湖南省衡阳市八中高三冲刺模拟新高考英语试卷及答案解析

湖南省衡阳市八中高三冲刺模拟新高考英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Criticizedasonlinegamesare,theyneverfailto______alargenumberofteenagers．A．appealto B．objectto C．referto D．turnto2．Breakingupisthebusinessofthetwolovers,________nootherpersonshouldbeinvolved.A．which B．inthatC．that D．inwhich3．High­speedtrainswhichtravelthroughmyhometown________upto250kmperhourmakeitasmallworld.A．with B．againstC．at D．over4．---I’veheardalotaboutyou.Yougotpromoted,right?______---Manythanks.A．GoodforyouB．YouaskedforitC．ThereyouareD．You’vegonetoofar5．Playingwiththeirpeers,childrenlearntoandnotdoexactlywhattheywanttodo.A．compromiseB．competeC．contributeD．construct6．RegardingChina-USdifferencesonhumanrightsissues,Hongsaidthetwosidescanenhancemutualunderstandingthroughdialogue______onequalityandmutualrespect.A．based B．tobase C．basing D．base7．TheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeensimplifiedtomakeiteasier_______.A．tobeunderstood B．understood C．understanding D．tounderstand8．BathingcrabsareraisedintheYangchengLakeforatleastsixmonths，whichiswhatmakesthemauthenticand_____ahighprice．A．estimate B．fetchC．occupy D．predict9．Theycamebackfromtheirlongwalkandwentintobed,.A．tiredlybutrelaxing B．tiredbutrelaxingC．tiredlybutrelaxed D．tiredbutrelaxed10．It’salwaysdifficult______inaforeigncountry,especiallywhenyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A．beingB．tobeC．havingbeenD．tohavebeen11．—Peter,youseeminhighspirits.—________Ihavebeenofferedapart-timejobintheKFC.A．Sowhat? B．Nowonder.C．Nodoubt. D．Guesswhat.12．Astothelong-termeffectsofglobalwarmingsomebelievethatthedamagehasbeendone,______________________.A．otherwisewetakestepstomakeupnowB．nowthatwetakestepstomakeupC．whetherwetakestepstomakeupnowornotD．unlesswetakestepstomakeupnow13．Bydoingso,youcan________moreinformationanddetailsaboutthetopic,andbetterunderstandit.A．keepupwith B．doawaywithC．haveaccessto D．getdownto14．－Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?－“Noperson________smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”A．will B．shallC．may D．must15．Ateacher’sjobisnottotellthestudentswhattobelieveorvalue,butto________themtodevelopaworldviewforthemselves.A．urge B．equipC．persuade D．rank16．Thereis________asafreedinnerinthisworld.Asthesayinggoes,“Nopains,nogains.”A．nosuchagoodthing B．suchnogoodthingC．nosuchgoodthing D．notsoagoodthing17．Threedaysaftertheaircraftwentmissing,aninternationaleffort________shipsandplaneshasn'tfoundanywreckage,________growingfrustrationforthefamiliesofthe239peopleonboard.A．involved;causing B．toinvolve;causedC．involving;causing D．involving;havingcaused18．Wemostprefertosayyestothe______ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A．attempts B．requestsC．doubts D．promises19．Youcangetoffthebusoneortwostops________andwalktherestofthewaytoworkeverydaysoastotakesomeexercise.A．moreearly B．earliest C．early D．earlier20．AfterIleft_______LinchuanNo.2MiddleSchool,Ibegancollegeclassesin_______September2010.A．a;the B．不填;the C．the;the D．不填；不填第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Batsaretheonlymammals(哺乳动物)thatcanflyagreatdistance,buttheyhaveanotherability.Manybatsliveaverylongtimeforananimaloftheirsize.Europeanresearchersarestudyingbatstounderstandwhytheylives0long.Theyhopetomakediscoveriesaimedatfightingtheagingprocessinhumanbeings.Lastweek,thegroupofscientistssaidtheyhadidentifiedimportantbiologicalqualitiesinsomebatspecies.Thegroupstudiedbatchromosomes(染色体),alineofgenesfoundinthenucleus(细胞核)ofcells.Thescientistsweremostinterestedinstructuresconnectedtotheendsofthechromosomes.Theyarecalledtelomeres(端粒),whichprotecttheendsofchromosomesandshorteneachtimeacelldivides.Scientistsbelievethisshorteningprocesscausescellstobreakdown.Theysaythisiswhatcausesaging.TheEuropeanresearchersstudied493batsfromfourbatspecies.Thegroupusedinformationthathadbeengatheredovermorethan60years.Oftheseanimals，thegreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylivedthelongest,anaverageof37years.Thescientistssaidthisandarelatedspecies,whicharegroupedtogetherunderthenameMyotis,hadtelomeresthatdidnotshortenwithage.AnotherMyotisbatholdstherecordforoldestage,reaching41years.Thescientists’findingssuggestthatthesebatscellshavetheabilitytomaintainandrepairtheirtelomeres.This,theysaid,helpsguardagainsttheagingprocess.Basedonitsbodysize,abatlikethegreatermouse-earedbatwouldbeexpectedtolivefouryears.But,thesemammalshavebeenfoundtolivenearly10timeslongerthanthat.Thescientistsfoundthatonly19speciesofmammalslivelongerthanhumanswhentheirbodysizeisconsidered.Eighteenofthesearebats.1、Europeanresearchersarestudyingbatsmainlyhopingto.A．learnthelivinghabitofbats.B．findoutwhybatsenjoyalonglife.C．trytounderstandwhybatscanflyasamammalD．discoveragoodwaytopreventhumanbeingsfromaging.2、Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlyexplaintous?A．Thestructuresofbats’chromosomes.B．Whatcauseagingbiologically.C．Thefunctionsoftelomeres.D．Whatcausescellstobreakdown.3、Thegreatermouse-earedbatandMyotisbatlivesolongbecause.A．theyaregroupedtogetherunderthenameMyoisB．theirtelomeresaredecreasingwithageC．theirellsareabletokeepupandfixtheirtelomeresD．theirbodiesproducemoretelomeresthanhumanbeings4、Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat..A．batslive10timeslongerthathumanbeingsB．batsenjoythelongestlifeamongmammalsC．batslikethegreatermouse-earedbatshouldhavelivedlongerD．Mostbatslivelongerthanhumanbeingsconsideringtheirbodysize22．（8分）InsideWeWork’sNewYorkCityheadquartersonaThursdaymorning,ahandfulofkidsaresellingcarrotsandpeppers.ThechildrenaremembersofWeWork’sfirstschool,WeGrow,wherefarmingispartofthecurriculum.TheyareinteractingwithWeGrowemployeesbrowsingthegoods.“Howmanycarrotswouldyoulike?”onegirlasks.“WetakeApplePay,”anothershouts.Foundedin2010,WeWorkhasmadeanameforitselfasaglobalnetworkofcoworkingspaces.WeGrowisWeWork’snewestenterprise(事业)anditsfirstattemptintheeducationindustry.WeGrow,aschoolwhichclaimstogrow“consciousleaders”，isinspiredbytheMontessoriapproachtolearningthatgiveschildrenthefreedomtoexploreandchoosetheiractivities,sotheirnatureofcreativityandcuriosityispreserved.Butthegoalisnottocreatenext-generationCEOs.“Leadershipisabitofanexcitingwordforpeople,”saidRebekah,WeGrow’sfounderandCEO,“We’veseenchildrendosuchathingforever——runningalemonadestandeverytime,that’swhatthatis.”WeGrowopenedinthefalllastyear.Currently,46kidsareenrolledinclassesfrompre-kindergartentofourthgrade.Thekidsstarteverymorningwithlivemusic,followedbyyoga.TheyspendtimeinnatureandchoosetotakeeitherHebreworMandarincourses.WeGrowstudentslearnscience,math,socialstudiesandlanguagearts.ItalsohasaprogramforkidstoconnectwithWeWorkcommunitymemberswithcareersinareaskidsmightbeinterestedin.Butthemainconcernisthatstandardizedtestsarenotavailabletomeasurethestudents’overallprogress.Theywanttocreateanenvironmentwherepeoplecanworktomakealifeandnotjustaliving,butthat’spartofalargermissiontoraisetheworld’sawarenesstowardscreatingaworldwherepeoplearehappyandfulfilledandlivinginasharingstate.1、WhatdoweknowaboutWeGrowfromthetext?A．Itwasfoundedin2010.B．Itisintendedforkidsofgifts.C．Itaimstopreservekids’nature.D．Itgotalotofsatisfactionfromparents.2、WhichofthefollowingreflectstheMontessoriapproach?A．Allkidslearntorunthelemonadestand.B．Studentsareallowedtoestablishmarketsintheyard.C．Theschoolcommitteearrangesstudents，activities.D．StudentsworkhardacademicallytobecomeCEOs.3、Whyisithardtomeasurestudents’progress?A．Becausetherearesomanycourses.B．Becausethestudentsareofawideagerange.C．Becausestandardizedtestshavelimitations.D．Becausetheschoollacksprofessionaltesters.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AFarming-featuredschoolB．AnEducation-basedBusinessC．GrowtobeaFutureLeaderD．LearntoMakeaLife,notJustLiving23．（8分）Creativitydoesnotdependon“Eureka!!（我发现了）moments---itisaprocess，designedtoconsistentlybringabstractideasintothepracticalworld.Forcreators，thisemphasizestheimportanceofroutines.Randombitsofgreatinspirationarefewandlastonlyashorttime；yourworksrequireasustainable（可待续的）waytodevelopgoodideasintogreatones.RecallthewisewordsfromChuckClose："Amateurssitandwaitforinspiration;therestofusjustshowupandgotowork."Perhapsoneofthebestwaystoimproveyourownprocessesistostudythemasters.ThankstobookslikeDailyRituals,ourdesiretoseewhat"gotowork"means---bygettingalookatthemasters'regularroutines-hasbeenthoroughlysatisfied.Thoughtheoutputofthesecreativegeniusesissometimesamazing,howtheyconducttheirworkisofteneasytorelateto.OnesuchpersonItookinspirationfromwasLudwigvanBeethoven.Beethovenkepthiscreativepromisesbystrategicallyusinghistimetoproduceideas.HisfavoritemethodofthinkingaboutthingsislongwalksthroughtheforestedvalleysofViennawithoutthecompanyofotherpeople.Heplacedgreatimportanceonthisplannedtimeforreflectionandideaevaluation.Itappearshewasn'talone;notablecraftsmenallovertheworldsharesimilarexperienceinbreakinguptheirdaywithwalks.Beethovenwentforanactivewalkafterlunch,andhealwayscarriedapencilandacoupleofsheetsofpaperinhispocket,torecordchancemusicalthoughts.GustavMahlerfollowedmuchthesameroutine-hewouldtakeathree(orfour)-hourwalkafterlunch,stoppingtoquicklywritedownideasonhisnotebook.BenjaminBrittensaidthathisafternoonwalkswere"whereIplanoutwhatI'mgoingtowriteinthenextperiodatmydesk."Recently,psychologiststookaninterestingstep(ortwo)forwardinunderstandingthecreativebenefitsofwalking-aStanfordstudywasabletoshowthatwalkinghelpedpeopleproducemorenovelideasandenhancedcreativethinkingduringthewalkandimmediatelyafter,comparedtositting.Asthetitleofthestudypointsout,walkingmaybethemissingingredienttoconsistentlygiveyournewideassomelegs.1、TheauthormentionsChuckClose'swordsto_________A．emphasizethefunctionofsittingandwaitingB．emphasizethevalueofeurekamomentsC．emphasizethemeaningofinspirationD．emphasizetheimportanceofconsistentwork2、What'sthebookDailyRitualsabout?A．Commonpeople'sregularroutines.B．Masters'regularroutinesC．RitualsofbecomingmastersD．Ritualsofgettinginspiration3、Accordingtothepassage,Beethovenliked_________A．walkingingroupsthroughforestB．beinganotablecraftsmanC．breakinghiscreativeroutinesD．walkingaloneintheforest4、WhatconclusioncanyoudrawfromParagraph4?A．MastersthinkwhilewalkingB．MasterssleepafterlunchC．MasterswalkafterworkD．Mastershavelunchbeforeawalk.5、What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．WalkingHabitforLivingLongerB．DifferencesbetweenWalkingandSittingC．WalkingHabitforCreativeBreakthroughsD．CreativityRestsonEurekaMoments24．（8分）Microsofthasdevelopedanewsmartphoneappthatinterpretseyesignalsandtranslatesthemintoletters,allowingpeoplewithmotorneuronediseasetocommunicatewithothersfromaphone.TheGazeSpeakappcombinesasmartphone’scamerawithartificialintelligencetorecognizeeyemovementsinrealtimeandconvert(改变)themintoletters,wordsandsentences.ForpeoplesufferingfromALS（渐冻症）,alsoknownasmotorneuronedisease,eyemovementcanbetheonlywaytheyareabletocommunicate.“Currenteye-trackinginputsystemsforpeoplewithALSorothermotorimpairmentsareexpensive,notrobustundersunlight,andrequirefrequentre-calibrationandsubstantial,relativelyimmobilesetups,”

saidXiaoyiZhang,aresearcheratMicrosoftwhodevelopedthetechnology.“To

mitigate

thedrawbacks…wecreatedGazeSpeak,aneye-gesturecommunicationsystemthatrunsonasmartphone,andisdesignedtobelow-cost,robust,portableandeasytolearn.”Theappisusedbythelistenerbypointingtheirsmartphoneatthespeaker.Achartthatcanbestucktothebackofthesmartphoneisthenusedbythespeakertodeterminewhicheyemovementstomakeinordertocommunicate.Thestickershowsfourgrids(方格)ofletters,whicheachcorrespondtoadifferenteyemovement.Bylookingup,down,leftorright,thespeakerselectswhichgridstheletterstheywantbelongto.Theartificialintelligencealgorithm（程序）

isthenabletopredictthewordorsentencetheyaretryingtosay.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword

“mitigate”

inparagraph5probablymean?A．ignoreB．destroyC．increaseD．reduce2、Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．TheadvantagesofGazeSpeakovertheCurrenteye-trackinginputsystems.B．SmartphoneApphelpsALSsuffersspeakwiththeireyesmovement.C．ThestickerplaysanimportantroleinGazeSpeak.D．ThewriterismakinganadvertisementforGazeSpeaker.3、What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardstheinventionofGazeSpeaker?A．doubtfulB．negativeC．favorableD．unclear25．（10分）ThestudyledbyMyrskyla,directoroftheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermanywasthefirsttoanalyzetheaccumulativeeffectofseveralkeyhealthbehaviorsondisability-freeandtotallifeexpectancy.Previousstudieshavelookedatsinglehealthbehaviors.Myrskylaandcolleaguesinsteadexaminedseveralbehaviorssimultaneously（同时）,whichallowedthemtodeterminehowlongandhealthythelivesofpeoplewhohadavoidedmostofthewell-knownindividualbehavioralriskfactorswere.Theresearchersnotedthateachofthethreeunhealthybehaviors—obesity,smoking,andunhealthyconsumptionofalcohol—waslinkedtoareductioninlifeexpectancyandtoanearlieroccurrenceofdisabilities.However,smokingwasfoundtobeassociatedwithanearlydeathbutnotwithanincreaseinthenumberofyearswithdisability,whileobesityledtoalongperiodoftimewithdisability.Excessivealcoholconsumptionwasfoundtocausebothdecreasedlifespan（寿命）andareducednumberofhealthyyears.However,theabsenceofalloftheseriskyhealthybehaviorswasfoundtobeassociatedwiththegreatestnumberofhealthyyears.Themoststrikingfindingwasthediscoveryofalargedifferenceinaveragelifespanbetweenthegroupswhowerethemostandtheleastatrisk.Menwhowerenotoverweight,hadneversmoked,anddrankproperlywerefoundtoliveanaverageof11yearslongerthanmenwhowereoverweight,hadsmoked,anddrankexcessively.Forwomen,thegapbetweenthesetwogroupswasfoundtobeevengreater,at12years.“Ourresultsshowhowimportantitistofocusonprevention.Thosewhoavoidriskyhealthbehaviorsareachievingverylongandhealthylives,”saidMyrskyla.It'snotwithoutreasonthatwearetoldrepeatedlytoswitchtoahealthylifestyle,whichcanpreventyoufromvariousillnessesaswellaskeepyouyoungandactive."Improvementsinmedicaltechnologyareoftenthoughttobethegatekeepertohealthier,longerlife.Butweshowedthatahealthylifestyle,isenoughtoenableindividualstoenjoyaverylongandhealthylife,"saidMyrskyla."Ahealthylifestyleisenoughtogetthebenefits.Avoidingthosebehaviorsisnotanunrealisticgoal."1、Myrskyla'sstudyisdifferentfrompreviousonesinthat.A．itconcentratesonhowindividualbehaviorsaffectourhealthB．itisconductedbyateamofprofessionalresearchersC．itanalyzesthecombinedeffectsofsomeunhealthybehaviorsD．itassessestheriskofunhealthybehaviorsondecreasedlifespan2、Itcanbelearnedfromparagraphs2-3that.A．obesityiscloselyconnectedwithanearlydeathB．smokingleadstoalongperiodoftimewithdisabilityC．overdrinkingcontributestothereductioninlifespanD．nostrikingdifferencesexistbetweenthetwogroupsofwomen3、Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．HealthImprovement:AdoptionofaBalancedDietB．HealthCare:NotaPrivilegebutaRightC．AbsenceofSmoking:SimplestWaytoKeepHealthyD．LifestyleChanges:ExtraYearsinGoodHealth第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）TenyearsagoIwasvisitingCostaRicawhenIfoundIwasinabadsituation.IonlyknewbasicSpanish，andtheonly1IhadwassomecoinsandareturntickettoGuatemalaintwoweeks.Withthecoins，ImanagedtoarriveatSantaRosabybus.Itwas2inthemiddleofthenight，butIcouldseesome3inthedistance，soI4towardthem.Iwent5doortodoor，explainingmysituation.“Ican6andcleanandlookafteryourkids，Icandoanything，canyougivemea7?”Everybodyrepliedsaying“Ohmygosh，butweareso8.Wehavenoextrafood.Maybeyoucantrythenext9.”Finally，IarrivedataChineserestaurant，theownerofwhichwasincredibly10.Shetoldmethathersonhada(n)11experience.Atthattime，someotherpeoplewereverykindtohim，andsherememberedhow12thatmadeherfeel.ShecalledtheRedCrossto13me.Withtheirhelp,Ispentmy14daysinCostaRica.I've15allovertheworld.Butthiswasoneofthebesttrips，thebesttwo16Ieverhadinmytravelinglife.Atfirst，Ifelt17andstupidfornottravelingwithaclearplan.ButthenIrealizedthatwhenyou’reinapositiontobeableto18，itactuallymakespeoplefeelhappier.Beingabletoreceivekindnessisa19forotherpeopleaswell.Andkindness20morekindnessinsmallripples(涟漪).1、A．possession B．file C．choice D．fortune2、A．busy B．dark C．hot D．cold3、A．stores B．bus-stops C．bookshops D．houses4、A．wandered B．fled C．walked D．jumped5、A．knocking B．hitting C．answering D．kicking6、A．cook B．fish C．swim D．fight7、A．coffee B．bed C．tip D．job8、A．unlucky B．poor C．mean D．hard9、A．company B．factory C．restaurant D．family10、A．honest B．polite C．kind D．easygoing11、A．similar B．different C．relaxing D．pleasant12、A．tough B．grateful C．awkward D．warm13、A．seize B．check C．find D．rescue14、A．passing B．remaining C．rewarding D．exciting15、A．surveyed B．driven C．studied D．traveled16、A．days B．weeks C．months D．years17、A．fortunate B．optimistic C．guilty D．curious18、A．offer B．help C．receive D．repay19、A．gift B．talent C．chance D．character20、A．proves B．reflects C．forces D．inspires第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Forty-sevenyearsago,18countriessigned(签署)theConventiononWetlandsinRamsar,IranonFebruary2,which1．(set)asWorldWetlandsDayin1997.Wetlandsrefertothelandscoveredbyshallowwater,2．wetlandanimalsandplantslive.Combiningboththedryandwetenvironments,wetlandsplay3．vitalroleintheworldecology.Theycanmaintainwaterbalanceby4．(absorb)waterduringtherainyseasonandreleasingwaterduringthedryseason.Theycanalsohelpreduceglobalwarmingandcleanwater.ScientistsofWorldWildlifeFund(WWF)haveestimated(估计)thatatleast64percentofallwetlandsintheworld5．(disappear)since1900,duetoindustrialexpansionandhumanexploitation.However,themajorityofthepeoplefail6．(realize)theimportanceofurbanwetlands.Insomefastdevelopingcities,wetlandshavebecomedumpinggrounds,ortheyarebeingexploitedforcommercial7．(purpose).Chinahastakensomemeasurestoprotectthewetlands.Forexample,theWetlandsProtectionRegulationissuedbyJiangsuProvince,whichstrengthensprotection,came8．effectonJanuary1.Itallowsgeneralwetlandstobepromotedtonationalwetlandsparkand9．(strict)forbidstheactivitiesdamagingwetlands.Hopethesemeasureswillprotectourwetlands,andthedaywillcomebackwhen10．hearaquaticbirdssingingnearourcities.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Lastweek,ourschoolorganizedanactivityaimingathelpingthechildreninpoorareasrealizetheirdreamforreading、Allofustakeanactivepart、Ourdonationscoveredthebooks,pens,schoolbagsandmanyotherschoolsupplies、Someofusevencontributedourpocketchangesforthechildrentobuywhatevertheyneed、Inadditiontothese,manyofusadvocatedthatwedidnothesitatetocontactthechildreninruralareasdirecttofindouttheirneeds、Theythoughtthatbythismeanscouldwequicklyhelpthemoutbutmakeourdreamscometrue、Ithinktheactivityisverymeaningful,whichwillhelpimproveourlearningconditions、Inturn,theywillbringhopeforabett