初高中英语衔接语法句子成分和基本句型

句子成分与基本句型课堂引入Class-Leading句式成分01难度：★★★☆☆Iloveyou.主语谓语宾语举个例子知识讲解组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。主语：句子所陈述的对象。e.g.Shesmiles.主语为shee.g.Iamastudent.主语为Ie.g.Helikesplayingfootball.主语为He谓语：主语所发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词（即实义动词）。e.g.Hewenttoschool.谓语为went（原形为go）e.g.Iwantagift.谓语为wante.g.Shecried.谓语为cried（原形为cry）宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。e.g.ShelikesEnglish.宾语为Englishe.g.Iwantagift.宾语为agifte.g.Hewaswaitingforagirl.宾语为agirl知识讲解三大基本成分主语：句子所陈述的对象。e.g.Shesmiles.主语为shee.g.MyEnglishteachersteppedintotheclassroom.主语为MyEnglishteachere.g.Zeroisanumberwhichmeansnothing.主语为Zeroe.g.Playingtheviolinisnotashardasyouthink.主语为Playingthevioline.g.It'sverynicetomeetyou.主语为tomeete.g.（必修一Unit4Section1）Whatweseeonsocialmediaisofennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.主语为Whatweseeonsocialmedia知识讲解通常用名词、代词、数词、v-ing、动词不定式或从句等充当，多位于句首谓语：主语所发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词（即实义动词）。e.g.Hewenttoschool.谓语为went（原形为go）e.g.Iwantagift.谓语为wante.g.Shecried.谓语为cried（原形为cry）知识讲解通常用行为动词（短语）等充当，位于主语之后宾语：分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动作的承受者。e.g.ShelikesEnglish.宾语为Englishe.g.Iwantagift.宾语为agifte.g.Hewaswaitingforagirl.宾语为agirle.g.Idecidedtoseeamovietodo不定式作宾语e.g.Heenjoysreading.动词ing作宾语知识讲解通常用名词、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、v-ing（短语）、句子等充当，位于及物动词或介词之后例题1下列选项中可以作为主语的是（）A.ThegirlwhocalledLilyB.HeC.ThebusD.TomE.WhatIsaytoyou√ABCDE例题2分析下面句子成分1.Ireplied.主语是____________，谓语是_____________。2.Isawawhite-hairedman.主语是________，谓语是________，宾语是________________。3.Wehadallintroducedourselves.主语是_________，谓语是__________，宾语是____________IrepliedIsawwhite-hairedmanweintroducedourselves变式1对下面句子成分的分析，不正确的是（）Cookinguptogethergivesusachancetorelaxandcatchuponeachother'sdays.A.Cookinguptogether是本句的主语B.gives是本句的谓语C.us和achance是本句的宾语D.catchup是本句的谓语D变式2下面划线处为宾语的是（）A,Formom,apersonwhogivesuslife.IwanttosayThankyou!B.Thehousewherehelivesisneartheriver.C.Shesaysthatshewillhavetoclosetheshop.D.Youcanpayweeklyormonthly.(多选)AC谓语：主语所发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词（即实义动词）。e.g.Hewenttoschool.谓语为went（原形为go）e.g.Iwantagift.谓语为wante.g.Shecried.谓语为cried（原形为cry）知识讲解谓语、宾语的种类简单谓语He

writes

alettertoagirl.Idecided

toexploreabit.复合谓语Mymomislookingthroughthenewspaper.Youshouldkeepitnexttoyoursoul.知识讲解简单谓语He

writes

alettertoagirl.Idecided

toexploreabit.由行为动词或行为动词短语构成知识讲解复合谓语Mymomislookingthroughthenewspaper.Youshouldkeepitnexttoyoursoul.（歌曲MountainTop)由“情态动词或助动词+行为动词”构成除了基本式do外，bedoing,havedone,havebeendoing,bedone,willdo,情态动词+do整体都是谓语知识讲解复合谓语Thefilmisinteresting.Sheisaseniorhighschoolstudent.由“（连）系动词+表语”构成补充找出下面是系动词+表语的复合谓语形式1.Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.2.Fifteenyearsago,Itookasummervacation.3.Hewasaquietmanwhorarelyshowedaffection.4.Iseeyourmonsters,Iseeyourpain.5.Applepiesoundsnice.没错，你懵了知识讲解表语：紧跟系动词后面的成分。e.g.Ithasbecomeacommonpracticetopaytips.e.g.Thebiggestobstacleisnervous.e.g.ThetroubleisthatIarguedwithher.四种补充成分由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、v-ing（短语）、分词或从句等充当，位于系动词后。没错，你又懵了知识讲解五种基本句式（连）系动词：说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态，起连接作用。我好像悟了知识讲解五种基本句式常见的系动词1.Be动词Youareagreatswimmer.2.感官动词Whatbeautifulflowers!Andtheysmellnicetoo.如be/am/is/are/was/were如look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、feel（摸起来、感觉）3.变化类动词Itgetswarmerandwarmer,andthedaysgetlongerandlonger.如become,come,fall,get,go,grow,turn知识讲解五种基本句式4.保持类动词Theclassroomkeepsquietforafewminutes.如keep,remain,stay知识讲解五种基本句式5.好像类动词(电影HarryPotterandtheDeathlyHallowsPart2)Itseems,despiteyourexhaustivedefensivestrategies,youstillhaveabitofasecurityproblem,headmaster.如seem,appear(歌曲Sparkle)(It)Seemsliketheworld'sstilltryingtotameme.6.证明类动词Thisprovesnothing.如prove，turnout我悟了知识讲解四种补充成分定语：修饰限制名词或代词。Heisahandsomeman.定语为handsomeHelloWorldisaloveanimation.定语为loveIwanttoknowthedifferencebetweenspokenEnglishandwrittenEnglish定语为spoken和writtenThebestmoviewhichisdirectedbyJiaLingisHi,Mom.定语是________________________想不到吧...给你留一手...一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、名词所有格、介词短语、动词不定式短语、分词短语或从句充当位于名词前或名词后Best和whichisdirectedbyJiaLing知识讲解四种补充成分状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、让步，程度、频率等似曾相识的状语从句Ioftengetupat6:30sothatIcangettoschoolearlier,becauseIhavethedutytomakesureourclassroomiscleanandtidy.Althoughitistiring,Ifeelhappyifmyclassroomisjustlikemyhome,whentheheadmasterpraisedourclassatschool.Howexcitedweare!通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等充当，可能出现在句首，句中，句末。解锁你的专属名称主语S，谓语V，宾语O，定语A，表语P，状语A知识讲解四种补充成分例题3确定下面句子划线成分1.ThecampuswasstillquietwhenIarrived.（）2.I,whoamyourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.（）3.Iseeagirlplayingtheviolin（）4.Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.（）P定C状例题4下面成分不是状语的是A.Shelookedafterhersisterpatiently.B.Hetalkedloudly.C.Hewrotealongletter.D.Shesmiledlikeanangel.例题4下面句子划线部分做什么成分I had always been delighted at how much my daughter noticed in herworld.A.表语B.定语C.宾语D.同位语五种基本句型02难度：★★★☆☆知识讲解五种基本句型1.主语+谓语（S+V）E.g.I'mcoming.E.g.

Ireplied.E.g.Shecried.动词只要表意足够完整，无需补充通常会使用不及物动词在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可以把动词分成两种：及物动词（vt.）与不及物动词（vi.）。及物动词后面可直接加宾语，而不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语，一般要先加介词后再接宾语。不及物动词没有被动形式很多动词既是及物动词也是不及物动词举例：begin,start,answer,sing,close等知识讲解五种基本句型2.主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）知识讲解五种基本句型E.g.Iwaslookingatthephotos.E.g.Lawyershelppeople.E.g.Whoknowstheanswer?谓语动词有实际的意思，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，后面必须有一个宾语，才能使意思完整。你也可以用最简单的Iloveyou举例子知识讲解五种基本句型回顾一个搭配：系动词+表语3.主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）E.g.ItwasmysonMatthew'slastnightathomebeforegoingtocollege.E.g.I'mgladtobeback.E.g.Theyearmydadturned80.该句式侧重说明主语的特征、身份等。知识讲解五种基本句型补语：用于补全句意。多位于宾语之后。E.g.Youmakemehappy.E.g.Hiswordmademealotmorerelaxed.E.g.WecalltheYangziRiverourcountry'ssymbol.可由名词（短语）、形容词、副词、不定式短语、分词（短语）或介词短语等充当。主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须要加上一个补充成分说明宾语，才能使其意思完整。主语S，谓语V，宾语O，定语A，表语P，状语A补语C知识讲解五种基本句型知识讲解五种基本句型间接宾语(IO)和直接宾语(DO)表示人的宾语是间接宾语，表物的宾语是直接宾语，即“人间物直”E.g.Heboughtmeacar.E.g.Shetoldmehowtosolvetheproblem.E.g.Hegavemeasmile.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾（S+V+IO+DO）有些谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。知识讲解五种基本句型区分主谓双宾和主谓宾宾补方法：宾语和后面的那个成分相连，看是否构成句子E.g.Youmakemehappy.me与happy间加系动词可构成句子E.g.Hegavemeasmile.me与asmile间加系动词也无法构成句子知识讲解五种基本句型主谓双宾常见的谓语动词有tell，send，buy，give，lend.主谓宾宾补常见的谓语动词有make，find，call，name，elect.例题5下面句子分析不正确的是A.Theforeignershere是主语，areimpressed是谓语B.thefact是宾语C.fromallwalksoflife是修饰