中国社会公益慈善指南：自然环境CHINA ISSUE GUIDE ENVIRONMENTAL PHILANTHROPY

PScentreforAsianphilanthropyandsocietyNewsletter:bit.ly/caps-wdgAllrightsreservedY2alleviation.internationalphilanthropistswhounderstandtheYhisreportisthesecondinourseriesexamining“philanthropywithChsustainablelivelihenvironmentalimpactdisclosuresandtherehabilitatcost.Adeterioratingenvironmentthreatensnotcitizens’healthandlivelihoodsbfutureeconomicgrowthandglobalefflandcontaminationposeserioushealthriskscommunities.Thecostisnotjustsocial:thebillforbillionsofdollars.inaddressingenvironmentaldegradandrehabilitatenature,theintroductionofrestrictionsonpollutingactivities,andapubliccallforcorporationsandcommunitiestoembracesuccessfullymobilizedprivatesectorsupporttoapoverty,thegovernmentislikelyconsitacticstoaddressutransformationandlowcarbtobusinessandphilanthropicinvestmentopportunities.thatenvironmentalconsiderationsmustbepartofseparatedfromtheenvironmentalimpactonourplanet.organizationsarebuildingouttheircapameaningfulbondswithgovernmentandcogovernment-affiliatedphilanthropyinChina.ItprovidestheirnumberhasincrtheInstituteofPublicandEnvironmentalAffairexaminesthecurrentstateofthetheseriousenvironmentalchallenges,catenvironmentalpollution,climatechangeandecologtoll.Thechapteralsooutlinesthestrategiesbesuccessfulimplementationofanenvironmentalkindsofprojects.Whiletheenvironmentcurrentlyreceivesrelativelylittleattentionandexistingprojects—combinedwithsignallingtotheprivatesectorthascalingupofenvironm“philanthropywithChinesecharacteristics”:strongalignmentwithgovernmentpriorities,leveragingofbusinessskills,pilotedinnovationsthatgrowintopublicsectoradoption,andapragmatic,tradi4areworkingonlong-termviablesolutionsforamoresustainablefuture.themfindtheirnicheandcrafttheirstrategyforcreatingYprosperity”(“共同富裕”),agoalwhicheinmovingthecountryforwardinwaysprosperity.3Thisreportispartofafour-partseriesontheroleofindividualandcorportohelpreadersbemorestrategiforward.Finally,wehopetobetterinfcharacteristics”generallylooklike?China’sphilanthropyisunique:whiletheuniversal—helpingoandculturalcomposition.Aholisticunderstandingofenvironmentalphilanthropy.whatarethekeyenvironmentalprioritiesofthe4.Howalignedisenvironmentalphilfilledthroughphilanthropicandsocialinvestmentinitiatives?recommendationsforenvironmentalphilanthropyandprovincial-levelinformationdisclosureplatformsandtriangulateditagainstthird-partydatabanksand6Thereportisdividedintothreechaptersandafinalsectiononnextsteps.ThefirstchapterisanoverviewofChinesephilanthropy(individual,corporateandgovernment-affiliated)anditsevolutioninrecentyears.WhilesomeofthenomenclaturesofphilanthropyarethesameinChinaasinothercountgivingcanbedescribedas“philanthropywithChinesecharacteristics.”Inthefirstchapter,weexplorewhatthismeans.InstituteofPublicandEnincludingenvironmentalpollutionandchallengesrelatedadditionalfundingandattention.Thethirdchapterfocusesonwherefundingisgoingundertheenvironmentalumbrellaandwhy.Italsospotlightsexamplesofphilanthropicprojectsinunderservedareastoillustratetherolephilanthropyinenvironmentalphilanthropy:ahow-togourobservationsofthecurrentstatusandpYneofthemostimportantdistinctionstonotecertaintermstakeonmeaningsdistinofcharitablefunds,7States,notallofthemaregrantmakinginstitutions.characteristics.”foundations.“Individual”foundations(typicallygrantmaking.MembersoftheboardofdirecbigbusinessesandtheirownertocarryouttheirpersonalphilanthropyotherstosupportandnurtureChineseentrepreneursengaginginenvironmentalprotewell-knownindividualsigroupfoundationsdominateenvironm08philanthropists,itisimportanttopoolresourcestomakeindividualfoundationsgobeyondtraditionalgr+expertmanagementcommittee,”theFutianDistrictgovernmentandthemanageresponsibleforsupervisingandmonitoringtheworkactivities.“ThegoalforgovernmentprocuretheexpertiseofsocialorganizationsFutianDistrictgovernmentofficial.10Thegrowthofalltypesophilanthropyisgroundedinhelpiorbolsteringexisting(primarilygovernment)socialitisimportanttolookiphilanthropyandcorporatesocialresponsibilityarecarriedout.First,thegreatercontextbeattributedbothtothecountry’smgrowthandthegovernment’seffortsphilanthropy.andindividualsandchargovernmenttounderstandtheimportanceophilanthropiccontributions.Thisrecognition,alongwithsomescandalsrelatedtodevelopmentofnewcofregulationsforthecharittoencourageindividuintroducingtaxincentivehelpingtobuildaccounbycreatingclearrulesocialwelfareorganizationsrdomesticcontributions.essentialtoidentifytheChinesechaphilanthropy,fourinparticular.FirstandforemoChinesephilanthropyinitiativesbysupplementingexistingprogramsandfillingYupeffective,efficientandsustainabprograms.InChina,findingawinUtilizingbusinessacumenwitleadstothethirdcharacteristicofChinesethepilotingofaninnovativearea.Thelastdefiningchaphilanthropywithenvironment-relatedexamplesatthetellingusaboutthecurrentphilanthropylandscape.Let’sstartwiththe“where.”theseareas.AccordingtoWeawiththemostbillionaires.15ThepositivecorrelationisalsoevidencedintheBlueBookofPhilanthropHeilongjiangInnerJilinInnerMongoliaLiaoningXinjiangBeijingTianjinShaanxiJiangsuAnhuiTibetTibetand2018annualreportssubmitted2000“Systemic”foundations(系统基金会)areoftenreferredtocollnongovernmentalorganizations).organizationsaffiliatedwiththeenvironmentalsectorismainlyfoundations,unlikethehealthsectordistinguishedbytheirstructuresandmissions.“Community”foundations(社区基金会)refertofoundationsthattakesolvingcopredominatelyfromcorporateswhiletheremainderfoundationsoperateinawaymostsimiespeciallyinrecentyears,theirsmallcomparedtoothregulationsthatallowthemmoreroomtomaneuvercollecttax-exemptdonationsathroughdomesticmedia.“Educational”foundations(教育基金会)areinitiatedtraininginstitutetofacilitatefundraisingfromalumni,Itisclearthatallaremushroomingatmultichartstheproliferationoftheseprefectureandcounty-centralgovernment’srelaxationofcharityregistrationlawsanddelegationofadministrativeauY theconstructionofaruralprimaryschoolcanteen,ratherthanmultilocationalinterventionssuchastheintroductionofamentalhealthcurriculuminsecondarysteerprivateresourcestowardhelwiththisincreasedphilanthropyha●● 3075. 23.88ThereisyetanotherwaytocategorizefoundationsinChina:“public”(公募)or“private”(非公募).ThisdiffehavegovernmentapprovaltofundraisefromthWhilethenumberoftrainedphilanthropicprofessionalsisgrowing,thesectorstillne9-13.75millionpeopletofillthepositioexperiencedphilantwhounderstandtheroleofpallowingprojectsandprandimpactful.philanthropistsareincreasinglysupportingcapacitydifficultformanysocialwelfareorganizationstoobtatheskillsnecessarytodotheirjobswell,regardlessBuildinguptheskillsofstaffinlocalsocialorganizatiThisisespeciallytruewhenconfrontingenvichallengesassubject-specificknowledgeriseof“philanthropywithChinesecharacteristics.”seemsimilartotheirWesterncounterparts,acloserkeydifferenceisthefirstcharacteristicmentioned:fundamentaldifferencebetwAsianinstitutionstendtoworkintandemwiththatindividualandcorporatefoundationsworkawiththegovernment(atminimum)anButphilanthropists’linkageandidentificationwiththeandkeepaligningourgetthingsdonetogetherthere,Iwouldhaveneitherthegapbetweenthericbusinesswillbecomenvironmentalprotection,progenvironmentalphilanthropy.YMaJun,DirectoroftheInstitutistoryhasshownthatindustrializationandthefirstfederallawtocontrolairpollutionatanationalUS$22.2trillionincumulmortalitybenefits.28FurtheramendmentswerepassedUSambientconcentrationsoffineparticulatematterUKmortalityratesattributedtoPM2.pollutionproblemsthrougheffortsmadebythenationaloflimitedattentionandinsufficientaccountabilitysectorshaveresultedintglobalmanufacturerofover220industrialproduincludingsteel,cement,automobiles,airconditioners,pollutiontargets,inadequatemonitoringinfrastructurepowergeneration—itsonlyrelativelyplentifulfossilfuelTheenvironmentalpollutionfromthisextensiveairpollutionasprematured36MetricsandEvaluationconcludesthataithethird-leadingcauseofprematuredeathanddisaTheeffectsofwaterpollutiononheareportsof“cancervillages”(“癌症村”)havetractioninthemedia.Mosthecorrelationbetweenpollutionandtumors.”38Theresearchstatedthatsinglefactor,anditisnotonlyindustrialpollutioalsoagriculturalandindoorpollutionthataffectstheirhealth.39Planning,followingIntegratedEnvironmenvironmentaldegradationindepolicyformulationandlaunchedlarge-scalepollutioncontrolandenvironmentalprotectionmeasures.Ithasmademajorachievementsinairpollutiopollution.Currently,Chinaisaimingimprovementofenvironmentalqu“HealthyChina”(“健康中国”)by2030andabecategorizedasenvironmentalpollution,clEnvironmentalpollutionhasreceivedtodate,butthereisacceleratingconcer410“Theenvironmentaldegradationcostmainlyincludesthecostscausedbyairpollution,waterpollution,andlandoccupationofsolidwastecomponents:damagetohumanhealth,lpollutioncostsincludehumanhealthloss,agriculturallosscausedbysewageirrigation,additionaltreatmentcostofindustrialpollutedwater,economiclossoYenvironmentalpollutioncontrol,manyareasremainlacking.Airqualityandsurfacewaterofficials.Accordingtothe2019ReportontheStateoftheEcologyandEnvironmentinChina,ofthe337citiessectionsunderanationalmonitoringprogram,onlythatitcannotbeusedforindustryoragrhasprioritizedregulationofsubstancesthatprhighlytoxic,butcontrofhigh-pollutingandenergy-intensiveindustrieslikehumanhealthandtheenvironmentifedischargedwithoutpropertreatment.44populationtapstheirdrinkingwaterfromunderground,stilldeteriorating,whichmakespollutionpreventionGradeIV,whichmeanswaterfitonlyforindustrialgroundwaterwellsmonitorednaiodide,totaldissolvedsolids,iron,flsoildegradationandpollution,whichcontinworsenwithChina’sindustrializationandurbanization.Comparedtoairandwaterpollution,soilmaytakemuchlongertosurface,soitistoidentifythepolluters.Furthermore,thecontaminantsagriculturalregions.52Soilqualitydirectlyimpactsfoodsamplesfromcanteensandrestawithcadmium,sparkingpublicconcern.53Newpoandcomplexityofremediationworkwillbbillion)forsoilpollutionpreventionandremediation,soilsinurbanandruralareasisestimatedat¥9trillionUnderlyingpollutioncontrolchallengesisthestateincineratedorsenttolandfills.Thhandledinotherways.57AccordiontheStateoftheEcologyandEnvironment,24,000informalandunauthorizedsolidwastedumpingpollution,nottomentionrecyclingandreClimatechangeisanotherimportantenvironmentalbecomethelargestcarbonemitterintheworld,althoughtheUSremainsthelarges2)emissionscurrentlyaccountfoncarbonemissionvolume,2emissionfromfossilfuelandindustrialpurposesinasafeedstockinseveralintheworld’sleadingproducerofcoal,athecountry’ssealevelrsince1980at72miloindustrialstructure,publictransportationsystemsandpeople’slifestylesAchievingcarbonneutralitywillrequirenolessthatransformationofChina’Followingits30-60decarbonizationcommialreadyplannedreformsacrossmultipleareasincludinggovernmentsupervision,corporatpublicparticipation,withimplementationtofollow.beenpromotedasnature-biodiversityisanotherareaofcriticaecosystems,whichareimportantforterrains,itisoneof17“mega-biodiverse”countriesinfwildanimalsarethreateneYtolandhabitats,freshwaterbiodiversstabilizedandevenmanyfish,amphibianstermtrendsofdeforestationanddesertificacontributorofforestenvironmentalcountiesaremainlydistributedinwesterninitseco-environmentalqualitdeterioration.73andsomestudiespredictthahealthhazards.ThectorecognizethattraditionaldevelopmentminthehistoryofChinainformationtothepublicstartingfrom2013.Tprotection.includingecologicalfragility,biodiversityandnaturalecosystemdeteriorationfromovergrazExperimentationwith“publicparticipation”and“multistakeholdergovernance”hasresultedinstableoffewermassincidentsarisingfromenvironmentalissues.Informationdisclosureabouttheenvironformapositiveinteraction,aligningtoworktogethertoadvocateforandsupinformationtransparencyandpublicparticipationtheMinistryofEnvironmentalProMeasuresfortheSelf-MonitoringandInformation信息公开管理办法)tolaunchtheworld’sfirstsystemforenterprisestomonitortheirpollutiondischargesinrealafullsection,Article5,tostrengthenandinstitutionalizepublicparticipationandinformationdisclosure.In理体系的指导意见),whichfurtherclarifiesandhighlightstheresponsibilityandroleofpublicparticipationinenvironmentalprotection.77taxed,aswellasamendmentsatmosphericpollution(2018),In2018,agovernmentrestructuringcreatedtheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment,integratingresponsibilitiesforenvironmentalprotectionandrestoration,andtheMinistryofNaturalResourcestowhiletherewasaMinistryofEnvironmentProtection(establishedin2008)atafullministry-level,manyrelevantfunctionsweredecentralizedtootheragenciessuchastheMinistryofWaterResources,theMinistrywaterqualitymonitoring;theNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionforaddressinggreenhouseAdministrationformarinepollution.Governmentofficialsandscholarsusedtheidiom“ninedragonsrulethewaters”(九龙治水)todescribethepreviousbureaucraticarrangementforwaterregulation.Therestructuringshowsacommitmenttogreatercoordinationandregulatoryeffectiveness.78guidelinesincludingtheEnvironmentalProtectiontheAdministrativeMeasuresforPollutantEmissionimprovementinthequalandcontrol.Furthermore,tocombatpollution,oneimportantapproachwasthereformoffundamentalgovernmentsarefulfillingtheirenvironmentalresponsibilities,makinginspectionvisitsandestablishingaresponsibilitysystemandperforassessmentmechanismsformeetingenvironmentalprotectiontargets.MinistryofEcologyanReportontheStateoftheEcologyandEnvironmentinwaterqualityalsoshowedsignificantimprovementinextraordinaryfactors(withlevelsofpollutantsdroppingduringlockdowns),butthemanufacturedover80milliontonsofpllargestcontributortogreenhousegasgreentransportation,greenconsumpti83Withtherestartingofenergy-intensiveindustries,therewillbeareboundMeanwhile,droughtcoloweredenergyoutputsfromhydroelectYenvironmentalchallinternationalsituation,China’stopbuildinga“communitywithasharedfutureformankind”(“人类命运共industrialcivilizationandopeningconceptof“ecologicalcivilization”PresidentXiremarked,“alsostressedthat“theeccomeatacriticalmoment.Chinaisatatransitionpointwhereofficialhigaspirationaltheoryregardingtheenvirolike“BeautifulChina”(“美丽中国”)and“ecologicalcivilization”(“生态文明”)andphrasessuchas“mountainsofgoldandsilver”developedincentivestructureadministration.TheparticipationoftheInstituteofPublicecologicalandenvironmentmetricsforofficialsprovidesoptimismthatsystemicmetricsisthechallenge:therearemanydiffemultidimensional,highlycomplexandinterrelatedwithotherdevelopmenttargetsandalsocrossjurisdictions.Also,inecologicaldeteriorationTherefore,itisespeciallyimportanttostriveforgreatertransparencyofenvironmentalprotectionwork.And,“Recognizingthat‘ourcouldstrivetofinddevelopmentopportunitieswhileecologicalconservatiostrengthenincentivesforprivatesectordecision-makingperformancemonitoringaenvironmentalprotectionprojects.inappropriatedevelopmentpractices,environdestructionofecosystemsincludingfreshwateranddamageuntiltheseproblemsdirectlyaffecttheirlives,ThecolorcodeonthemapreferstotheAirQualityIndex(AQI)economicgrowthandenvironthatshiftedfromraisingawarenessofenvironmentalonlyfacilitateslocalresidenindialoguetoincreaseconcernsbutalsoimplementspublicparticipationmechanismstoaddressthem.improvingmonitoringsystemstoenhaenvironmentalinformationdassistsinformedpublicparticipation;alsocontributedtopolicymakingprocessestenvironmentalprotectionprojects,whichoftenrequireprotectionbecomemainstream,corporatesadozensofmajorglobalbrands,inclconductedenvironmentaldtherebydrivingimprovemstrengthensenvironmentalregulation;introducespublicsupervision;mobilizesmarketprocurement,investment,financingandhelpsenterprislow-carbondevelopment.Aimingmanufacturingfacilities,IPEalsoworkswiththegovernmentandcorporatestoimproveinformationenvironmentalperformance.earliestenvironmentalnonprofitsinmajorenvironmentalinpublicinterestligation,includingthefirstpreventivelitigationforwildlifeinChina.91Similarly,YcanalsocontributetopolicymakiAssociationofEnvironmentalJournalistscommonmodelofcommunitygarbagesorting(ProposalforRegulationsontheManagementofDomesticquantitativeevaluationofChineseentrepreneurenvironmentalprotection,raisingtheirawarenessandcapacitythroughleaimplementingalargenumberofenvironmentalprojects.discerningregardingdomesticandglobalenvironimpact,newopportunitiesforbusinessandphFollowingitscarbonpeakandneutralitycommitmentcomprehensiveplanforitsgreentrantonstonetzero.Thistremendousatrillion-dollarinvestmentandpresentsmanybusinessandsocialinvestmentopportunitphilanthropists.Forexampandlow-carbontechnologiesawaitfurtherdevelopmentdistribution;industrialenergyefficiencyandlow-carbonproduction;carboncapture,utilizationnature-basedsolutions;low-carbontransportation;zero-carbonbuildings;andmoreenergy-efficientconsumerproducts.Minimizingtheenvironmentalfootprintofproduction,sourcingandinvexpertiseandenablestrongerpartnershipsdomesticallyandlow-carbontechnologisolutionswiththegovernmentandcorporates,theirscaleandeffectivenesswillpollutiontopromotinggreenerlifestyles,whichcallsinstructiononhowtheimplementationofgarbclassificationisanimportantreflectionofthelevelofsocialcivilization.94Mandatorygarbaallowsforthesubsequentrecyclmetalandfabric.Enterprisesshouldactivelyparticipinbuildingaclosed-loAccordingtothe2019ChinaSustainableConsumptioniscurrentlyalackolimitedavailabilityoforganicfoocertificationofgreenlow-carbonproduenhanceitscredibilactivitiesthatsupportenvironmentalimprovement,ofresources,”includingfinancialservicesrelatedtoprojectsinthefieldsofenvironmentalprotection,hadissued¥12.5trillion(environmentalconcernthataresignificantlyunder-resourced:groundwaterandofvisibilityandpraiseasotherenvironmentalprojects,philanthropiccontributionstowardtheseareaswouldmakeanimportantimpact.pollution,climatechangeprotection,incorporatingengagementfromthepublicpolicymaking;strengthenincentivesforprivatesectordecision-making;andcreateaccountabilitythroughinformationdisclosureandpublicsupervisiassistedinmobilizingmarketforcproduction,procurementandinvestmentespeciallyregardingairandsurfacewaterpollutionresourcestotechniinternationalpartnerships.Lookingahead,withfurtherexpansionofenvironmentalinformationdisclosuremechanisms,corporations,financialinstitutions,investorsandconsumerswillallhavthatwillincentivizepollutionandcarbonemissionsreductionsonalargerscale.OwilltherebeanoverallgreentransformationofChiYfoundationsself-identifienvironmentrankslowestintermsofthenumberof“wildlife”and“treeplanting,”wefoundthattagged Bureaus.Inthesereports,foundationsgrouptheirprojectsintocategoriessuchashealth,education,etc.Thisiswhatwe“publicwelfare&philanthropysectordevelopment,”environmentalprojectsthankstoofficialattentionatthe4.62millionY withapronouncementthatmayinfluenceenvironmentalheraldedthecreationofthefirstbatchterrestrialwildlifespecies.102Althoughprotectedareasnewnationalparksis(US$231.8million),tosupporfractionoftheUS$598-824billioninvolvementinenvironmentapoliciesmeanttoaddressenvironmentalpollution,thefirstactiveencouragemenowemployingasimilarstrategytohenvironment.107litigationtobecarriedoutinlinewithenvironmentalobjectives,which,attimethethematicbreakdownofprojectsself-taincrediblewealthforitscitizens,thepublichealthencouragejudicialredressthroughpublicinterestenvironmentallitigation.whichpublicinterestlitigationtoaddresspublicprocuratorates(similartostateprosecutors)can“instituteacivilactionagainstconductsthatresultinenvironmentalpollution,infringesconsumerrights,orotherwiseharmtheinterestofthepublic,”evenenvironmentalpublicinterestlawsuitsinitiatedbylegislationallowingphilanthropytosupportthistypeoflitigation.onenvironmentalprotectionpublicinterestactivitiesforatleastfiveconsecutiveyearscanfilelitigationagainstactivitiesthatcauseenvironmentalpollutionthataround700organizationswereeligibletobringenvironmentalpublicinterestlawsuits.111Buteligibilityandhavingthefinancialandhumanresourcewherewithaltocarryoutsuchlegislationarenotyetinsyncexample,ENGOlitigantcases,philanthropicsupportcanhelp.FriendsofNature,withthesupportofJackMa’sAlibabaFoundation,hassetupChina’sfirstfunddedictoprovidingfinancialsupportforENGOsworkingonenvironmentallitigation.113TheShenzhengovernmentenvironmentallitigation.PassedinAugust2020,theRegulationsonEcologicalandEnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigationintheShenzhenSpecialEconomicZone114establishedanenvironmentalpublicinterestfund,whichistobemanagedasacharitabletrust.Itwillbeusedforexpensesrelatedtothelitigation.Inadditiontophilanthropicsupport,thefundreceivesmoneyfrompenaltiespaidforecologicalandenvironmentaldamage.Procuratoratescansuegovernmentregulatorsordepartmentscarryingoutofficialduties,whicharecasesthatcitizengroupscannotbring.viWhilethe2020figureaboveseemstoindicateauthorities’leadingroleininitiatingenvironmentalpublicinterestlawsuits,thishastobetakenwithapinchofsalt.AccordingtLawSchoolProfessorXiaYing,“Procuratoratesaredrivenbypoliticalpressuretomeettheevaluationtargets.Sotheyaremostinterestedingrowingthenumberofcasestheybrought.Thereforethedefendantstheyhavechosenareoftensmaorlowerhangingfruit.”115environmental