英语语法-教学大纲

《英语语法》课程教学大纲

一、课程基本情况

课程中文名称：英语语法

课程英文名称：EnglishGrammar

课程类别：专业选修课

课程性质：语言学模块

课程代码：ENGL1122

总学分数：2

总学时数：28其中理论学时数：28实践（实验）学时数：0

适用对象：英语专业2018级大一学生

先修课程：无

开课学期：2018-2019学年第一学期

开课单位：英文学院

二、课程教学目的

英语语法课旨在通过该课程的学习，帮助学生重点掌握英语语法的核心项目，提高学生

在上下文中恰当运用英语语法的能力和运用英语的准确性，使学生对英语语法有一个比较系

统的了解并能借助英语语法知识解决英语学习过程中的有关问题。学生有计划地阅读英语语

法教材，探讨英语语言的结构，通过各种练习，牢固地掌握英语语法，提高运用英语的能力

及自学语法的能力。

三、先修课的要求

无

四、课程教学内容、要求及重点、难点

第一章导入

（一）主要内容：本课简述语法是什么，介绍学习英语语法的目的。同时通过介绍英

语语言的历史变化来解释语法的复杂性。本课还将介绍该课程在本学期的安排及各周的学习

内容。

（-）教学要求：

通过本课教师将带领学生思考以下内容：

i）语法并非简单的、一以贯之的语言规律

ii）语法与语义是一体的而不是分裂的

iii）语法的复杂性源于人类的表意需要，并归根于语言的历史变化

（三）重点和难点

学习语法的目的是学习语言，即怎样通过不同的语法形式准确表达意义。因此，学习语

法的根本目的是交流，而非学习一套形式的框架。

学习语法必须在具体语境中完成，脱离语境的语法没有意义。

其他包括：

IWhatisStandardEnglish?

2DistinguishDescriptiveandprescriptiveapproachestogrammar

第二章ArapidoverviewofEnglishgrammaticalstructures

（—）主要内容：

Theprimarytopicofthisbookisthewaywordscombinetoformsentencesin

Stan-dardEnglish.Sentencesaremadeupfromwordsinregularways,anditis

possibletodescribetheregularitiesinvolvedbygivinggeneralstatementsorrules

thatholdforallthesentencesinthelanguage.ToexplaintherulesforEnglish

wewillneedanumberoftechnicalterms.Thepurposeofthischapteristointroduce

mostofthose(oratleastthemostimportantones).

(二)教学要求和重点难点

1Twokindsofsentence:

CLAUSALSENTENCES:(havingtheformofaclause)

COMPOUNDSENTENCES:(havingtheformofacoordinationofclauses)

2Clause

Themostbasickindofclauseconsistsofasubjectfollowedbyapredicate.

nounphrases-phraseswithanounastheirhead

verbphrases,phraseswithaverbashead

headanddependents:Theheadofaphraseis,roughly,themostimportantelement

inthephrase,theonethatdefineswhatsortofphraseitis.Theotherelements

aredependents.

3Subjectandpredicate

Basicclausescanbeanalysedasaconstructionconsistingofsubject

pluspredicate;

Thepredicatetypicallydescribesapropertyofthepersonorthingreferred

tobythesubject,ordescribesasituationinwhichthispersonorthingplayssome

role.

thesubjectnormallyindicatestheactor,thepersonorthingperformingthe

action,whilethepredicatedescribestheaction.

Theinterrogativeclause:atypeofclausecharacteristicallyusedtoask

questions.

4Twotheoreticaldistinctions

4.1.(grammatical)functionvs.category

Subjectisafunction,whileNPisacategory.Functionisarelationalconcept

whereascategoryisaclassofexpressionswhicharegrammaticallyalike.

Asinglefunctionmaybefilledbyexpressionsbelongingtodifferentcategories,

andexpressionsbelongingtoasinglecategorymayoccurindifferentfunctions.

4.2.wordsandlexemes

words:differentwordforms,hencecatandcatsaretwowords.

lexemes:theunderlyingformofvariousinflectionalforms.Hencecatandcats

haveonelexeme.

5Wordandlexemecategories:thepartsofspeech

5.1.nouns

(a)meaning:physicalobjects

(b)inflection:contrastbetweensingularvs.plural

(c)function:headofNPs,avariety,suchasthesubject

5.2.verbs

(a)meaning:chiefdeterminantofasituation

(b)inflection:pastvs.present

(c)function:headofVP,predicate

(d)subclasses:auxiliaryverbsvs.lexicalverbs

5.3.adjectives

(a)meaning:properties

(b)function:attributivevs.predicative

(c)gradabilityandinflection:theinflectionalsystemisthegradesystem

5.4.determinatives

(a)meaning:definiteness

(b)function:asdeterminer

5.5adverbs

function:modifiersofverbs

5.6preposition

(a)meaning:relationinspaceandintime

(b)function:prepositionalphrasefunctionasdependentsonotherphrases

5.7,;5.8.Coordinatorsandsubordinators

(a)coordinator:and

(b)subordinator:distinguishmainclauseandsubordinateclause

5.8.prototype

prototypical:thecentralorcoremembersofacategorythatdohavethefull

set.ofdistinctiveproperties.

6Thestructureofphrases

phrase=head+dependents

6.1.complementsvs.modifiers:theformerisobligatory(onlyintheclearest

cases)

6.2.objectvs.predicativecomplement

6.3.thedeterminer,thegenitiveNP,determinatives

7Canonicalandnon-canonicalclauses

Canonicalclausesconsistofasubjectfollowedbyapredicate

Non-canonicalclausescontrastwithcanonicalonesononeormoreofthe

dimensionsin§§7.1-7.5.

Ex.1,2,3,4,5

第三章Verbs,tense,aspect,andmood

(一)主要内容：

动词的分类；动词的时、体、态、式概说

(二)教学要求和重点难点：

教师带领学生认识动词的分类，要求学生掌握主动词及助动词的区别；及物动词、不及物动

词及联系动词的区别，动态动词及静态动词区别；

分别单词动词及动词词组；限定动词和非限定动词；规则动词和不规则动词；

基本的时、体、态、式的基本分类方式。

IVerbinflection

1.1.Theverbparadigm

Verbsarevariablelexemes.Thatis,theyhaveanumberofdifferentinflectional

forms;

Thesetofinflectionalformsofavariablelexeme(togetherwiththeirgrammatical

labels)iscalleditsparadigm

primaryformsshowinflectionaldistinctionsoftense(preteritevspresent)and

canoccurasthesoleverbinacanonicalclause.

Secondaryformshavenotenseinflectionandcannotoccurastheheadofacanonical

clause.

1.2Verb-formsandshapesharing

(a)Shapesharingbetweenpreteriteandpastparticiple

(b)Shapesharingbetweenplainpresentandplainform

2Finiteandnon-finiteclauses

Clausesmaybeeitherfiniteornon-finite.Finiteclausesmaybeeithermainor

subordinate;non-finiteclausesarealwayssubordinate.

3Auxiliaryverbs

divisionwithinthecategoryofverbsbetweenroughlyadozenauxiliaryverbsand

alltherest,whichwecalllexicalverbs.

modalauxiliariesvs.non-modalauxiliaries

3.1Distinctivepropertiesofauxiliaryverbs

(a)Subject-auxi1iaryinversion

wherethenegationisassociatedwithaprimaryverb-form,ispermittedwith

auxiliaryverbs,butnotwithlexicalverbs;

auxiliarieshavenegativeinflectionalforms.Theyallendinnt,andarefound

inthepreteriteandpresenttense

(b)negation

3.2modalauxiliary

3.3.verbswithdualmembership

3.4.thecategoriesmarkedbyauxiliaries

4Perfectiveandimperfectiveinterpretations

Whenaclausedescribesasituationinawaythatconsidersitasawhole,inits

totality,withoutreferencetoanyinternaltemporalstructureorsubdivisionit

mighthave,wesaythattheclausehasaperfectiveinterpretation.

Whenaclausedescribesasituationinawaythatmakesreferencetoitsinternal

temporalstructureorsubdivisions,wesaythattheclausehasanimperfective

interpretation.

5Primarytense：preteritevs.presenttense

6Theperfect:apasttensethatismarkedbymeansofanauxiliaryverb

ratherthanbyinflection,likethepreterite.

6.1.Thepresentperfect

6.2.Thepreteriteperfect

6.3.Theperfectinclauseswithoutprimarytense

6.4.Thecontinuativeperfect

7Progressiveaspect

8Mood

8.1.familiesofmeaningsthatthemodalauxiliariesexpress:epistemic,deontic

anddynamic

8.2.Futurity,modality,andwill

8.3.Thepreteritefonnsofthemodals

8.4.Irrealiswere

Toappreciatethebasis（i.e.,formal,semanticordiscursive）forclassifyingverbs

ToappreciatethemajordifferencesinTAMVbetweenEnglishandChinese.

第四章、Clausestructure,complements,andadjuncts

（一）主要内容：

Weinvestigatethestructureofcanonicalclauses,thesyntacticallymostelementary

typeofclause.Variouskindsofnon-canonicalclausewillbeintroducedfromtime

totime,butsolelyforthepurposeofilluminatingthestructureofcanonical

clauses.Veryoftenthebestevidenceforanalysingoneconstructionisprovided

byacomparisonbetweenitandadifferentbutrelatedconstruction.

（二）重点和难点

1Introduction

Canonicalclauses:thesyntacticallymostelementarytypeofclause,havethe

potentialtostandaloneassentences.

Predicatesandpredicators

Atreediagramofclausestructure

Predicatorsselectkeycontentofclauses

Complementsandadjuncts

Thesubjectasakindofcomplement

2Thesubject

2.1DistinctivesyntacticpropertiesofthesubjectinEnglish

2.2Traditionalerrorsindefiningthesubject

3Theobject

3.1DistinctivesyntacticpropertiesoftheobjectinEnglish

3.2Directandindirectobjects

4Predicativecomplements

4.1syntacticdifferencesbetweenpredicativecomplementsandobjects

4.2subjectiveandobjectivepredicativecomplements

4.3Ascriptiveandspecifyingusesoftheverbbe

5Fivecanonicalclausestructures

Oridinaryintransitive

complex-intransitive

ordinarymonotransitive

complextransitive

ditransitive

6Adjuncts

6.1semantickindsofadjunct

6.2theformofadjuncts

6.3modifiersandsupplements

第七章Prepositionsandprepositionphrases

(—)主要内容

Thepurposeofthischapteristoarmstudentswith:Thetraditionalclassof

prepositions;Extendingthemembershipoftheclass;Furthercategorycontrasts;

Grammaticisedusesofprepositions;Prepositionstranding;Thestructureof

PPs;complementsinclausestructure;Prepositionalidiomsandfossilisation.

掌握常用介词的主要用法以及介词与其他词类的搭配，如：beinterestedin,bestrictwith

somebody,等。掌握并列单词、短语、从句或句子的等立连词以及引导名词性从句和状语从

句的从属连词的用法。如:等立连词：notonly…butalso,either**,or,neither…nor,

end,or,but,for,however等。从属连词：after,as,when,although,aslongas,

asfaras,assoonas等。

(二)重点难点

1Thetraditionalclassofprepositions

2Extendingthemembershipoftheclass(introductiondifficult)

2.1Prepositionsvssubordinators

2.2prepositionsvsadverbs

3Furthercategorycontrasts

3.1prepositionsvsadjectives

3.2prepositionsvsverbs

4Grammaticisedusesofprepositions

5Prepositionstranding

6ThestructureofPPs

6.1Complements

6.2Modification

7ppcomplementsinclausestructure

7.1Goal,sourceandlocation

7.2Thecomplementsofprepositionalverbs

7.3Particles

7.4Verbalidioms

8Prepositionalidiomsandfossilisation

第八章、Negationandrelatedphenomena

(—)主要内容：

INegativeandpositiveclauses

2Subclausalnegation

3Clausalnegation

4Non-affinnativeitems

5Scopeofnegation

(二)重点和难点：

INegativeandpositiveclauses

-positivepolarity

-negativepolarity

2Subclausalnegation

-subclausal

3Clausalnegation

3.1Verbalnegation

-dummyauxiliarydo

3.2Non-verbalclausalnegation

-not

-absolutenegators

-approximatenegators

4Non-affinnativeitems

-polarity-sensitive

-positive/negativeorientation

5Scopeofnegation

-scope

-hasscopeover

第九章、Clausetype:asking,exclaiming,anddirecting

(—)主要内容：

1Clausetypeandspeechacts

2Interrogativesandquestions

3Exclamatives

4Imperativesanddirectives

5Minorclausetypes

(二)重点和难点：

1Clausetypeandspeechacts

-speechacts

-statements,questions,commands,exclamations

-clausetypes

-correspondencebetweenclausetypesandspeechacts

-clausetypevs.sentencetype

2Interrogativesandquestions

2.1Theformofclosedinterrogatives

2.2Polarquestionsandalternativequestions

2.3Interrogativetags

2.4Theformofopeninterrogatives

2.5Openquestionsandtheiranswers

2.6Informationquestionsanddirectionquestions

2.7Echoquestions

3Exclamatives

3.1Thestructureofexclamativeclauses

3.2Exclamativewhatandhow

4Imperativesanddirectives

4.1Theformofimperativeclauses

4.2Firstpersonimperatives

4.3Usesoftheimperative

4.4Non-imperativedirectives

5Minorclausetypes

补充章InvestigatingEnglishGrammarthroughcorpora

IwillpresentthreeexamplesofhowwecanusecorporaininvestigatingEnglish

grammar:

First,investigatingthechangeincomplementuseinAmericanEnglish;

Second,investigatingsemanticprosodyofintensifiers

Third,investigatingfeaturesofAmericanpresidentialspeechthroughcorpora.

五、课程教学方法与手段

教学主要采取课堂授课与课外练习两种形式。课堂讲授与讨论、课外自学与辅导、理论

学习与实践练习等相结合；课堂、多媒体和网络相结合的立体化教学。在教学中必须结合学

生的实际情况，要按照大纲要求，删繁就简，讲练结合，重点突出，培养学生对语言结构的

敏感性，从而发挥语法在语言运用中的指导性。本课程除了介绍英语语法的基本结构规律外,

还强调理论联系实际和情景联系，配合足够的□笔头练习，加强语言的基本功训练。提高自

觉正确运用语法和掌握语法的意识和能力。精讲多练，精选例句，力求提高趣味性，提高学

生兴趣。

六、实践环节及基本要求

无

七、各教学环节学时分配表

飞学环

节\

课堂习题讨论

实验实践设计其它小计

讲授课课

教学时数

课程内容

（一）Introductionto

22

EnglishGrammar

（二）Anoverviewof

EnglishGrammatical22

structures

（三）Anoverviewof

EnglishGrammatical22

structures

（四）Verbtense,22

aspectandmood

（五）Verbtense,

22

aspectandmood

（六）Interimsummary,

22

reviewandquiz

（-t）Clausestructure,

complementsand22

adjuncts

（7k）Clausestructure,

complementsand22

adjuncts

（九）Prepositionsand

22

prepositionalphrases

（十）Prepositionsand

2