice”以及句意“陷在”可知应填过去分词stuck，作宾补。故选F。【13题详析】考查副词。句意：这些是小冰河期的一些图像——上个千年的几个世纪里，北半球的部分地区与极度寒冷作斗争。根据“TheseweresomeoftheimagesthatdefinetheLittleIceAge”以及句意“极度”可知应填副词extremely，修饰。故选H。【14题详析】考查动词。句意：但是，是什么导致了小冰期，它持续了多长时间，人们是如何适应寒冷的，当我们进入自己的气候变化时期时，我们能学到什么？根据“tothefreezingcold”以及句意“适应”可知应填动词adapt，此处为特殊疑问句，应填原形。故选B。【15题详析】考查形容词。句意：小冰河期并不是真正的冰河期——持续的降温可能只有0.5摄氏度，或者1华氏度——也不是一直寒冷。根据“norwasitconsistentlycold”以及句意“持续的”可知应填形容词persistent，修饰名词cooling。故选D。【16题详析】考查动词。句意：乔治城大学环境史副教授达格马尔·德格鲁特把这个时代称为一系列的“小冰河期”。根据“totheeraasaseriesof“littleiceages.””以及句意“称为”可知应填refer，根据has可知为现在完成时。故选I。【17题详析】考查动词。句意：尽管一些研究人员认为它可能开始得更早，但美国宇航局将小冰川期定义为大约始于1550年，由三个寒冷的高峰组成——大约在1650年、1770年和1850年。根据“ofthreecoldpeaks-around1650,1770and1850”以及句意“由……组成”可知应填consist，作介词as的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选C。【18题详析】考查副词。句意：科学家们还在研究导致小冰河期的确切原因。根据“whatcausedtheLittleIceAgetoo”以及句意“确切”可知应填副词exactly，作状语。故选E。【19题详析】考查动词。句意：从太阳活动减少到火山爆发增加，再到北美人口的减少，这使得森林取代了农田，在这个过程中从大气中去除了大约70亿吨的碳。根据“fromdecreasedsolaractivitytoincreasedvolcaniceruptions,tothedeclineofpopulationsinNorthAmerica”以及句意“范围变化”可知应填动词range，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语用原形。故选K。【20题详析】考查形容词。句意：2022年的一项研究认为，最初的触发因素实际上是14世纪后期从热带向北流动的极暖水上升，将北极的冰推入北大西洋。根据“triggerwasactuallyariseofextremelywarmwaterflowingnorthfromthetropicsinthelate1300s,whichpushedArcticiceintotheNorthAtlantic”以及句意“最初的”可知应填形容词initial，作定语修饰名词trigger。故选J。ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Perhapsnoissueattractsmoreseniorleadershipattentionthangrowthdoes,andforgoodreason.___21___ingainsandprofitsisthestandardbywhichwetendtomeasurethecompetitivefitnessandhealthofcompanies.Analysts,investors,andboardsareespeciallyconcernedaboutgrowth___22___togetinsightintostockprices.___23___areattractedtofaster-growingcompaniesbecausetheyofferbetteropportunitiesforadvancementandhigherpay.Supplierspreferfaster-growingcustomersbecauseworkingwiththemimprovestheirowngrowthprospects.Whilesustainedprofitablegrowthisanearlyuniversalgoal,itisa(n)___24___oneformanycompanies.Manyresearchersconductedonthelong-termpatternsofgrowthinU.S.corporationssuggestthatwheninflationis___25___,mostcompaniesbarelygrow.___26___inananalysisof10,897publiclyheldU.S.companiesfrom1976to2019,researchersfoundthatfirmsinthetopquartilegrewataninflation-adjustedaverageof11.8%peryear,butthoseinthelowerthreequartilesexperiencedlittleornogrowth(0.3%,0.03%,and0.5%,respectively).Andthemajorityoffirmsinthetopquartilewereunableto___27___superiorgrowthperformanceformorethanafewyears.Overthepasttwodecades,Ihavetriedtounderstandwhysomecompaniesareeffectiveatsustaininggrowth.Ihavefoundthatwhiletheusualexplanations,suchasmarketforcesandtechnologicalchangesdoplayarole,manycompanies’growthproblemsaredonebythemselves.___28___,firmsapproachgrowthinahighlyreactive,opportunisticmanner.Whenmarketdemandisbooming,theythrowresourcesatdevelopingnewcapacity,andbuildoutorganizationalinfrastructurewithoutthinkingthroughthe___29___—forexample,whethertheiroperatingsystemsandprocessescanscale,howrapidgrowthmightaffectcorporatecultureandwhatwouldhappenifdemandslows.Intheprocessofchasinggrowth,companiescaneasilydestroythethingsthatmadethem_____30_____inthefirstplace,suchastheircapacityforinnovation,theirgreatcustomerservice,ortheiruniquecultures.21.A.Attention B.Leadership C.Growth D.Insight22.A.requirements B.prospects C.struggles D.developments23.A.Bosses B.Investors C.Employees D.Producers24.A.difficult B.achievable C.inevitable D.easy25.A.basedon B.trackeddown C.equippedwith D.takenintoaccount26.A.Forinstance B.Onthecontrary C.Asaresult D.What’smore27.A.improve B.sustain C.recognize D.decline28.A.Respectively B.Ultimately C.Specifically D.Reasonably29.A.benefits B.opportunities C.technologies D.implications30.A.typical B.technical C.happy D.successful〖答案〗21.C22.B23.C24.A25.D26.A27.B28.C29.D30.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了经济增长对企业的优势，并分析了一些公司存在增长问题的原因。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：收益和利润的增长是我们衡量公司竞争力的标准。A.Attention注意；B.Leadership领导力；C.Growth增长；D.Insight洞察力。根据前文“Perhapsnoissueattractsmoreseniorleadershipattentionthangrowthdoes”及后文“ingainsandprofits”可知，收益和利润的增长是衡量公司竞争力的标准。故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：分析师、投资者和董事会尤其关注增长前景，以了解股价。A.requirements要求；B.prospects前景；C.struggles奋斗；D.developments发展。根据前文“Analysts，investors，andboards”及后文“togetinsightintostockprices”可知，分析师、投资者和董事会需要了解增长前景如何，才能预测股价。故选B项。【23题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：员工被快速发展的公司所吸引，因为他们提供更好的晋升机会和更高的薪水。A.Bosses老板；B.Investors投资者；C.Employees员工；D.Producers生产者。根据后文“becausetheyofferbetteropportunitiesforadvancementandhigherpay”可知，更好的晋升机会和更高的薪水可以吸引就业者。故选C项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然持续的盈利增长几乎是一个普遍的目标，但对许多公司来说，这是一个困难的目标。A.difficult困难的；B.achievable可实现的；C.inevitable不可避免的；D.easy容易的。根据前文“Whilesustainedprofitablegrowthisanearlyuniversalgoal”及后文“mostcompaniesbarelygrow.”可知，前后构成转折，虽然这是普遍的目标，但对许多公司来说，这也是一个困难的目标。故选A项。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多关于美国公司长期增长模式的研究表明，如果考虑到通货膨胀，大多数公司几乎没有增长。A.basedon以……为基础；B.trackeddown追踪；C.equippedwith有……的配置；D.takenintoaccount被考虑在内。根据前文“inflation”及后文“mostcompaniesbarelygrow.”可知，将通货膨胀考虑在内的话，大多数公司几乎没有增长。故选D项。【26题详析】考查短语辨析。句意：例如，在对1976年至2019年10897家美国上市公司的分析中，研究人员发现，排名前四分之一的公司经通胀调整后的年平均增长率为11.8%，但排名后四分之三的公司几乎没有增长(分别为0.3%、0.03%和0.5%)。A.Forinstance例如；B.Onthecontrary相反；C.Asaresult作为结果；D.What’smore更重要的是。根据前文“mostcompaniesbarelygrow.”及后文“butthoseinthelowerthreequartilesexperiencedlittleornogrowth”可知，此处举例证明了在通货膨胀的影响下，大多数公司几乎没有增长的事实。故选A项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：排名前四分之一的大多数公司都无法在数年内保持优异的增长表现。A.improve提高；B.sustain保持；C.recognize认出；D.decline下降。根据前文“firmsinthetopquartilegrewataninflation-adjustedaverageof11.8%peryear”及后文“superiorgrowthperformanceformorethanafewyears”可知，虽然一开始排名前四分之一的公司经通胀调整后的年平均增长率较高，但这种优异的增长表现无法一直保持。故选B项。【28题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：具体来说，公司以一种高度反应性、机会主义的方式接近增长。A.Respectively分别地；B.UItimately最终地；C.Specifically具体地，确切地说；D.Reasonably通情达理地。根据前文“manycompanies’growthproblemsaredonebythemselves”及后文“firmsapproachgrowthinahighlyreactive,opportunisticmanner.”可知，作者认为一些公司的增长问题主要是自身的原因造成的，后文对此进行了具体的说明。故选C项。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当市场需求激增时，他们把资源投入到开发新能力上，并在不考虑其影响的情况下建立组织基础设施——例如，他们的操作系统和流程是否可以扩展，快速增长可能对企业文化产生何种影响，以及如果需求放缓会发生什么。A.benefits好处；B.opportunities机会；C.technologies科技；D.implications可能的影响。根据后文“whethertheiroperatingsystemsandprocessescanscale,howrapidgrowthmightaffectcorporatecultureandwhatwouldhappenifdemandslows.”可知，这些都是公司在建立组织基础设施时，没有考虑到的问题，他们盲目而迅速地做出决策，没有考虑这些决策可能的影响。故选D项。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在追求增长的过程中，公司很容易毁掉最初让他们成功的东西，比如创新能力、出色的客户服务或独特的文化。A.typical典型的；B.technical技术的；C.happy开心的；D.successful成功的。根据后文“suchastheircapacityforinnovation,theirgreatcustomerservice,ortheiruniquecultures.”可知，创新能力、出色的客户服务或独特的文化都是可以让一家公司成功的因素。故选D项。SectionBDirections:Rendthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatement.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AdaptedfromShanghaiwriterJinYucheng’sMaoDunLiteraturePrizewinningnovel,FanHua(Blossoms),theseries—whichprimarilytakesplacebetween1993and1994—followsthejouneyofAhBao,anambitiouseverymanwhotakeseverychanceandrisestobecomealegendaryfigureinthecity’smostupper-classcommercialcircles.Asidefromemphasizinghisabilitytoseizeopportunitiesinthestockandforeigntrademarkets,theplotalsofollowshisdelicate,andromance-likerelationshipswiththreewomen.Theenthusiasmthedramahasstirreduphasledtotouristsfloodingtotheshow’slocations,suchastheFairmontPeaceHotel,whichiswhereherentsaluxuriousroomtodobusiness,andHuangheRoad,whichwaslinedwiththemosthigh-endrestaurantsinthe1990s.Otherexamplesincludefanswaitinginlongqueuesoutsiderestaurantstoorderaplateoffriedporkchopswithricecakes,atraditionalShanghaidishthatBossBaoalwaysorders.Thedrama’spopularityevenextendstoitssoundtrack.StealOne’sHeart,asongusedtosettheheartbreakingatmosphereinaparticularscenegainsnewfoundpopularity.ConsideredbysomecriticsasaloveletterfromthedirectortoShanghai,thecityshotthroughthelensarousesafeelingthatisbothfamiliarandfresh.WhileshowinglandmarksliketheBundandtheOrientalPearlTower,thedramaalsopresentsShanghai’scityscapeinabrighterandwarmermanner,asifthecityhasbeenpolishedbythememoryofsomeonewholovesitdeeply.Buxiang,aphrasethatmeans“keepingsilent”andwhichrepresentstheconceptofkeepingalowprofileintheShanghaidialect,isoneofthemostfrequentlyheardphrasesinthedrama.However,theshow’spopularityhascausedthephrasetobecomeahit,assomefansonmajorreviewsiteslikeDouban,wherethedramahasreceivedaratingof8.5outof10,havecommented.31.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutthebookFanHua?A.ThenoveloncewonMaoDunLiteraturePrize.B.ItsheroAhBaobornfromawealthyfamilybecamealegend.C.ThenovelfocusesonAhBao’sabilitytocatchopportunities.D.AhBao’srelationshipswithotherfemalecharactersarevividlydescribed.32.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Whyisthedramasopopularamongtourists?B.Whatdosomecriticsthinkofthedrama?C.Howdopeopleshowtheirloveforthedrama?D.Whatkindsoffoodarementionedinthedrama?33.WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeShanghaipresentedinthedrama?A.Popularbuthardtounderstand.B.Familiarbutsomewhatdifferent.C.Brightbutdarkatheart.D.Warmbutdistantinsomeway.〖答案〗31.B32.C33.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了改编自金宇澄的茅盾文学奖获奖小说《繁花》的电视剧，讲述了主人公阿宝在1993年至1994年间抓住机遇，成为商业圈传奇人物的故事。同时，该剧也展示了主人公与三位女性的情感纠葛，引起了观众的热烈反响，带动了拍摄地点的旅游热潮，并提升了剧中的歌曲和方言词汇的知名度。。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“theseries—whichprimarilytakesplacebetween1993and1994—followsthejourneyofAhBao,anambitiouseveryman(该剧的故事背景设定在1993年到1994年之间，讲述了一个雄心勃勃的普通人阿宝的人生之旅)”可知，阿宝原本是一个普通人。B项“它的主人公阿宝出生在一个富裕的家庭，成为一个传奇”是错误描述。故选B项。【32题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Theenthusiasmthedramahasstirreduphasledtotouristsfloodingtotheshow’slocations,suchastheFairmontPeaceHotel,whichiswhereherentsaluxuriousroomtodobusiness,andHuangheRoad,whichwaslinedwiththemosthigh-endrestaurantsinthe1990s.Otherexamplesincludefanswaitinginlongqueuesoutsiderestaurantstoorderaplateoffriedporkchopswithricecakes,atraditionalShanghaidishthatBossBaoalwaysorders.Thedrama’spopularityevenextendstoitssoundtrack.StealOne’sHeart,asongusedtosettheheartbreakingatmosphereinaparticularscenegainsnewfoundpopularity.(这部剧掀起的热潮导致游客蜂拥至剧中的拍摄地点，比如他租下豪华房间做生意的费尔蒙和平饭店，以及上世纪90年代到处都是高档餐厅的黄河路。其他例子还包括，粉丝们在餐厅外排起长队，只为点一盘炸猪排年糕，这是包老板经常点的一道传统上海菜。这部剧的受欢迎程度甚至延伸到了它的配乐上。《偷一个人的心》，这首歌用来在一个特定的场景中营造令人心碎的氛围)”可知，第二段主要描写了电视剧激起了人们对拍摄地的热情和兴趣，粉丝们纷纷前行参观这些地方来体验这部剧的背景。所以第二段主要回答了“人们如何表达对这部剧的喜爱？”这一问题。故选C项。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ConsideredbysomecriticsasaloveletterfromthedirectortoShanghai,thecityshotthroughthelensarousesafeelingthatisbothfamiliarandfresh.(一些评论家认为这是导演写给上海的情书，镜头下的这座城市唤起了一种既熟悉又新鲜的感觉)”可知，剧中的上海既熟悉又新鲜，有些不同。故选B项。(B)TalkingtherapiesforanxietyanddepressionTalkingtherapies,orpsychologicaltherapies,areeffectivetreatmentsdeliveredbyfullytrainedandqualifiedexperts.Theycanhelpifyou’restrugglingwiththingslikefeelingsofdepression,excessiveworry,socialanxietyorpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).·YoucanaccesstalkingtherapiesforfreeontheNationalHealthService(NHS)inUK.·Youcanreferyourselfdirectlytoatalkingtherapiesservicewithoutrecommendation.·Helpisavailableinperson,byvideo,overthephoneorasanonlinecourse.Whatcantalkingtherapieshelpwith?Youdonotneedtohaveadiagnosedmentalhealthproblemfirst.Gettingsupportassoonasyoustarthavingdifficultiescanhelptoreducetheirimpact.Youmaybe:·feelinganxious·feelinglowandhopeless·havingpanicattacks·findingithardtocopewithwork,lifeorrelationships·strugglingwithflashbacksandnightmaresaboutthingsfromyourpast·feelingstressedOtherthingsthattalkingtherapiescanhelpwithinclude:·worryingalot·excessivethoughtsorbehaviours·fearsocialsituations·beingafraidofthings,suchasspiders,flyingorheightsTypesoftalkingtherapiesTherearearangeofevidence-basedtalkingtherapies.Whichtherapyyouareoffereddependsonwhichonehasbeenshowntobemosthelpfulforyoursymptoms.Examplesoftalkingtherapiesinclude:·guidedself-help-whereatherapistcoachesyouasyouworkthroughaself-helpcourseinyourowntime,eitherusingaworkbookoranonlinecourse·cognitivebehaviouraltherapy(CBT)-basedontheideathatthoughts,feelings,whatwedo,andhowourbodiesfeelphysically,areallconnected.CBThelpsyounoticeandchallengethoughtsorbehaviourstohelpyoufeelbetter.·interpersonaltherapy(IPT)ordynamicinterpersonaltherapy(DIT)-therapiesthatlookatthelinkbetweenyourdepressionandyourrelationshipsTalkingtherapiescanalsohelpifyouhavementalhealthproblemsresultingfromotherconditions,suchasdiabetes(糖尿病),cancer,long-termpain.Talkingtherapiesareofferedindifferentways,including:·usingaself-helpworkbookwiththesupportofatherapist·asanonlinecourse·one-to-onesessionseitherinperson,overthephoneorasavideoconsultation·inagroup34.Youarerecommendedtalkingtherapicsifyouare________.A.feelingoptimisticaboutthefutureB.sufferingfromdiabetesorcancerC.lackinginthoughtsorbehavioursD.afraidofgettingalongwithothers35.Duringthetherapy,whichofthefollowingmighthappen?A.Youconductaself-helpcourseallbyyourself.B.Yourthoughtsandhowyourbodyfeeldisconnect.C.Youfeelbetterafternoticingandchallengingthoughts.D.Youhavetoworkinagrouptoreceivetalkingtherapies.36.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformpeopleoftalkingtherapies.B.Topersuadepeopletotaketalkingtherapies.C.Tocallfordonationfortalkingtherapies.D.Todescribethehistoryoftalkingtherapies.〖答案〗34.D35.C36.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了治疗焦虑和抑郁的谈话疗法。【34题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theycanhelpifyou’restrugglingwiththingslikefeelingsofdepression,excessiveworry,socialanxietyorpost-traumaticstressdisorder(PTSD).(如果你正遭受抑郁、过度担忧、社交焦虑或创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)等情绪困扰，它们可以为你提供帮助)”可知，害怕与他人相处是社交焦虑的一种表现，由此可知，如果你害怕与人相处，那么建议你接受谈话疗法，故选D。【35题详析】细节理解题。根据Typesoftalkingtherapies部分下的Examplesoftalkingtherapiesinclude:中第二段“CBThelpsyounoticeandchallengethoughtsorbehaviourstohelpyoufeelbetter.(CBT可帮助你注意并挑战想法或行为，从而帮助你感觉更好)”可知，在治疗期间，在注意并挑战想法后，你会感觉好一些。故选C。【36题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Talkingtherapiesforanxietyanddepression(治疗焦虑和抑郁的谈话疗法)”可知，文章主要介绍了谈话疗法的适作用以及类型，由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是让人们了解谈话疗法，故选A。(C)①Theworld’sheaviestsnakehasbeenhidingabigsecret.②Accordingtoastudypublishedtodayintheopen-accessjournalMDPIDiversity,theanimalknownasthegreenanaconda,orEunectesmurinus,isactuallytwogeneticallydistinctspecies,despiteeachspecieslookingsosimilarthatevenexpertscan’ttellthemapart.③“Genetically,thedifferencesaremassive,”saysBryanFry,aNationalGeographicExplorer,biologistattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,andcoauthorofthenewstudy.“They’refive-and-a-halfpercentdifferent,genetically.Now,toputthatintocontext,we’reabouttwopercentdifferentfromchimps,”hesays.④Tomaketheshockingdiscovery,FryandhiscoauthorscollectedbloodandtissuesamplesfromgreenanacondasinEcuador,Venezuela,andBrazil.Thestudyauthorsalsoexaminedeachanimalcloselytocountscalesandlookforotherphysicaltraitsthatcouldsignalanevolutionarydifference.Afterrunningthegeneticdata,theyfoundacleardividebetweenanacondassampledinthenorthernpartoftherangeasopposedtothoseinthesouth.Andbasedonthosefindings,theyproposerenamingthesnakesfoundinthenorthasthenortherngreenanaconda(Eunectesakayima),whileE.murinuswillcontinuetorefertosoutherngreenanacondas.⑤Frysayshisjawdroppedwhentheanalysescompleted.“Ididn’texpectthatlevelofdifference,”hesays.“It’sjustmind-blowing.Wewereallofusverymuchdoinghappydances.”⑥Whileitmayseemlikesplittinghairstore-classifytwopopulationsofsnakesthatlookidenticaltooneanother,Fryemphasizeshowimportantsuchdelineationscanbeforunderstandingthethreatsposedtothesecreatures.Rightnow,theInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureclassifiesthegreenanacondaasaspeciesofleastconcernwhenitcomestoextinctionrisk,butthisclassificationisbased,inpart,onhowwidelydistributedaspeciesis.“It’simportant,becausethenewlydescribednortherngreenanacondahasamuchsmallerrangethanthesouthern,andsothatmeansit’smuchmorevulnerable,”saysFry.⑦Workingwithgiantsnakesisn’teasy.Thefactthatanacondasaremassive,powerfulpredatorsisjustonereasontheanimalshaven’tbeenmorecloselystudied.However,moreworkofthiskindmaybeneededtounderstandhowthenorthernandsoutherngreenanacondasstartedseparateevolutionarytracks.Afterall,thetwospeciesappeartocoexistinFrenchGuiana,evenascloseasbeingfoundonoppositeriverbanks,saysFry.Andyet,there’snoevidenceofinterbreedingintheirgenetics.37.Whydidtheauthormention“we’reabouttwopercentdifferentfromchimps”inparagraph3?A.Toshowhowgeneticallydifferentgreenanacondasare.B.Toshowhowdistantwehumansarefromgreenanacondas.C.Toshowhowsimilargreenanacondasareinappearance.D.Toshowhowharditisforexpertstotellgreenanacondasapart.38.Basedonthecontext,whatdoestheunderlinedword“delineations”inparagraph6mean?A.similarity B.conservation C.classification D.extinction39.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ExpertssuggestcontinuingtorefertothenortherngreenanacondasasEunectesmurinus.B.Expertsaresureofhowgreenanacondasstarteddifferentevolutionarytracks.C.Theclassificationofgreenanacondashelpsarouseawarenessofitsprotection.D.Thetwospeciesofgreenanacondasonceinterbredintheirgeneticswhenlivingclose.40.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Eunectesakayima:splittinghairsB.Eunectesmurinus:theworld’sheaviestsnakeC.Northerngreenanaconda:anewlyfoundspeciesD.Greenanacondas:twogeneticallydifferentspecies〖答案〗37.A38.C39.C40.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家发现绿水蟒实际上是两个基因不同的物种，并强调了该发现的意义。【37题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段““Genetically,thedifferencesaremassive,”saysBryanFry,aNationalGeographicExplorer,biologistattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,andcoauthorofthenewstudy.“They’refive-and-a-halfpercentdifferent,genetically.Now,toputthatintocontext,we’reabouttwopercentdifferentfromchimps,”hesays.”（澳大利亚昆士兰大学的生物学家、国家地理探险家、这项新研究的合著者布莱恩·弗莱说:“从基因上讲，差异是巨大的。”“他们在基因上有5.5%的差异。通过以下类比可以更好地理解：我们和黑猩猩大约有2%的不同，”他说。）再结合第二段“Accordingtoastudypublishedtodayintheopen-accessjournalMDPIDiversity,theanimalknownasthegreenanaconda,orEunectesmurinus,isactuallytwogeneticallydistinctspecies,despiteeachspecieslookingsosimilarthatevenexpertscan’ttellthemapart.”（根据今天发表在开放获取期刊MDPI多样性上的一项研究，这种被称为绿水蟒或Eunectesmurinus的动物实际上是两个基因不