高考英语一轮复习讲义（课前基础导练+课堂互动探究+课后知能提升）Unit 2 Working the land 新人教版必修4

Unit2Workingtheland晨背三部曲（状语从句）经典佳句1． 当提到妈妈一词时，我相信我们都有很多话要说。Whenitcomestotheword“mother”，Ithinkweallhavealottosay.2．有时，一个微笑是那样的有力以至于它给人们巨大的勇气。Sometimesasmileissopowerfulthatitgivespeoplegreatcourage.3．此外，有爱的地方就有希望。Besides,wherethereislove,thereishope.4．一旦你开始学习英语，你就应该把它学好。OnceyouhavebeguntolearnEnglish,youshouldlearnitwell.5．除非我们采取有效措施，否则在短期内我们不能建成一个和谐而又美丽的社会。Wecan'tbuildaharmoniousandbeautifulcommunityinashorttime,unlesswetakeeffectivemeasures.6．一些在学校全得A的学生结果在社会上并没有被期望的那样成功。Someall­Astudentsinschoolhaveturnedoutnottobeassuccessfulinsocietyastheywereexpected.热身体验句式仿写1．If_we_talk_less_and_do_more(如果我们少说多做),itwilldousalotofgood.2.I'vebeenapandaloversince_I_was_a_child(从小时候起)．3．Besides,youronlinefriendscan'thelpyouin_case_you_get_into_trouble_(万一你有麻烦)，becauseyouknownothingabouttheiridentities.Ⅰ.词海拾贝基础记忆1．strugglevi.&n．斗争；拼搏；努力2．expandvt.&vi3．circulatevt.&vi4．freedomn.自由；自主5．thereforeadv.因此；所以；因而6．occupationn.工作；职业；占领7．regretvt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔8．focusn.焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦9．commentn.评论；议论vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论10．reducevt.减少；减缩；使沦落11．hungern．饥饿；欲望vt.&vi.(使)饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的；渴望得到的12．exportvt.&vi.输出；出口→import(反义词)vt.&13．discoveryn．发现；发觉→discovervt.发现；发觉→discoverern．发现者14．summaryn．总结；摘要；概要→summarizevt.总结15．equipvt.&vi.配备；装备→equipmentn16．confusevt.使迷惑；使为难→confusingadj.令人迷惑的→confusedadj.感到迷惑的→confusionn．迷惑语境记忆17．Ourschooloffersgoodequipmentandyouwillbewellequippedwithknowledgeandskillsforyourfuturejob.(equip)18．Hewasreallyconfusedbytheconfusingproblemwhichalsoconfusedotherpeopleforalongtime.(confuse)19．ThediscovererofelectricitywasFranklin;likemanydiscoveries,_itbenefitsusgreatly.(discover)篇章记忆Peoplestruggledagainsthungerforseveraldecades,buttotheirregret,theystillcouldn'tincreasetheoutputofgrainproduction.Thereforehungerwasadisturbingproblemthen.Ⅱ.短语互译1.幸亏；由于，因为thanks_to2．使……摆脱或除去rid_..._of3．对……感到满意be_satisfied_with4．宁愿；宁可would_rather5．逐渐增强；建立；开发build_up6．leadto导致；造成(后果)7．focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于8．keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)9．makeadifference有关系；有影响10．forsale待售Ⅲ.句型一览1.ifso状语从句的省略形式If_so(如果这样的话),whatdidyoudotogrowthem?2．the＋序数词＋名词＋动词不定式In1973,hebecamethe_first_agricultural_pioneer_in_the_world_to_grow_rice(世界上第一位种植水稻的农业先锋)thathasahighoutput.3．makeit＋adj.＋动词不定式Thisspecialstrainofricemakes_it_possible_to_produce(使生产……成为可能)20%moreofthecropinthesamefields.4．wouldratherdo...宁愿做……Hewouldmuchrather(宁愿做……)keeptimeforhishobbies.Ⅳ.语法自测——动词­ing形式作主语和宾语完成句子1．Weshouldmakelawstopreventfactoriesfromsendingsmokeintotheairwithoutbeing_dealt_with.(deal)我们应该制定法律，严禁工厂未经处理就将烟排往空气中。2．Being_exposed_to/Exposing_themselves_to_differentlanguagesandculturesdoesalotofgoodtochildren.(expose)接触不同的语言和文化对孩子们大有裨益。3．Keeping_plants_aliveduringlonglandtransportorseavoyagesisabigchallenge,causingexplorerstofindsolutions.(keep)在长途的陆地或海洋运输中使植物成活下来是个巨大的挑战，这要勘探者找出解决的办法。4．Weareconsideringtaking_measurestodealwiththeenvironmentalproblems.(measure)我们正在考虑采取措施解决环境问题。1.strugglevi.&n．[C]斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎strugglefor为……而斗争strugglewith/againstsb./sth.与……作斗争struggletodosth.努力做某事struggletoone'sfeet挣扎着站起来①Somewomenwanttogetwhattheywantbyfindingarichhusband,whichcansavethem20yearsofstruggle.一些女性想嫁个有钱的丈夫以得到她们所想要的，这样她们能少奋斗20年。②ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggletobeheard.在餐桌上孩子们大声谈话以至于我必须努力被听到。【对点练习】根据英汉提示完成小片段农民一直都得为了生存而努力。他们经常与恶劣的天气作斗争来争取更好一点的收成。他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到城市打工，努力增加他们的收入。Farmersalwayshavetostruggle_foraliving.Theyoftenstruggle_against/withthebadweatherforabetterharvest.Someofthemevenhavetoleavetheirhometownsandgotoworkincities,struggling_to_increasetheirincome.2.equipvt.&vi.装备；配备(1)equip...with...用……装备……beequippedwith装备着……equip...forsth./todosth.为了……而装备bewell/poorlyequipped设备精良的/较差的(2)equipmentn.装备；设备(不可数名词)apieceofequipment一件设备①Itisoftensaidthathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.(全国卷Ⅱ)人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。②Equippedwithnewscientificfarmingmethods,theyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.因为掌握了科学的农耕新方法，现在，他们可以使用比过去更少的农田进行耕种。【对点练习】完成句子①Ourlaboratoryis_well_equippedandmostofitsequipmentisfromAmerica.(equip)我们的实验室装备良好，大部分设备来自美国。②Tofindagoodjob,Ineedtocontinuemyeducation,equipping_myself_withrichknowledge.(equip)为了找到一个好工作，我需要继续我的学业，用更丰富的知识来武装自己。3.regretvt.遗憾；惋惜n．遗憾；懊悔(1)regreteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(havingdone,doingsth.))后悔做了某事regrettosay/tell/inform...that...遗憾地说(告知)……regretthat...遗憾……(2)withgreat/deepregret很遗憾toone'sregret让某人感到遗憾的是①Hedidnotregretsayingwhathedidbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.(江苏高考)他不后悔说那些话，但他觉得本可以用不同的方式来表达。②Wethink,muchtoourregret,thatwewillnotbeabletovisityounextyear.让我们深感遗憾的是，我们认为明年不能去拜访你了。【语境串记】Iregrettedtotellhimthathehadbeendismissed.Tomysurprise,hesaidtome,“Ihavenoregrets.Ionlyregrethavingtakenthewrongjob.”我遗憾地告诉他他被解雇了。使我惊奇的是，他对我说：“我没有什么遗憾。我唯一后悔的是选错了工作。”【对点练习】完成句子①To_my_great_regret,_wehavenotmuchtimelefttodiscusstheproblem.(regret)我感到非常遗憾的是我们没有多少时间讨论这个问题了。②Iregret_to_tell_youthatyourproblemsarebeyondmypower.You'llhavetoturntosomeotherone,I'mafraid.(regret)我很遗憾地告诉你，你的问题超出了我的能力范围。恐怕你得求助别人了。③Robertisindeedawiseman.HowIregrettednot_taking/having_taken_his_advice.(take)罗伯特确实是一个聪明的人。我多么后悔没听他的建议。4.focusvt.&vi.集中(注意力)；聚焦n．[C，U]焦点；中心点(1)focuson/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于focusone'sattention/mindon...把注意力集中在……(2)thefocusofattention/concern注意力/关注的焦点①Anytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.(·新课标卷Ⅱ任务型阅读)要想公共演讲效率更高，你做的任何训练应该始终专注于你已经做得很好的事情的积极方面。②Sheisapersonwhowantstobethefocusofattention.她是一个想成为关注焦点的人。【联想发散】想一想表示“集中(注意力、精力等)于……”的短语还有哪些？①pay_attention_to_sth.②put_one's_heart_into_sth.③fix_one's_attention_on_sth.④concentrate_one's_attention_on_sth.【对点练习】用focus的相关短语完成下列句子①我鼓励小组成员集中精力于他们能做的事情。Iencouragedgroupmemberstofocus_onwhattheycoulddo.②基础数学的教学一直是我们特别关注的焦点。Theteachingofbasicmathematicshasbeenthefocus_of_our_particular_attention.5.reducevt.减少；减缩；使沦落(1)reduce...to...减少到……reduce...by...减少了……(2)bereducedto沦落为……；陷入某种状态①Thatistheonlywaywecanimaginetoreducetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.(上海高考)那是我们能想出的减少学生浴室过度用水的唯一方式。②Believeitornot,therichmanshouldbereducedtoabeggar.信不信由你，那位富人竟然沦落为乞丐。【对点练习】介词填空①Wecan'tacceptyourofferunlessthepriceisreducedby5%.②Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolhasbeenreducedto2,000.③Allthebuildingsinthetownhavebeenreducedtoruinsafterthementn．评论；议论vi.&vt.表达意见；作出评论(①Haveyougotanycommentstomakeaboutthecauseofthedisaster?你对灾难的起因作何评论？②Thespokesmanrefusedtocommentonthematter.发言人拒绝对这件事发表评论。【对点练习】用comment的相关短语完成下列句子①老师经常谈论那两个孩子的不同之处。Theteacheroftencomments_on/uponhowdifferentthetwoboysare.②——先生，你会辞职吗？——无可奉告！—Willyouresign,sir?—No_comment！7.rid...of...使……摆脱；使……免除①It'snoteasytoridoneselfofabadhabit.要改掉一个坏习惯不容易。beridof摆脱(表状态)getridof摆脱；扔掉(表动作)②IwasgladtoberidofthecarwhenIfinallysoldit.把车卖掉时，我很庆幸终于脱手了。③We'removing,sowehavetogetridofalotofoldfurniture.我们要搬家了，所以我们得扔掉许多旧的家具。【对点练习】句型转换①HowcanIridtheroomofthebadsmell?→HowcanIgetridofthebadsmellintheroom?②Johnplanstogiveupsmokingintwomonths.→Johnplanstogetridof/ridhimselfofsmokingintwomonths.8.buildup逐渐增强；建立；开发；增多①It'ssaidthatshe'sbuiltupaverysuccessfulbusiness.据说她创办了一家非常成功的企业。与副词up搭配的其他短语：addup加起来comeup(问题)出现；走近(某人)pickup捡起；学会takeup拿起；开始；从事lookup向上看；查找eatup吃光；吃完②Itdidn'ttakemelongtopickupthebasicknowledgeofthelanguage.我没费多长时间就学会了这门语言的基础知识。③Manyretiredpeopletakeupgardeningasahobby.许多退休的人都开始以园艺为嗜好。【对点练习】写出下列句中buildup的含义①Allthepressurebuiltupandhewasoffworkforweekswithstress.增多，加大②TheStevensplayedakeyroleinbuildingupthecompany.(逐步)建立③Takingexercisehelpsusbuildupourbodyandkeepaclearmind.增进；锻炼【真题印证】④(·浙江高考)Bears________fatstoresthroughoutthesummerandfalltohaveenergyenoughtolastthemthroughtheirwintersleep.A．packupB．buildupC．bringupD．takeup解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏季和秋季积累脂肪，以便能使它们在冬眠的时候有足够的能量。buildup“集聚；积累”，符合句意。packup“收拾行李”；bringup“抚养”；takeup“从事；占据”。9.leadto导致；造成(后果)；通往①Thiswillprobablyleadtotroubleinthefuture.这以后将可能导致麻烦。②Asweallknow,allroadsleadtoRome.众所周知，条条大路通罗马。leadsb.todosth.使某人做某事lead/livea...life过……样的生活lead...into...把……领进……leadtheway引路；带路leadupto通向③Thishasledscientiststothinkoutothersolutionstotheproblem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。【对点练习】根据英汉提示完成小片段他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。Heled_the_way,_andled_us_toavillageinTibet,wherewefoundthelocalpeopleleading_a_happy_life.eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(10.expand/thanksto/besatisfiedwith/confuse/keep...freefrom))①expandvt.&vi.使变大；伸展expand...into把……扩展(发展、膨胀)成expandon/upon阐述，详谈②thanksto幸亏；由于；因为thanksto构成的短语可以表达正面意思(近于原意“感谢”)，也可表达讽刺意味(近于讽刺意味的“感谢”)。③besatisfiedwith＝becontent/pleasedwith对……感到满意④confusevt.使迷惑；使为难confuseAwith/andB把A与B混淆beconfusedabout...对……感到困惑⑤keep...freefrom/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)freefrom/of无……的；免除……的；不受……的约束【对点练习】结合以上短语完成下列句子①老师对学生们取得的成绩感到非常满意。Theteacherwas_quite_satisfied_withwhatthestudentshadachieved.②把表面盖好，免落尘土。Keepthesurfacefree_from/ofdirtbyputtingacoveroverit.③注意不要把数量与质量混淆。Becarefulnottoconfuse_quantity_with_quality.④多亏了新技术，我们才能够尽可能快地传递信息。Thanks_tothenewtechnology,wecanpassinformationassoonaspossible.⑤我不太理解你的推论，你能详谈吗？Idon'tquitefollowyourreasoning.Canyouexpand_on/uponit?1.If_so,_whatdidyoudotogrowthem?如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？【句型透视】(1)ifso“如果这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用ifnot。SomeofyoumayhavefinishedUnitOne.Ifso,youcangoontoUnitTwo.(江西高考)你们中的一些人可能已经完成第一单元，如果这样的话，你们可以继续第二单元。Ithinkthere'satrainatmidday.Ifnot,you'llhavetowaittill12：30.我想正午会有一班火车。要是没有，你只好等到12点半了。(2)if构成的其他形式的省略：ifever如果有过/发生过的话ifany如果有的话ifpossible如果可能的话ifnecessary如果有必要Ifpossible,tryandgotobedandwakeupatthesametimeeveryday.如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。【对点练习】用if的省略形式完成下列句子①大家感到冷吗？如果不，我们把窗户打开吧。Iseverybodyfeelingcold？If_not,_letusopenthewindows.②那个小女孩，如果有过也是很少向她哥哥寻求保护。Thegirlseldom,if_ever,_turnedtoherbrotherforprotection.③如果有必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。If_necessary,_I'llgotheremyself.2.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。【句型透视】句子wouldrather(not)dosth.“宁愿(不)做……”，与之相关的其他句型还有：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(wouldratherdosth.thandosth.,woulddosth.ratherthandosth.,prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.))eq\a\vs4\al(宁愿做……,而不愿做……)wouldrather＋从句eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(过去时，表示现在或将来虚拟,过去完成时，表示过去虚拟))wouldratherhavedone本来想做……而未实现Iwouldratheryoudidn't...常用来表示拒绝别人的要求Wouldyouratherstayathomeorgoouttohaveapicnicwithus?你是待在家里还是和我们一起出去野餐？Ratherthangetmoneyinsuchadishonestway,hewouldbeginthestreets.他宁愿在街上乞讨，也不愿以这种不正当的手段挣钱。【对点练习】Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空①Iwouldratheryouhad_finished(finish)yourhomeworkyesterday.②Shewouldratheryoucame(come)tomorrowthantoday.Ⅱ.句型转换③Iprefertoplayfootballratherthanplaybasketball.→Iwouldplayfootballratherthanplaybasketball.→I'dratherplayfootballthanpalybasketball.Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．InsomepoorAfricanareas,manychildrendiedofhunger(hungry)everyyear.2．FarmersinChinausedtoliveahardlifeandwerealwaysdisturbed(disturb)byhunger.3．Fordecades,theystruggled(struggle)tosearchforwaystoincreasericeharvests,butwithoutsuccess.4．Weweretoldtokeepalloursportsequipment(equip)inthelockersdownstairs.5．Thepeoplethereenjoycompletefreedom(free)ofspeech.6．Likemanydiscoveries(discover),atomicpowercanbeusedforgoodorevil.7．HereturnedfromParisandfoundhisofficewasundersomeoneelse'soccupation(occupy)．8．I'mstillalittleconfused(confuse)aboutwhathappened.Ⅱ.句型转换1．ThankstoDrYuan'sresearchonthehybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwicewhattheydidbefore.→ThankstoDrYuan'sresearchonthehybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.2．22%oftheworld'spopulationhaveridthemselvesofhunger.→22%oftheworld'spopulationhavegotridofhunger.3．Mostofthefarmerssaytheyarequitecontentwiththeirlives.→Mostofthefarmerssaytheyarequitesatisfiedwiththeirlives.4．Herfather'sdeathwascausedbyheartfailure.→Heartfailureledtoherfather'sdeath.5．Ihopeyouwillprotectyourselffromtobaccoandalcohol.→Ihopeyouwillkeepyourselffreefrom/oftobaccoandalcohol.6．Thenumberofemployeeswasreducedfrom40to25.→Thenumberofemployeeswasreducedby15.7．Thereare32computersinthelanguagelabofourschool.→Thelanguagelabofourschoolisequippedwith32computers.8．Thenewproductquicklybecamepopularbecauseofanationaladvertisingcampaign.→Thankstoanationaladvertisingcampaign,thenewproductquicklybecamepopular.Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅰ、Ⅱ中的句子，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇1．中国的农民曾经过着很艰苦的生活，并一直饱受饥饿的困扰。2．几十年来，他们努力寻找能够提高粮食产量的方法，但收效甚微。现在，情况有所改变。3．多亏了袁博士的杂交水稻研究，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。这意味着世界22%的人口摆脱了饥饿。4．大多数农民都很满意现在的生活，宁愿待在农村当农民。FarmersinChinausedtoliveahardlifeandwerealwaysdisturbedbyhunger.Fordecades,theystruggledtosearchforwaystoincreasericeharvests,butwithoutsuccess.Now,thingshavechanged.ThankstoDrYuan'sresearchonthehybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore,whichmeans22%oftheworld'spopulationhavegotridofhunger.Mostofthefarmerssaytheyarenowquitesatisfiedwiththeirlivesandwouldratherbefarmersinthecountryside.Ⅰ.多项选择1．(·孝感高三质检)Theplanwasn'tillegalinitselfbutitwould________somedoubtfulpractices.A．turntoB．leadtoC．appealtoD．adaptto解析：选B考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项计划本身并不违法，但它在具体实施中会带来一些问题。turnto“求助于”；leadto“导致”；appealto“吸引；感染；诉诸”；adaptto“适应”。故选B。2．ItishopedthatChinaandtheUScan________commonintereststobetterservethetwopeoples.A．expandB．approveC．affordD．arrange解析：选A句意：人们希望中美双方扩大共同利益，更好地造福两国人民。expand“扩张；使变大”；approve“批准”；afford“提供；买得起”；arrange“安排”。3．(·黄石高三检测)IfwejustbringoverproductsdevelopedfortheUSmarket,wewillsoonbe________tojustcompetingonprice.A．madeB．intendedC．reducedD．forced解析：选C考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们只是把为美国市场开发的产品拿过来，那么我们将很快沦落到只能打价格战的境地。bereducedtodoing“沦落到”。4．(·泉州模拟)Whenfillingintheform,theoldmanwithabeardwrote“farmer”inthespacemarked“__________”．A．nationalityB．characterC．occupationD．production 解析：选C句意：填表时那位留着胡须的老人在标有“职业”的空白处填写了“农民”。occupation“职业”，符合句意。nationality“国籍”；character“性格”；production“产量”。5．Runningacompanyisnot________amatterofhiringpeople―theyalsoneedtobetrained.A．simplyB．partlyC．seriouslyD．equally解析：选A考查副词词义辨析。simply“单单；只是”，partly“部分地”；seriously“严重地”；equally“平等地”。根据语境选A。6．(·南平一中模拟)Tobementallyhealthy,youneedto________goodrelationshipwitheachother.A．takeupB．putupC．buildupD．holdup解析：选C考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了精神健康，你们相互之间需要建立良好的关系。buildup“建立；树立”，符合句意。takeup“从事；拿起；占据”；putup“建造；搭起；举起”；holdup“阻挡；使停顿”。7．—What'sthematterwithJohn？Hehasbeensittingthereforhours.—Apostcardfromhisfather________anattackofhome­sicknessinhim.A．tookupB．setoffC．broughtinD．builtup解析：选B句意：“约翰怎么啦？他一直坐了好几个小时了。”“父亲寄来的明信片使他想家。”takeup“拿起；占据；从事”；setoff“出发；引起；使爆炸”；bringin“带来；引进”；buildup“逐渐建立”。根据句意选B。8．(·湖北七市联考)Itisagoodideatomakeabrief________ofthemainpointsofyourspeechtogetyourselfacrosstotheaudience.A．commentB．summaryC．guideD．framework解析：选B考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让观众更好地理解你，对演讲的主要内容做个简短的总结是一个好主意。summary“概括；总结”，符合句意。comment“评论；意见；批评”；guide“指南；导游”；framework“框架；准则”。9．(·亳州模拟)We'vereachedourgoalof500,000yuanforthevictimsoftheearthquake,________thegenerosityofthepublic.A．asforB．accordingtoC．insteadofD．thanksto 解析：选D句意：由于公众的慷慨解囊我们已经为地震灾民募捐到50万元。thanksto“幸亏；由于”，符合句意。asfor“关于”；accordingto“根据”；insteadof“代替”。10．(·随州高三质检)TheForeignMinistrySpokeswomanonThursdayurgedJapantostopmakingirresponsible________ontheincidentinwatersofftheDiaoyuIslands.A．commentsB．explanationsC．argumentsD．debates解析：选A考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个外交部女发言人周四敦促日本停止对在钓鱼岛海域所发生的事件的不负责任的评论。makecommentson“对……进行评论”。Ⅱ.完成句子1．Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpbeing_persuaded_into_buying_somethingtheydon'treallyneed.(persuade)购物时，人们有时经不住劝说买些他们并不真正需要的东西。2．Somenecessaryequipmentaswellasfoodandclotheshas_been_sent_tothedisaster­hitareasincethefloodsoccurred.(send)洪水暴发后，一些必需的装备、食品及衣物已被送往受灾地区。3．(·武汉市部分学校调研)Frequently_changing_your_positionfromonetoanothermaybeseenasasignofnervousness.(change)频繁地改变你身体的位置是紧张的表现。4．Thewrongdecisionwillcosthimeverythingfor_which_he_has_struggledforyears.(struggle)这项错误的决定将会使他丧失他为之奋斗好多年的一切。5．Iwouldratheryou_began_to_do_the_workatoncebyyourself.(begin)我宁愿你立刻自己开始做这项工作。6．Shedoesexerciseeveryday,reducing_her_weightby10%.(reduce)她坚持天天锻炼，把体重降低了10%。7．Microsoftisbelievedto_be_focusing_onanewmobilephoneoperatingsystem.(focus)人们相信，微软正在致力于一种新的手机操作系统。8．Being_accused_of_cheating_customerscausedanimmediatefailureofthisrestaurantduetotheloosemanagementandlackofcommercialconscience.(accuse)由于这家店管理松散，缺乏商业良知，在被指控欺骗顾客后立刻身败名裂。9．Itisreallyluckyformeto_have_been_brought_upinsuchasmallmountainvillagewithagreatsenseoffriendlinessandvoluntaryservice.(bring)我很幸运在这样一个极具友善感和无私奉献精神的小山村里长大。10．Itisbecauseyourideasareoutofstepwiththetimesthat_you_find_it_hardtokeepupwithit.(find)正是由于你的思想与时代不同步，你才会认为很难跟上时代的步伐。Ⅲ.阅读理解AWalkinginafarmers'marketoftenbringsonetoexplorenewfoodoptions,andnowmorelocally­farmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegapbetweenourmealsandthefarmsfromwhichtheyoriginated.Moreandmorelocalsmallfarmsarepopping_upinoppositiontofactoryfarms.Today'scommercialfarmsdonotfittheimagethatcomestomindwhilehappilysingingalongtoOldMacDonald.Instead,mostofthenation'sfoodcomesfromCAFOs,ConcentratedAnimalFeedingOperations,whereanimalsarekeptintightlyenclosedconditionsastheyarefattenedupandreadiedtobekilledforfood.Fortunately,knowingexactlywhereone'sfoodcomesfromhasledtoanincreaseintheavailabilityofwhatisknownas“grass­fed”beef.Technically,allcattlearegrass­fedforatleastalimitedamountoftime,butwhatmakesthemeatsignificantisthatitisgrass­finished,notforce­fedcorn,soyorgrains.Thischangeindietmakesallthedifferencesincecornisnotpartofthecow'straditionaldiet,andthereforecausesmajorhealthissuesforit.Todealwiththehealthissues,antibiotics(抗生素)areusedandsomeoftheantibioticsusedtotreatthecattlearesimilartothosegiventohumans,sotheycandecreasetheeffectivenessofmedicinewhenaconsumerissick.Ahealthierdietforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcalories.Andwhencookinggrass­fedbeef,you'dbetteruseaslightlylowertemperaturetomakeitmoredelicious.eq\x(语篇解读：文章主要讲述了当地小农场的增多、现代农场的饲养形式以及“食草”牛肉日渐增多的问题。)1．Theunderlinedphrase“poppingup”inParagraph1probablymeans“________”．A．improvingB．fadingC．profitingD．appearing解析：选D词义猜测题。根据文章第一句的“morelocally­farmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelpbridgethegap”可知，越来越多的当地小农场正在出现。故选D项。2．ThesongOldMacDonalddescribes________.A．animalsraisedfreelyonlocalfarmsB．animalskeptintightlyenclosedconditionsC．commercialfarmsprovidingfastfoodD．commercialfarmsprovidingunpopularfood解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Instead”可知，上句中的“OldMacDonald”应该和第二句中的“whereanimalsarekeptintightlyenclosedconditions”表述的内容相反，故选A项。3．Somemedicinesarelesseffectiveforbeefconsumersprobablybecause________.A．somecattlefeedongrainsB．allcattleeatgrassC．somemedicinesareusedtotreatsickcattleD．someantibioticsaregiventobothcattleandpeople解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，为了不让牛生病，给牛用了抗生素，这些抗生素与用在人身上的抗生素相似，所以当人生病的时候，药力就减弱了。故选D项。4．Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A．foodfromlocalfarmscanhelpaddtothevarietyinourdailymealsB．soyorgrainsareonthelistoftraditionaldietsofthecattleC．cornforthecattleleadsthemeattolowerinbothfatandcaloriesD．lowertemperaturemakesgrass­fedbeefmoredelicious解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“morelocally­farmedproteinchoicesareavailabletohelp...theyoriginated”可推知A项正确。B(·福州质检)Ifyouseeagroupofpeopledancingandsingingonthestreetorintherailwaystation,youdon'tneedtofeelsurprised.Theyareaflashmob(暴民).Whoarethey?Aretheymobs?Don'tbeconfusedbytheirname.Actually,aflashmobisagroupofpeoplewhogathersuddenlyinapublicplace,dosomethingunusualforabriefperiodoftime,andthenquicklydisappear.TheyareusuallyorganizedwiththehelpoftheInternetorotherdigitalcommunicationsnetworks.Themessagesmaybesenttofriends,whosendtomorepeople.Atapre­determinedtime,theygatherandperformsomeactivitiessuchasexchangingbooks,comingtogethertolookatthesky,wavingtheirhandsandyellingsomethingatthetopoftheirvoicefor30seconds.Then,theyquicklydisappearbeforethepolicecanarrive.Usingmobilephones,theflashmobscanchangeitsplaceifthefirstonehasbeencancelledforanyreason.BillWasik,senioreditorofHarper'sMagazine,organizedthefirstflashmobinManhattaninMayandthefirstsuccessfulflashmobgatheredonJune3,.Wasikclaimedthathecreatedtheflashmobasasocialexperimentdesignedtolaughatfashionseekersandstresstheculturalatmosphereofwantingtobeaninsiderorpartof“thenextbigthing”．Flashmobgatheringscansometimesshockpeople.Suchanactivitymightseemamusingandmagical,butitalsomightfrightenpeoplewhoarenotawareofwhatistakingplace.Undoubtedly,flashmobcanserveasgoodpoliticaltoolsandhavegreatpotential,suchasusingthemtoadvertiseaproduct.Theflashmobisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Peopleuseittodomanythings.Flashmobsgivepeoplefromallwalksoflifeanopportunitytocometogethertocreateamemory.eq\x(语篇解读：随着网络的快速发展，出现了一种新型人群：快闪族。本文对其进行了介绍。)5．WhatisNOTthefeatureoftheflashmob?A．Itcangettogetherquickly.B．Itcanchangeitsplacefreely.C．Itcandoactivitiessuddenly.D．Itcaninjurepeopleseriously.解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章的第一段最后一句“Actually,aflashmobisagroupofpeoplewhogathersuddenly...andthenquicklydisappear.”和第二段最后一句“Usingmobilephones,theflashmobcanchangeitsplaceifthefirstonehasbeencancelledforanyreason.”可知，D项不是快闪族的特点，故答案选D。6．Howdoflashmobsinformoneanother?①ByusingtheInternet②Bywritingletters③Byyelling④Bywavinghands⑤Byusingmobilephones⑥ByholdingameetingA．③④B．①⑤C．②⑥D．⑤⑥解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“TheyareusuallyorganizedwiththehelpoftheInternetorotherdigitalcommunicationsnetworks.”和第二段最后一句“Usingmobilephones...”可知，答案B符合文意。7．WhydidBillWasikcreatetheflashmob?A．Toadvertisesomeproducts.B．Tohelppeoplemakefriends.C．Tolaughatfashionseekers.D．Tocreatesomememories.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“Wasikclaimedthathecreatedtheflashmobasasocialexperimentdesignedtolaughatfashionseekers...”可知，答案C符合文意。8．Whatcanwelearnabouttheflashmobfromthepassage?A．BillWasikorganizedthefirstsuccessfulflashmobinMay,.B．Peopleareencouragedtotakeamoreactivepartinanactivity.C．Flashmobstendtodosomethingillegalforashorttime.D．Flashmobgatheringcanfrightenallthepeoplepresent.解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Flashmobsgivepeoplefromallwalksoflifeanopportunitytocometogethertocreateamemory.”可推知：人们由此被鼓励积极参与活动，故答案B符合文意。阅读理解解题技法(四)词义猜测的四种题型1．根据文中所提供的语境，找出逻辑关系，如并列关系、同位关系、解释关系、因果关系等。2．所猜测的词义往往隐含在上文或下文中，因此正确理解上下文是推出答案的关键。【品味赏析】题型一、猜测代词的正确指代代词指代题考查考生依据语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词意义的能力。人称代词指代判断题要求考生对it,they,them,he,she等人称代词的正确指代进行判断；指示代词指代判断题主要考查考生对this,these,that,those等指示代词指代意义的判断能力。认真分析历年高考试题不难发现代词指代判断题常出现在人物变换多、动作转换频的语境中。[典例](·山东高考阅读理解D第二段)Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears,untilanewCEO,CarlPearson,decidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast­foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.72．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A．CustomersofSparrowrestaurants.B．Sparrowrestaurants.C．Customersofotherfast­foodchains.D．Otherfast­foodchains.,Sparrow【点拨领悟】已有的顾客对连锁店抱有积极的态度，而其他快餐店的顾客不愿意离开别的快餐店。由句中“while”可以看出语境为并列关系；故them应该代指后者，即其他的快餐连锁店，故选D项。