高考英语阅读理解与写作备考策略

高考英语阅读理解与写作备考策略一、阅读理解一、考情分析：Ⅰ、高考阅读理解共有三个语篇，分别考查3---4---4道选择题，每题两分，共计22分。考查的角度有细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题，主旨大意题，观点态度题等。Ⅱ、高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1.文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右；2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3.体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。二、专题技巧：Ⅰ、题型有：词义猜测题、细节理解题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意题。Ⅱ、解题思路：Ⅲ、技巧：(A)Thedaybeganearly.Anagreementhadbeenmadewiththelittleboystheeveningbefore.TheyweretobeallowedtocelebratetheFourthofJuly,thegloriousday,bytheblowingofhornsexactlyatsunrise.Buttheyweretoblowthemforpreciselyfiveminutesonly,andnosoundofthehornsshouldbeheardafterwardtillthefamilyweredownstairs.Itwasthoughtthatapeacemightthusbebroughtbyashort,thoughcrowded,periodofnoise.Themorningcame.Evenbeforethemorning,athalf-pastthreeo’clock,aterribleblastofthehornsarousedthewholefamily.Thenumberofthehornswasmostremarkable!Itwasasthougheverycowintheplacehadarisenandwasblowingthroughbothherownhorns!“Howmanylittleboysarethere?Howmanyhavewe?”exclaimedMr.Peterkin,goingovertheirnamesonebyonemechanicallythingkinghewoulddoit,ashemightcountimaginarysheepjumpingoverafence,toputhimselftosleep.Thecountingcouldnotputhimtosleepnow,insuchaloudnoise.Andhowunexpectedlylongthefiveminutesseemed!ElizabethElizawastotakeoutherwatchandgivethesignalfortheendofthefiveminutes,andtheceasingofthehorns.Whydidnotthesignalcome?WhydidinotElizabethElizastopthem?Andcertainlyitwaslongbeforesunrise;therewasnodawntobeseen!“We’llnottrythisplanagain,”saidMrs.Peterkin.“IfwelivetoanotherFourth,”addedMr.Peterkin,hurryingtothedoortoinquireintothestateofaffairs.Alas!Amanda,bymistake,hadwakedupthelittleboysanhourtooearly.Andbyanothermistakethelittleboyshadinvitedthreeorfouroftheirfriendstospendthenightwiththem.Mrs.Peterkinhadgiventhempermissiontohavetheboysforthewholeday,andtheyunderstoodthedayasbeginningwhentheywenttobedthenightbefore.Thisaccountedforthenumberofhorns.Itwouldhavebeenimpossibletohearanyexplanation;butthefiveminuteswereover,andthehornshadceased,andthereremainedonlythenoiseofasingularleapingoffeet,explainedperhapsbyapossiblepillow-fight,thatkeptthefamilybelowpartiallyawakeuntilthebellsandcannonmadeknownthedrawningofthegloriousday,thesunrise,or“therisingofthesons,”asMr.Peterkinjokinglycalleditwhentheyheardthelittleboysandtheirfriendsclatteringdownthestairstobegintheoutsidefestivities.1.Accordingtothepassage,whicheventhappenedfirst?A.Mr.Peterkinnotedhowmanyboystherewere.B.ThePeterkinswereawakenedbytheboys.C.Elizabethgavethesignaltostopthehorns.D.Mr.Peterkinexclaimedhowmanyboystheyhad.【参考答案】B【考查内容】细节题【试题解析】本题较难，学生易选错D答案，因为文中的““Howmanylittleboysarethere?Howmanyhavewe?”exclaimedMr.Peterkin”；但是在上一段中“aterribleblastofthehornsarousedthewholefamily.”，可以看出是ThePeterkins是先被吵醒的，所以本题选B.2.Whatdidthe7thparagraphtalkabout?A.Thepalcewheretheboysblewtheirhorns.B.ThetimewhenElizabethElizastoppedthem.C.Thewayhowtheboysblewtheirhorns.D.Thereasonwhymorehornswereoverthere.【参考答案】D【考查内容】段落概括题【试题解析】本题可以定位到第七段，根据最后一句“Thisaccountedforthenumberofhorns.”，意思是“这解释了horns的数量”，所以本题答案是D.3.Theprobablemainideaofthispassageisthat_______________.A.thelittleboysdidn’tcarryouttheagreementthoroughlyB.thelittleboysdidn’tseethesignaltostopblowingtheirhorns.C.thelittleboysblewhornstogreetthedawnofJuly4thsoearly.D.thePeterkinsenjoyedchildren’sblowingofthehornsonJuly4th.【参考答案】C【考查内容】主旨大意题【试题解析】本题是概括全文大意题，根据第二段“Anagreementhadbeenmadewiththelittleboystheeveningbefore.TheyweretobeallowedtocelebratetheFourthofJuly,thegloriousday,bytheblowingofhornsexactlyatsunrise.”虽然后面出现了一些小问题，第七段“Amanda,bymistake,hadwakedupthelittleboysanhourtooearly.Andbyanothermistakethelittleboyshadinvitedthreeorfouroftheirfriendstospendthenightwiththem.”因此推断出是庆祝这个节日，而且吹号角提前了1小时。4.Whichquestionisnotansweredinthestory?A.Whendidthehornblowingbegin?B.Howlongagodidthecustomstart?C.Whydidtheboysblowthehornsinthemorning?D.HowdidthePeterkinsfeelaboutthehornblowing?【参考答案】B【考查内容】细节题【试题解析】本题细节题，要到文中找出答案。A，第七段“Amanda,bymistake,hadwakedupthelittleboysanhourtooearly.”。C，第二段“TheyweretobeallowedtocelebratetheFourthofJuly,thegloriousday,bytheblowingofhornsexactlyatsunrise.”。D，最后一段可以看出。只有B文中是找不到答案。(B)SettlingintolifeatOxfordWhenyoufirstarriveinOxford,itmaytakealittlewhileforyoutofindyourwayaround.Theuniversityisalargeorganizationthatisfullyintegratedintothecityandhasbeenevolvingfor800years.Someofthefirstthingsourstudentsdowhentheyarriveincludefindingabike(moststudentsinOxfordfindcyclingisthebestwaytogoaround),settingupabankaccount,gettingtheircomputerandmobilephoneworking,findingtheirdepartment,gettingtoknowtheircollegeandworkingoutthebestplacestosocialize.Oneofthemajoreventsyouwillexperienceshortlyafter“comingup”toOxfordismatriculation.MatriculationisheldattheUniversity’sSheldonianTheatreandistheceremonyatwhichyouareformallyadmittedtotheuniversity.Internationalstudentsareinvitedtoanorientationdayatthestartoftheacademicyear.SessionsrunthroughoutthedaythatwillgiveyoupracticalinformationaboutlivingandstudyinginUKandintroduceyoutoothergraduatestudentsfromforallovertheworldwhoarestartingtheirstudiesatOxfordatthesametimeasyou,aswellastocurrentOxfordgraduatestudentsandstaffwhowillbeabletohelpandadviseyou.ThedaycoverstopicssuchasstudyingandlearningintheOxfordsystem,Universityservices,informationonlivinginBritainandculturedifferences,aswellasaddressingpracticalissuessuchasemployment,immigrationandvisas,healthandsafety.Youcanchoosewhichtalkstoattendandattheendofthedaythereisasocialhoursoyoucanmeetfellowstudents.Anothergoodthingtoexperienceearlyoniscollegedining.Mostcollegeshaveatraditionofregularformalhalldinners,whichconsistofthreeorfourcourses,andtheatmosphereofaneveningoutinanicerestaurant.Onsomeoftheseoccasionsyoucaninvitepeoplearoundtoyourcollegefordinnerandthentheymayreturnthefavor.Inthisway,youcangettoknowpeoplestudyingyourownandothersubjectsatthesametimeasvisitingmanyofthehistoricalcollegegroundsanddininghalls.FurtherinformationonyourfirstfewweeksatOxfordisavailableviatheStudentsGatewayonourwebsite,andyoucangetfirst-handaccountsofwhatlifeatOxfordislikebywatchingvideosofstudentstalkingabouttheirexperiencesonourWallof100Faces.5.WhichofthefollowingisnotthefirstthingforanewcomertoOxfordtodo?A.tofindabestplacetosocializeB.tosetupabankaccountC.togototheSheldonianTheatreD.togetmobilephoneworking答案：C解析：第一段的最后一句话可以看出，只有C选项是没有包括在内的。所以C选项符合题干要求。6.WhendostudentsfeeltheyaretrulyadmittedtoOxfordUniversity?A.TheyarrivedinOxfordandsettleddownoncampus.B.Theyreceivedtheofferfromtheadmissionoffice.C.Theymetthestaffandtooksomerequiredcourses.D.Theyexperiencedthematriculationintheuniversity.答案：D解析：由文章第二段最后一句话可知，只有当学生经历了录取入学的开学典礼之后，才能够正式被录取。因此，D选项符合要求。7.Whichisanorientationimportantforinternationalstudents?A.Itisagoodchancetoaskthestaffforhelp.B.Itofferspracticalinformationaboutlivingandstudying.C.Ithelpsgetstudents’computershookedtotheInternet.D.Itcanhelpdealwiththeproblemofculturedifferences.答案：B解析：由第三段开头句可知，对于国际学生，可以提供住宿和学习信息。因此，B选项符合题干要求。8.“returnthefavor”inthepassageprobablymeans______________.A.invitingyoufordinnerB.visitingyourhistoriccollegeinreturnC.sharingfavoritevideosD.providingyouwithsomegoodadvice答案：A解析：由倒数第二段可知，你可以邀请人们到你的大学你请吃饭，然后他们也许会回请你。因此A选项符合题干要求。(C)Whenabigboat,likeacruiseship,goesthroughtheocean,itoftencreateswaves.Thishappenswhenthelargeenginesonthebackofthecruiseshipcausethewaterontheocean’ssurfacemoveupanddownviolently.Thesewavesmoveoutfromtheboatinbothdirections.Ifyouarecaptainingasmallerboat,you’dbettersteerclearofaship’swake,sothatyourboatisnotsurfingonthewaves,causingittooverturnAwaveisapatternofmotion.Whenyoulookatawave,itmayappearassimplywatermovingacrossthesurfaceoftheocean.Infact,thisisfalse.Thewaterisactuallynotmovinginthesamedirectionasthewave.Whilethewaveitself--thepatternofmotion–ismovingacrossthesurfaceoftheocean,thewaterisactuallymovinginacircularmotion,whichbringsthewatermoleculesbacktotheiroriginalposition.Thewatermerelygivestheappearanceofmovingforward.Ifthisisconfusing,thinkofthekindofwaveyoudoatabaseballstadium.Viewedfromadistance,thewaveisclearlymovingacrossthestadium.Butthethingthatmakesupthewave–thepeople–arenotmovingacrossthestadium,they’rejustmovingupanddownintheirseats.Thisisjustlikethewaterinanoceanwave.Alotofwaterismovingupanddown,whichgiveswatertheappearanceofmovingalongwiththewave.Surferspayalotofattentiontowaves.Ifyou’renotinanareawherethewavesaresuitableforsurfing,thenyoucan’tsurf.Usually,surfersgatherinareasknownforbigwaves–wavesthatrisehighofftheocean’ssurface.Ifthewaveisbigger,thenthesurferisoftenabletosurfforlongerdistancesandperformmoretricks.Theheightofawaveisknownasitsamplitude.Ifyoucouldmakeawavefreeze,thenyoucouldmeasurethewave’samplitudebyrunningatapemeasurefromtheocean’ssurfacetotheverypeakofthewave.Allwavescanbemeasuredusingamplitudeandwavelength.Whilethewavescreatedbyaboathaveverysmallamplitude–sometimesassmallasafewcentimeters–thewavelengthcanbeveryshort,aslotsofwavesarebeinggenerated.Bycontrast,atsunamihasveryhighamplitude,sometimesmorethan100feet,butarelativelylongwavelength,asit’sahighwave.Wavesgeneratedinthesamewaycanhavegreatdifferencesinamplitudeandwavelength.Forexample,thinkbacktothecruiseship.Whileeachshipcreateswavescausedbythemovementoftheboat,thepropertiesofeachofthewavesmaybeverydifferent.Forexample,alargercruiseship,withpowerfulengines,maycreateawavethathashighamplitudeandashortwavelength.However,iftheship’senginesslowdown,theymaythenstartcreatinglesspowerfulwavesataslowerrate.Thiswouldcausethewaves’amplitudetodecrease,butitswavelengthtoincrease.9.Whatdoesthephrase“steerclearofacruiseship’swake”inthe1stparagraphmean?A.keepawakewhilesteeringashipB.getaclearviewofwhatisaheadC.keepawayfromthecruiseshipD.followthecruiseshipveryclosely【参考答案】C【考查内容】细节理解【试题解析】这道题目稍微有点难度，需要学生理解上下文之后搞清楚：如果你开的是较小的船，那么为了不翻船，最好不要靠近较大的船只。10.Theauthorgivesanexampleofwavepeopledointhestadiuminorderto_____________.A.illustratehowexcitedpeopleareinabasketballstadiumB.cleartheconfusionovermeasuringthewave’samplitudeC.demonstratehowtomakewavesinabasketballstadiumD.explainwhythewaterappearstomovealongthewaves【参考答案】D【考查内容】段落理解【试题解析】这道题目难度不大，作者举了在体育场的人们发出的波动的例子，是为了更形象地说明水和水波同时出现并向前进。11.Thelastparagraphgivesustheimpressionthat________________.A.thewave’samplitudemayvary,butitswavelengthremainthesameB.themovepowerfultheshipsenginesare,thehigherthewavestheygenerateC.theamplitudeofawavedependsonthedirectionthewatermovesforwardD.measuringtheamplitudeandwavelengthofwavesisnotquiteeasy【参考答案】B【考查内容】段落理解【试题解析】难度适中。最后一段的第一句话就表明了这一段主要讲的是波纹也是不同的，“Forexample,alargercruiseship,withpowerfulengines,maycreateawavethathashighamplitudeandashortwavelength”这句话也说明引擎越有力，波浪就越高。12.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.Howwavesarecreatedandmeasured.B.Whatmakestheseawatermoveforwards.C.Whypeoplecreatewavesinthestadium.D.Howtosteeracruiseshipintheroughsea.【参考答案】A【考查内容】主旨大意【试题解析】难度适中。整篇文章谈论的都是关于水波的，从它的产生到最后一段讲的如何测量。二、写作审题分段落（总分总结构）词汇、句型运用仿写文章、形成自己素材库本节重点词汇积累动词替换：1.Improve提高Promote：促进AC之间的贸易promotethetradebetweenAandC;Advance:

ourunderstandingofhumangeneticshasconsiderably（飞常的，可換做vastly)advanced.Enhance:

thepublicityhasenhancedhisreputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望Reinforce:

reinforcetheinterferenceoftheautorityanditsabilityofmacroeconomiccontrol加强政府的干预和方、观调控能力2.change改变Transform:多指改头换面完全改变,不能用于形容slightchange。说到人口变化：theincreasingpopulationhastransformedthelandscapeandstructureoflocalindustrystructure.3.Emphasize强调Highlight:thereporthighlightthedeclineinthenumbersofnative(可以换作plantsandinsects.Stress:

Hestressestheneedforparentstolistentotheirchildren.Accentuate:

thecrisisaccentuatesthegapbetweenrichandpoor.Address:

addresstheponderanceofmanipulatingtheinosculationbetween-—…intherightperspective强调正确处理…关系的重要性(highlightandemphasize的区别:highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多）4.Develop培养Cultivate:

cultivatetheabilityof…；Nurture:养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents)theseanuturesamplemarineanimals.5.Break破坏Impair:

impairability;主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。Undermine：这个词也是指的是柚象意义上的破坏有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermineone's

ability/confidence/authority/position/credibilityJeopardize:不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardizetheprocessof

peace.破坏和平进程Devastate：特指毀灭、蹂躏theearthquakedevastatedthewholecity.6.Keep保存Preserve、Conserve保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect,protect这个词用在保护具体的东西7.dealWith解决Tackle:

tackletheproblem.Resolve:

resolvedispute/conflict/problem/issue/crisis，比较正式。8.need需要Require

:

xxxrequirescourageandconfidence.callfor：跟need—样的用法形容词替換：1.Everywhere普遍的Widespread:随便用Prevalent:

Drugabuseisespeciallyprevalentamongteenagers.Overflow：泛滥thegardenisoverflewwithcolorsofflowers.Rampant:特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病、犯罪等,并且难于控制。HIN1Virusisrampantinthe

world.甲流世界泛滥。2.Good好的Impressive,glorious,amazing,brilliant,incredible,attractive…Beneficial:thedrugisbeneficialtotheimmunesystem.Advantageous:特指有益的。Advantageousindustry:优势产业3.Harmful有害的Unfavorable,horrible,disgustinginhumane:没人性的lousy:(I'mfedupwiththelousyjob.)severe:(severeproblem,illness,injuries.)abysmal:(theirperformanceisabysmal.)Detrimental:

smokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.4.Rich富有的Wealthy、Affluent、ample5.Poor贫穷的Impoverished:animpoverishedstudent.(动词表示使贫穷：Thegreatdepressionhadimpoverishedmanythirdworldcountries.)7.Serious严重的Severe8.Obvious明显的Manifest:

amanifesterrorjudge明显判断失误;Adv.Manifestly.e.g.amanifestlyunfair

system.Apparent、EvidentPatent:

patentimpossibilities.显然不可能的9.cheap便宜的Economical:经济的’不浪费’而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：economicallyaffordable

housing.Inexpensive=cheapReasonable:价格合理的Affordable:能够支付的。名词替换：1.Forefather祖先Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同Gap:沟,generationgap—一verycommonuseinCET-4/6Distinction:

sharp/cleardistinctionbetweenallergyandfoodintolerance.schism:比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”healtheschismbetweenclinicalmedicineandpublichealth.3.Environment环境Circumstance:

underthecircumstances.相当抽象的词。Surrounding:表示周围居住的环境，相当具体。Atmosphere、Ambience:这两个词可替换,但是当atmosphere表示大气层的急思的时候则不能。4.Human人类Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人农民公务员等等的词.Humanity:特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。5.Danger危险Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：Poutedwaterisahazardtowildlifeandnature’safety/naturehazard.6.Inmodemsociety在当今社会IncontemporarysocietyInpresent-daysocietyInthisdayandage(这是最牛的说法）典型例题一GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：1.你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；2.你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。范文:DearEditor,I’mChenFei,afaithfulreaderofyournewspaper,whowouldliketooffersomesuggestionsforalterationsthatcouldhopefullybeappliedtoyourfollowingeditions.Thesectionthatyoucanomit,inmyperspective,shouldbeHealthwhiletheaddedoneshouldbetheFutureCareerPlanning.Ononehand,eventhoughallofusrealizetheimportanceofhealth,wecan’tresisttheinfluenceofourlivingconditions,whicharegettingincreasinglyworsewithP.M.2.5,additivesandchemicalsinfoodsandoverwhelminggenetically-modifiedfoods.Inotherwords,withoutthenecessarysafetymeasuresandhygieneorcarewhathappenstocitizens,allwehavedonewillgethalftheresultwithdoubleefforts.Certainly,Idohopethatallourstudentscanhavetheawarenessofhealth.However,nomatterhowmuchhealthknowledgewehavelearned,it’sdifficulttopracticeitunderunhealthycircumstances.Consequently,thesectionofHealthisgettinglessmeaningfultous.Maybeit’sbetterforittogiveitswaytoanewsection—FutureCareerPlanning.FutureCareerPlanning,ontheotherhand,isvitaltoeverystudent.Soon,we’llfacethechoiceofmajorsintheuniversity,whichmeansthefirststepforthewholecareerlife.Therefore,weneedmoreinformationabouttheoccupationstohelpusmakecorrectchoiceandtakeupcareerinterest.Asforwestudents,whoarealmostcutofffromtheouterworld,theinformationofcareerplanningwillbenecessaryandhelpfulforadaptingourselvestothefiercelycompetitivesociety.JustasLouisPasteursaid,“Chancefavorsonlythepreparedmind.”,thissectionmustbeappreciatedbyallofus.Tosumup,theschoolnewspaper,asapreciousaccessforstudentskeepingpacewiththeoutsideworld,shouldfocusonitsmainpurpose.Withtheabove-mentionedalterationstakenintomeasures,we’llsurlyhaveabetterexperienceafterreadingthenewedition.Yours,ChenFei范文:DearEditor,WhenitcomestotheselectionofthecolumnsfortheschoolEnglishnewspaper,opinionsvaryfromonetoanother.AsfarasIamconcerned,thecolumnspreservedwilldefinitelymakeafeatureofstudents'interestandexertpositiveeffectsontheirstudyandlife.Comparativelyspeaking,Imaintainthatthevalueofthecolumnsconcerninghealthandculturefaroutweighsthatoftheentertainment.Theimmediatefactorisnothingismorevaluablethankeepinghealthyinthatlossofhealthsignifieskissinggoodbyetolife.That'swhymoreknowledgeofhowtokeepfit,moreeffectivelyonecanimprovehisqualityoflife.Thesecondpointtobementionedisthatprogressintheacquisitionofculturescontributestobroadeningone'shorizons,whichinturnfacilitatesone'sstudyandtheestablishmentofphilosophyoflife.Asfortheaddition,thecareerplanningconstitutesatoppriority.Foronething,itconcernsone'scareerdevelopmentagreatdealwhileforanother,itmakesagreatdifferencetoone'scareersuccessinthefuture.Iamprettyconvincedthatawisechoicemakesperfect.Iamwritingthee-mailinthehopethatmyadvicewilladdabrillianttouchtotheimprovedversionofourschoolEnglishnewspaper.Yourssincerely,ChengFei典型例题二：简要描述图片内容，结合生活实际，就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想。范文1：Inthepicture,awhite-hairedoldmanispushingababycarriage,insidewhicharehischildrenandgrandchild.Notonlydoesthegrandsonneedfeedingbutstunninglytheyoungcouplealsoneedsfeedingbytheirparents,whoshouldhavereliedontheminstead.Thereisnoexaggerationhere.Sincetheimplementationoftheone-childpolicy,moreandmorechildrentendtodependontheirparents,evenaftertheygrowup.AsfarasIknow,someyoungteachersintheschoolIamstudyingatwouldgototheirparents’formeals.Iamnotsayingthattheyarenotfinanciallyindependent,whichthepicturemightfurtherindicate,butthattheyare,tosomeextent,dependentontheirparents,whichmakessensewiththepictureinsomeway.Theproblemisheretostayformainlytworeasons—oneisthatthepolicyisnottendedtobeloosenedandtheotheristhatthekidsarewatchingandimita