高中英语复习提升-语言点 (三)

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld

WordsandexpressionsfromUnit2EnglishAroundtheWorld

PeriodOne:PartOne:keywordsforwanningupandreading

Include1.v.tobeoneoftheparts;tomakesomethingorsomeonepartofalargergroup:Ourtour

partyincludedseveralretiredcouples.Theteamislookingstrong;especiallynowtheyhaveincluded

Beckham.2.including&included:Everyonehastogotothedentist's,youincluded.Therewere

twelveofus,includingTomandme.

1.native:1•本土的,本地的adj・yournativecountryortownistheplacewhereyouwereborn:They

neversawtheirnativelandagain.2.nativelanguage/tongue母语：thelanguageyouspokewhenyou

firstlearnedtospeak.3.N本地人.apersonwhowasborninaparticularplace：Areyouanativeof

NewYork?

2）actually=infact::事实上

3）Enrich:en+adj:——vt:使变得

4）Base.vt1.basein以为据点、总部：TheybasedtheircompanyinShanghai.

TheircompanyisbasedinShanghai.2.baseon；以为基汇出：Weshouldbaseouropinionson

facts.ThefilmisbasedonanovelbyLu、Xun.

N.底部，底座；总部,基地；（有形的）:the-ofthebuilding/cup/company

Basis:基础，根据；（抽象的）：the〜ofhistheoryon~of以为基础

5）latter（两者中的后者）:ilikethelatterbook.JohnandJamesarebrothers.Theformerisa

teacher,andthelatterisanengineer.

Late,adj/adv:迟的,晚的,

Later,adj.后期的，较晚的，adv.后来

Latest,adjl最新的，最近的，lately.adv.最近，近来

PartTwo:keyphrases.

1.becauseof=astheresultof；=owingto=dueto（dueto不能位于句首）

Hehadtoretire~illhealth.Shegotthejobbecauseshewasthebestcandidate.

Thanksto幸亏，多亏；就怪Thankstoyourhelp,Ipassedtheexam.

Wewentthewrongway,thankstoyourbadidea.

2comeup:1.tobementioned被提出（主语是被提出的内容）：Alotofnewquestionscameupatthe

meeting.2.tobeabouttohappensoon快来至lj：Don'tyouhaveabirthdaycomingupsoon?3.tomove

nearsomeoneorsomethingbywalking走过来，走至U：Comeuptothefrontoftheroomsoeveryone

canseeyou.Comeupwith:提出(主语是提出者)；Hecameupwithsomegoodideasatthe

meeting.

Otherverbalphrasesof"come"

comeabout=tohappen:发生：Canyoutellmehowtheaccidentcameabout?

comeacross=tomeetorfindsomethingorsomeonebychance;Icameacrosssomeoldcoinsin

thedrawer.

Comeout:被出版，发行：Hisnewnovelcameoutlastweek.

3present:adj.1.bepresent:a)tobeinaparticularplace:Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthe

meetingyesterday?(oppositeof44absent")b)toberememberedforalongtime存在的：Thememory

ofthedisasterlastyearisstillpresentinhermind.2.(onlybeforenoun)existingnow当今，现在的:

Whafsyourpresentaddress?c.f.Whathesaidamusedallthepeoplepresent.(所有在场的人)

4,suchas:z(例举的事物不是全部，且位于名词前面。Forexample:可用于句中，句首，句末，

前后用逗号隔开。Thatis=namely:例举所有的事物：

Hecanspeakfourlanguages,suchasFrench,German.Hecanspeakfourlanguagesthatis

A,B,C,D.

PeriodTwoandThree:Warming-upandReading

TheRoadToModernEnglish

PartOne:Warming-up:词组：(1)名词

前带冠词：gototheconcert/fashionshow/supermarket/nightmarket/ameeting/a

lecture/(2)名词前不带冠词：Gotoschool/work/bed

/church简单英式英语与美式英语比较

1用词不同；

BritishEnglishAmericanEnglish

手机mobilephonecellphone

笔记本电脑laptopnotebook

秋天autumnfall

支票chequecheck

裤子trouserspants

酒吧pubbar

修理repairfix

搭配不同：

在街上inthestreeton~

在周末attheweekendon〜

在拐弯处atthecorneron~

一楼thegroundfloorthefirstfloor

一种asortofakindof

当心lookoutwatchout

打电话ringsbupcallsbup

PartTwo:Asamplelessonplanforreading

(THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH)

Aims:1.TotalkaboutvarietiesofEnglish2.ToreadaboutthehistoryofEnglish

languageProceduresI.

Warmingup

1.Warmingupbyansweringaquestionnaire

1).Tellthestudentstheyaregoingtoansweraquestionnaireaboutwhytheyare

learningEnglish.

2).Writethewords:Reasonsforlearningaforeignlanguageonthecenteroftheboard:

3).Askthestudentstosuggestasmanyreasonsastheycanthinkof,forexample,for

work,asahobby,tolearnaboutotherpeople,totravel,toreadliteratureinthe

original,toreadresearchpapers,tomeetforeigners,tosurftheInternet,topass

exams,etc.Writetheirsuggestionsontheboardastheymakethem.

Questionsforthestudentstoanswer.

1)WhatarealltheEnglish-speakingcountriesintheworld?

2).WhatarethereasonsforthespreadofEnglisharoundtheworld.

★EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesoftheOlympicGamesandtheUnitedNations.

★Englishdominatesinternationalwebsitesandprovidesnearlyal1ofthenewcomputer

terminology.

★TourismandtradefromWesternEuropeandNorthAmericahascontributedtothespread

ofEnglish.

★SatelliteTV,radioprogramslikeJoyFM,CDsand,ofcourse,Hollywoodfilmsall

broadcastEnglishintoChina.Also,anumberofChinesefilmsincludeEnglishsubtitles.

ILReading

1.Skimming:Readquicklytogetthemainideaofthetext.

Letthestudentsfindoutkeysentenceofeachparagraphoraskthemtosummarizethe

mainpointforeachparagraphintheirownwords.

Paragraph1:ThespreadoftheEnglishlanguageintheworld

Paragraph2:Nativespeakercanunderstandeachotherbuttheymaynotbeableto

understandeverything.

Paragraph3:Alllanguageschangewhenculturescommunicatewithoneanother.

Paragraph4:Englishisspokenasaforeign1anguageorsecondlanguageinAfricaand

Asia.

2.Scanning

ReadtolocateparticularinformationandcompletethecomprehendingExerciseOne.

1).DoyouthinkitmatterswhatkindofEnglishyoulearn?Why?

Possibleanswer:

Idon'tthinkso.Herearethereasons:

★Nativespeakersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldhavenodifficultyinunderstanding

eachotherdespitethefactthattheyspeakabitdifferently.

★Itisnecessaryforustolearnthenarrowdifferencebetweendifferentkindsof

EnglishifwehopetocommunicatefluentlywithnativespeakersofEnglishfromal1

overtheworld.

★DifferentkindsofEnglishhavethesamelanguagecore.Ifyouhavegotagoodcommand

ofonekind,youwillalmosthavenodifficultyunderstandinganotherkindofEnglish.

2)DoyouthinkwehavetoknowthedifferencesbetweenAEandBE?

(Anypersuasiveandsupportingreasonthestudentsgivecanbeaccepted.)

3)WhydoyouthinkpeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnEnglish?

Possibleanswer:

Thereasonswhypeopleal1overtheworldwanttolearnEnglish:

★Witheconomyglobalization,Englishhasbecomethebestbridgetoservethepurpose

ofpeopleallovertheworldcommunicatingwithoneanother.

★However,likeallmajorlanguagesintheworld,Englishisalwayschanging.Inorder

toadjusttonativespeakersfromdifferentpartsoftheworld,itisamustforpeople

allovertheworldtolearnEnglish,whetherinEnglishspeakingcountriesorin

non-Englishspeakingcountries.

★Also,peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldspeakEnglishwithvariousaccent

anddialects,andpeoplehavetolearnaboutthedifferencebetweendifferentkinds

ofEnglishinordertoavoidmisunderstandingwhilecommunicating.(Al1persuasive

reasonscanbeaccepted.)

4.Languagefocus:

1)evenif=eventhough:inspiteofthefact;nomatterwhether:Helikestohelpus

evenifheisverybusy.

2)communicatewith:exchangeinformationorconversationwithotherpeople:Helearnt

tousebody1anguagetocommunicatewithdeafcustomers.

3)actually=infact:usedwhenyouareaddingnewinformationtowhatyouhavejust

said:We'veknownforyears.Actually,sincewewerebabies.

4)bebasedon…：

5)makeuseof:usesth.available

6)Onlytimewilltell:tosaythatsomethingcanonlybeknowninthefuture:Will

China'snationalfootballteamenterforthenextfinalsoftheWorldCup?Onlytime

willtell.

3)Someotherkeylanguagepoints;

(1)presentandpastparticipleusedasAttributeeg:English

spokeninEngland(二which/thatwasspokeninEngland)表示完成和被动：peoplelearning

EnglishinChina(=whoarelearningEnglishinChina)表示进行和主动:

4)anumberof&thenumberof:anumberof大量的(其后谓语动词用复数)There

areanumberofstudentsinthepicture.照片上有很多学生。thenumber

of的数目(其后谓语动词用单数)Thenumberofpeoplehasreached50.人数己

经达到了50人。

5)形容词的比较级形式表示最高级含义：Shakespearewasabletomakeuseofawider

vocabularythaneverbefore.一般结构

为：anyother+单数名词/anyoftheother+pl

比较级+thananyoneelse/anythingelse(else不能省)

6.Homework：Usetheexpressionstomakesomesentencesandthenformaparagrphs.

BecauseoftheinfluenceofstrongAmericaneconomics,anumberofpeoplepreferto

useAmericanEnglishinsteadofBritishEnglish.Actually,AmericanEnglishcomesfrom

theBritishEnglish.InternetalsomainlyuseAmericanEnglishbecauseAmericaplays

animportantpartintheworld.

Chinaisacountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld.Atpresent,manyyoung

peoplechoosetolearnEnglish.ManyofthemcanspeakEnglishfluentlyandhavebecome

fluentEnglishspeakers.NowthenumberofEnglishspeakersinChinaissolargethat

someChinesewordsareusedinEnglishsuchasToufu,Kongfu.

PeriodFour:

PartTwo:NewwordsforComprehending

l.role:n•角色1.thecharacterplayedbyanactorinaplayorfilm;thepositionthatsomeonehasin

societyoranorganization:Matthewsplaystheroleofayoungdoctorinthefilm.Womenareoften

forcedintoasupportiveroleinthefamily.2.作用playaleading/major/keyrole/partin起重要作用

MandelaplayedaleadingroleinendingapartheidinSouthAfrica.Whatpartdoesmusicplayinour

life?Didyouplayapartinthefighting?Heplayedakeyroleinthemovement.

2.command:1.vi&vt.=order命令，要求：(跟从句时用虚拟should+do)Hecommandedhis

mentoattackatonce.Theteacher-edthatheshouldgooutoftheclassroom.The

captain*s〜wasthatallsoldiersshouldstartoffatfiveinthemorning.2.掌握，拥有：指挥Dr.Young

commandsagreatdealofrespectasasurgeon.Whowill〜thetroops?

Nl.命令，FirewhenIgiveyuthecommand.Allofyuheremustobeymycommands.2.控制，指

挥：hehas12oomenunderhiscommand.

Thepolicearrivedandtook-ofthesituation.Forthefirsttimeinyears,!feltin~ofmylife.Beat

one's~由某人支配，听某人的吩咐1amnowatyour〜，whatwouldyulikemetodo?3,知识的掌

握，运用get/haveagoodcommandofEnglish(=toget/haveagoodmasteryofEnglish).

3.request:1.vt.正式,礼貌的请求,要求:requestthat(should)+v/requestsb.todosth.:Thestaff

requestedthathereconsiderhisdecision.He~edacellphonefromme.Allclubmembersare

requestedtoattendtheannualmeeting.2.N.正式的请求，要求apolitedemandforsomething:They

havemadeanurgentrequestforinternationalaid.Hewentthereattherequestofhis

manager.(应某人的请求)on~一经要求：Wewillofferourhelptothemonrequest.

4.recognize:vt.1.认出,Susancamehomesothinandweakthatherownchildrenhardlyrecognized

her.They〜edthemanwithoutdifficulty.2.认可,承认：Britishmedicalqualificationsare

recognizedinCanada.ThediplomasinThemainlandarenot~edinTaiwan.3.berecognizedas=to

bethoughtofas被公认为:Hewas-edasabigshotinChinesehistoryJulesVerne'snovelwas

recognizedasaworkofgenius.

5.straight,adj,adv.

(l):adv:立亥！J,一直：直接地;坦诚地：Come~homeafterschool.IwastootiredtowalkItoldhim

~thatIdidn'llikehim.Go〜downthisroadandthenturnleft.

PeriodFive:Grammar(II)

III.Discoveringusefulstructures

DirectandIndirectSpeech:Makingcommandsandrequestsusingindirectspeech)

1Ingroupsoffour,thinkofatleastthreecommandsyourteachersandparentsusually

give.

Youmayfollowthesesteps.

1)Chooseonewhoistogivethefirstcommand.

2)Askanotherpersoninyourgrouptotellsomebodywhatyousaid.

3)Thethirdpersonwillchangetherequestorcommandfromdirectintoindirect

speech.

4)Changerolesothateachpersongetsthechancetogivecommandsandturnthem

intoindirectspeech.

Commands:told/orderedsbtodo;

Requests:askedsbtodo:

补充：表示提议、建议时的用法

2)：直接英语为“wouldyoulikemetoposttheletterforyou?”,间接引语可用He

offeredtoposttheletterforme.

3)直接引语为"Whynot,whydon'tyouwhataboutdoing,let's"间接引语则可用

suggestdoing/thatsbshoulddo

eg:Let'sputtheourbagsintheshop”Hesuggestedputing/weshouldput

PeriodSix:UsingLanguage

(STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS)

Aims

ToreadoutandtalkaboutSTANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS

TowriteaboutlearningEnglishbybrainstorming

Procedures

1.Introduction:InChinathere9resomanydialectsthatthegovernmentencourages

thewholenationtospeakPutonghua,whichisregardedasstandardChinese.

2.Role-play:Getstudentstoworkinpairs.LetonestudentbeaChineseandtheothera

foreigner.Role-playaconversationabouttheChineselanguagetohavethemdiscusswhy

PutonghuahastobeusedinChina.

ILReading

1.Getthestudentsthinkingaboutthetopicofthetexttopredictwhatitsays.

2.Skimming:

Readquicklytofindthetopicsentenceforeachparagraph.

Para.1:ThereisnosuchathingasStandardEnglish.

Para.2:AmericanEnglishhasmanydialectswhosewordsandexpressionsare

differentfrom"standardEnglish”.

Para.3:Geographyplaysapartinmakingdialects.

3.Scanning:Workinpairs.Readthetexttolocateparticularinformation.

1).DoyouknowwhatStandardEnglishisfromthetext?

2).Whatisadialect?WhydoesAmericanEnglishhavesomanydialects?

4.Languagefocus:

1)believeitornot:usedwhenyouaregoingtosaysomethingthatistruebut

surprising:Believeitornot,Johncheatedintheexam.

2).thereisnosuch...as:usedtosaythataparticularpersonorthingdoesnotexist:

Thesedaysthereisnosuchathingasajobforlife.

3).standardEnglish:theformofEnglishthatmostpeopleinBritainuse,andthatis

notlimitedtooneareaorgroupofpeople

4).dialect:avarietyofalanguagespokenonlyinonearea,inwhichwords,or

grammarareslightlydifferentfromotherformsofthesamelanguage

5).playapart/rolein:beoneofthecausesthatmakesomethinghappen:Besides

dieting,exercisingplaysanimportantpartinlosingweight.

定语从句：

2)theway(that/inwhich/不填)+完整的简单句

Theway(that/which/不填)+不完整的简单句(一般缺少主、宾、语)

Theway(that/inwhich)heexplainedthetheorytouswastooold.

Theway(that/which)heintroducedtouswastooold.

(2):thesame…・・as:表示同一类

Thesame.....that表示同一个

(3)inwhich=where表示地点

PeriodSeven:Approachestoprocesswriting程序写作教学法

LPre-writing

1.Brainstorming

Gettingstartedcanbedifficult,sostudentsdividedintogroupsquicklyproducewords

andideasaboutthewriting.

2.Planning

Studentsmakeaplanofthewritingbeforetheystart.Theseplanscanbecomparedand

discussedingroupsbeforewritingtakesplace.

3.Generatingideas

Discoverytaskssuchascubing(Studentswritequicklyaboutthesubjectinsixdifferent

ways.1.describeit2.compareit3.associateit4.analyseit5.applyit6.argueforor

againstit.)

4.Questioning

Ingroups,theideaistogeneratelotsofquestionsaboutthetopic.Thishelpsstudents

focusuponaudienceastheyconsiderwhatthereaderneedstoknow.Theanswersto

thesequestionswillformthebasistothecomposition.

5.Discussinganddebating

Theteacherhelpsstudentswithtopics,helpingthemdevelopideasinapositiveand

encouragingway.

ILFocusingideas

1.Fastwriting

Thestudentswritequicklyonatopicforfivetotenminuteswithoutworryingabout

correctlanguageorpunctuation.Writingasquicklyaspossible,iftheycannotthinkofa

wordtheyleaveaspaceorwriteitintheirownlanguage.Theimportantthingistokeep

writing.Laterthistextisrevised.

2.Groupcompositions

Workingtogetheringroups,sharingideas.Thiscollaborativewritingisespecially

valuableasitinvolvesotherskills(speakinginparticular).

3.Changingviewpoints

Agoodwritingactivitytofollowarole-playorstorytellingactivity.Differentstudents

choosedifferentpointsofviewandthinkabout/discusswhatthischaracterwouldwrite

inadiary,witnessstatement,etc.

4.Varyingform

Similartotheactivityabove,butinsteadofdifferentviewpoints,differenttexttypesare

selected.Howwouldthetextbedifferentifitwerewrittenasaletter,oranewspaper

article,etc.

III.Evaluating,structuringandediting

l.Ordering

Studentstakethenoteswritteninoneofthepre-writingactivitiesaboveandorganize

them.Whatwouldcomefirst?Why?Hereitisgoodtotellthemtostartwithinformation

knowntothereaderbeforemovingontowhatthereaderdoesnotknow.

2.Self-editing

Agoodwritermustlearnhowtoevaluatetheirownlanguage-toimprovethrough

checkingtheirowntext,lookingforerrors,structure.Thiswaystudentswillbecome

betterwriters.

3.PeerEditingandproofreading

Here,thetextsareinterchangedandtheevaluationisdonebyotherstudents.Inthereal

world,itiscommonforwriterstoaskfriendsandcolleaguestochecktextsforspelling,

etc.Youcouldalsoaskthestudentstoreducethetexts,toeditthem,concentratingonthe

mostimportantinformation.

4.Theimportanceoffeedback

Ittakesalotoftimeandefforttowrite,andsoitisonlyfairthatstudentwritingis

respondedtosuitably.Positivecommentscanhelpbuildstudentconfidenceandcreate

goodfeelingforthenextwritingclass.Italsohelpsifthereaderismorethanjustthe

teacher.Classmagazines,swappingletterswithotherclasses,etc.canprovideaneasy

solutiontoprovidingarealaudience.

5.Writingascommunication

Processwritingisamoveawayfromstudentswritingtotesttheirlanguagetowardsthe

communicationofideas,feelingsandexperiences.Itrequiresthatmoreclassroomtimeis

spentonwriting,butasthepreviouslyoutlinedactivitiesshow,thereismorethanjust

writinghappeningduringasessiondedicatedtoprocesswriting.

6.Potentialproblems

Writingisacomplexprocessandcanleadtolearnerfrustration.Aswithspeaking,itis

necessarytoprovideasupportiveenvironmentforthestudentsandbepatient.This

approachneedsthatmoretimebespentonwritinginclass,butasyouhaveseen,notall

classroomtimeisspentactuallywriting.Studentsmayalsoreactnegativelytoreworking

thesamematerial,butaslongastheactivitiesarevariedandtheobjectivesclear,then

theywillusuallyacceptdoingso.Inthelongterm,youandyourstudentswillstartto

recognisethevalueofaprocesswritingapproachastheirwrittenworkimproves.

Nextletswriteanessay"WhyaresomanyforeignerslearningChinese?"

BackgroundinformationonEnglishAroundtheWorld

I.BritishEnglish,AmericanEnglishandChinese

CarsandDriving

BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishChinese

carparkparking1ot停车场

driving1icensedriver*s1icense驾照

f1yoveroverpass天桥

fourwaycrossroads十字路口

hirecarrenta1car租用车

motorwayfreeway(WesternU.S.)高速公路

expressway(EasternU.S.)

petro1gaso1ine(gas)汽油

tyretire轮胎

windscreenwindshield挡风玻璃

Food

BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishChinese

biscuitcookie饼干

chipsFrenchfries炸土豆片

crispspotatochips油炸土豆片

jacketpotatobakedpotato带皮烤的马铃薯

jamjelly酱

mincehamburger碎牛肉；牛肉饼

porridgeoatmeal稀饭

puddingdessert布丁；甜点

sweetdessert餐后甜点

tincan罐头

Others

BritishEnglishAmericanEnglishChinese

autumnfall秋天

billcheck清单

binlinertrashbag垃圾袋

botanicgardenbotanicalgarden植物园

bracessuspenders吊裤带；吊杆

charitynon-profitorganization慈善机构

chemist'spharmacy/drugstore药店

cinemamovietheater,theater电影院

coachbus长途汽车

DIYdoityourself自己动手做

dustbintrashcan垃圾箱

engaged(asintelephone)busy（电话）占线

fee(forschooling)tuition学费

fit(verb)equip,fitout安装

flatapartment单元住宅

footballsoccer足球

freephonetoll-free免费电话

toll-freedress(noun)外衣；服装

gentsmen'sroom男厕

headmasterprincipal男厕

hire(hireacar)rent(rentacar)租借

holidayvacation假日

illsick有病的

infutureinthefuture未来，将来

inhospitalinthehospital住院

jointhetraingetonthetrain上火车

jumpersweater毛线衫

licence(noun)license执照

liftelevator电梯

lorrytruck卡车

mathsmath