山西省长治市第九中学高三下学期一模考试新高考英语试题及答案解析

山西省长治市第九中学高三下学期一模考试新高考英语试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Despitetheknowledgehehasaccumulated,HeJiangcontinuestobetroubledbythequestionoftheunequal_______ofscientificknowledgethroughouttheworld.A．advocateB．distributionC．allocationD．division2．一"Peter,haveyougotyournewflatfurnished?—Yes.I______someusedfurnitureanditwasarealbargain.A．willbuyB．haveboughtC．boughtD．hadbought3．Andycangotothecinematogetherwithushehasfinishedthetask．A．unless B．assoonas C．until D．aslongas4．Toworkfromhome,whichonecouldhardlyimagine,hasbeenmadewiththedevelopmentofcomputertechnology.A．possible B．itpossible C．possibly D．tobepossible5．Whyaresomebrandsmorepopularthanothers______theproductsareofsimilarquality?A．asthough B．evenif C．sothat D．incase6．ltwasinDecember,2018________ChairmanXiandPresidentTrumpmetinArgentina.A．when B．thatC．before D．since7．WhatIlovemostaboutreadingnovelsis______theauthorsvividlydescribethecharacters.A．what B．whyC．how D．whom8．—HowcanIwakeupsoearly?—Setthealarmat5:00am.,youwillmakeit.A．and B．butC．or D．so9．—Whydidn’tyoutrytofinishthecomposition?—Itriedto,but________Icould,thebellranannouncingtheendoftheexamination.A．until B．whenC．after D．before10．After________________asandstormwarningonSundayevening,meteorologistsforecastthatdustyweatherwillcontinueinpartsofthecountryonMonday.A．breakingoff B．callingoff C．leavingoff D．puttingoff11．Someonewholacksstayingpowerandperseveranceisunlikelyto______agoodresearcher.A．makeB．turnC．getD．grow12．Weclimbeduptothetopofahill,___________wegotagoodviewofthewholeforestpark.A．which B．whereC．when D．that13．Manyofusseereadingasaninvestmentinourselves，soit’sonlynaturalthatwewanttolearnsomethinguseful________ourefforts.A．inviewofB．inresponsetoC．inparallelwithD．inreturnfor14．Thoughsmall,thecountryhas_____plantsfromdesertgrassestotropicaljungle.A．extremeB．abundantC．artificialD．poisonous15．—Youshouldhavehelpedyourmomwashthedishes．—Imeant．Butsheisalwaystellingmetostudy．A．todo B．to C．doingso D．doing16．Youdon’tneedaninvitationtohelpothers.Givehelp_____youareasked.A．ifB．asC．thoughD．before17．---Hewassatisfiedwiththeresult,wasn'the?---No.Itwassodifficultthathe__________havepassedit.A．shouldn't B．mustn'tC．couldn't D．wouldn't18．Someofthem,______inruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.A．tobebornandbroughtup B．bornandbroughtupC．havingbornandbroughtup D．havingbeenbornandbroughtup19．Itisonethingtoenjoylisteningtogoodmusic,butitisquite______toperformskillfullyyourself.A．another B．other C．theother D．others20．Theyovercamesomedifficultiesandcompletedtheworkaheadoftime,________wassomethingwehadnotexpected.A．that B．whichC．it D．what第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Overahundredyearsagoin1911,somethingstrangewasfoundintheglaciersofAntarctica.GrilffithTaylor—anAustraliangeologist,haddiscoveredabloodredsteampouringoutoftheicecascades（瀑布）ofTalorGlacier!PopularlyknownastheBloodFalls,scientistshadnotbeenabletofindthereasonbehindthebloodredliquidflowingthroughtheice---untilrecently.ThemysteryoftheBloodFallshadfinallybeensolved.Whenthesefallswerefirstdiscovered,scientistshadbelievedthattheredcolourcamefromalargeamountofredalgae（海藻）concentratedinthewater.Redalgaecontainapigment（色素）whichreflectsredlight,makingthealgaeappearred.Thistheorymadesense,untilitwaslaterfoundthatalgaedonotplayapartintheredcoloroftheflowingliquidatall.WhatreallycausesTalorGlacier’swatersappearbloodred,isthepresenceofironoxideintheliquid.Thewatersofthebloodfallsarerichinsaltandironcontent,andwhenthiswatercomesincontactwiththeair,itturnsred—justlikerust!Thewaterinthesefallsisoftenreferredtoas“brine”byscientistsbecauseofthehighsaltcontentinthewater.Thisreasoningbehindtheredcolorsofthefallswasfoundbackin2003.However,theentiremysteryhadnotyetbeensolved.Howisitthen,thattheBloodFallsarenotfrozen?ResearchersattheUniversityofColoradoandUniversityofAlaskafoundthatinsidetheglacier,therewasanetworkofchannelsandreservoirsthatmovethewateraround.Saltwaterhasalowerfreezingtemperature.Inaddition,whenanysubstanceundergoesachangeinstate,itgivesoffheat.Therefore,thebrineactuallywarmitselfupwhileit’sfreezing!Howthisworks,isthatwhenthebrineisflowingthroughtheTalorGlacier,someofitdoesfreeze.Asaresultofchangingstatefromliquidtoice,thebrinegivesoffheat.Thisheatisenoughtokeeptherestoftherestofthebrineinliquidform,whichiswhyitflowsoutoftheglacier.Incrediblenewchemistryfactsfound,anymysterysolved!1、Accordingtothetext,theredalgaetheorywasonceconsidered________.A．ridiculousB．reasonableC．impracticalD．complex2、WhydoestheBloodFallslookredincolour?A．Becausethereistoomuchsaltandironinitswater.B．Becauseitsliquidisrichinredalgae.C．BecausethefollowingliquidreflectsandsunlightD．BecausetheairisthinandrareinAntarctica.3、WhatisthemainreasonfortheBloodFall’snotfreezing?A．Thewatercontinuedflowingconstantly.B．Thereistoomuchsaltinthewater.C．ThebrinegivesoffheatwhilefreezingD．Temperaturesaren’thighenoughforflowingwater.4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thediscoveryofthebloodglacier.B．ThebirthoftheTalorGlacier.C．TheflowingredwaterinAntarctica.D．ThemysteryoftheBloodFalls.22．（8分）IleftEnglandforSydneyinSeptember.Itwasacareermoveformyhusband,andour20-year-olddaughterwasfeelingadventurousanddecidedtocome,too.However,justbeforeleavingEngland,my79-year-oldmothersufferedastroke(中风).Beingstrongandindependent,shecontinuedtoliveathomewiththehelpofsocialservices.Butshecouldn’tlookafterthegarden.Ithoughthowwonderfulitwouldbeiftherewasanorganizationofferingvolunteerhelp.FriendsaskedmewhatIplannedtodoinAustralia,andItoldthemIwouldbelookingforavolunteerpositionwithagardeningcharitableorganization.ImaginemysurprisewhenIfoundjusttheorganizationIhadbeenlookingfor—EasyCareGardening(ECG)!ThereareseveralreasonswhyIvolunteerforECG.Firstly,asanewcomertoAustraliaImeetmanypeoplewho,likeme,volunteersomeoftheirtime.Wecoveralargeagerange,butalllovegardensandhelpingothers.Secondly,throughworkingwithECGIhavebeenluckyenoughtoexploreSydney’sNorthShorethatImightnothavehadtheopportunitytovisitotherwise.Finally,thereareallthosewonderfulpeoplewecall“clients(客户)”,buttheyaremorelikefriendswhenwevisitthemoftenandtendtheirgardens.WhatgreatpeopleIhavemet,andthestoriestheyhavetotell—thefamilyhistories,wheretheycomefromandthereasonsforimmigratingtoAustralia.Ifinditaprivilegetohaveaccesstoprivategardenswhich,inmanycases,havebeenthejoyoftheirownersformanyyears.Eachoneisindividualandreflectsthecharacter,needsandthehistoryofeachfamily.Indeed,thegardensreflectthemulticulturalandhistoricalbackgroundofSydney.1、WhydidtheauthormovetoSydney?A．Sheplannedtovolunteerthere. B．Herhusbandwouldworkthere.C．Shewasverykeenonadventures. D．Shehadtolookafterhersickmother.2、Whatmadetheauthorchoosetobeagardeningvolunteer?A．Herownexperience. B．Thetipsfromherfriends.C．ThepopularityofECG. D．Hergardeningskills.3、WhatdothevolunteersatECGhaveincommon?A．Theymakefriendswiththeirclients.B．TheyliketoexploreSydney’sNorthShore.C．Theyareofsimilaragesandbackgrounds.D．Theyarekind-heartedwiththesameinterest.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph4referto?A．Client. B．Reason.C．Garden. D．Volunteer.23．（8分）Abitefromatsetseflyisanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Tomakemattersworse,severalspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseases.Oneofthemostdangerousisaparasite(寄生虫)thatcauses"sleepingsickness".Aftertheinitialbite,sleepingsicknesssymptomsoftenstartwithafever,headachesandachingmuscles.Astheillnessgoeson,thoseinfectedbecomeincreasinglytired,whichiswhereitgetsitsname.Itisworthnotingthatsleepingsicknessisnolongerasdeadlyasitoncewas.Intheearly20thCenturyseveralhundredthousandpeoplewereinfectedeachyear.Bythe1960sthediseasewasconsidered"undercontrol"andhadreachedverylownumbers,makingitsspreadmoredifficult.Butinthe1970stherewasanothermajorinfection,whichtook20yearstocontrol.Sincethen,betterscreeningprogramsandearliertreatmentshavereducedthenumberofcasesdramatically.In2000thisfiguredroppedtofewerthan3,000.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hopesthediseasewillbecompletelyremovedby2020.Moreproblematically,aseriesofnewstudieshaveshownthattheparasiteismorecomplicatedthanpreviouslybelieved.Sleepingsicknesshasalwaysbeenconsidered—andanalyzed—asablooddisease,becausetheparasitescanreadilybediscoveredinthebloodofitsvictims.However,inarecentstudyfoundthattheparasitecanstayintheskinandfat,aswellasintheblood.Theremayevenbeahigherdensity（密度）oftheparasiteintheskinthanintheblood.Thatmeansapersoncanhavenosymptomsbutstillbothharborthediseaseandspreadit.Thefindingcouldexplainthemysterious1970sinfection,andwhythediseasecanspringupinareasthathadpreviouslybeencleared.1、What'sthedangerofatsetseflybite?A．Itmakespeoplesleepy.B．Itcausesskindisease.C．Itbringsaboutdeaths.D．Ittransmitsdeadlyparasites.2、WhatcanweinferaboutsleepingsicknessfromParagraph3?A．It'sstillathreattohumanhealth.B．It'snotthatdangerousatpresent.C．It'sincurableintheearly20thcentury.D．It'scompletelyundercontrolinthe1960s.3、Whatdoestheunderlined"harbor"mostprobablymean?A．carryB．resistC．exchangeD．hide4、Whatdoesthelatestresearchindicateaccordingtothepassage?A．Sleepingsicknessisablooddisease.B．Skinismoresuitablefortheparasitetogrow.C．Sleepingsicknesscanbespreadwithnosigns.D．Parasitesintheskincausedthe1970sinfection.24．（8分）Companiesthatemployworkershaveaninterestinkeepingtheworkplacesafe.Job-relatedinjuriesaresomethingthatresponsibleemployersavoid.Theytakethetimeandusecompanyresourcestomakesurethatthepeoplewhocometoworkeachdayaresafe.Notonlydoesthismakegoodsensefromamoralstandpoint,butitalsomakesgoodfinancialsense.Ifaworkerisinjuredonthejob,itcoststhecompanyintermsoflostmamtours,increasedinsurancecosts,worker’scompensationpremiums（赔偿金）,andlegalposts.Productivityislostwhenotherworkershavetostopdoingtheirjobstodealwiththesituation.Evenaftertheinjuredworkerhasbeensenthomeortakentohospital,otheremployeesmaybeunfocusedorneedtotaketimeofffromworkintheresultoftheincident.Whenaworkplaceissafe,workersfeelmorecomfortableandconfidentwhentheyareinthatenvironment.Productivitygetsapromotion,andprofitsfollowsuit.Absencealsodropswhenemployerstakestepstocarryoutaneffectivesafetyprogram.Investinginagoodsafetyprogrambringswithitotherbenefitstoo.Whenemployeesfeelsafeintheworkplaceandabsenceratesarekeptdown,theycanfocusonservingthecompany’scustomersproperly.Manycompaniesofferproducesorservicesthataresimilartothosethatothercompaniescarryorprovide.Customerswilldecidewhichcompaniestheywanttodealwithbasedonwhichonetheyfeelprovidesthebestcustomerservice.Increasedabsencemeanslongerwaittimesandcustomersarequitepreparedtomoveontoanothercompanytheyfeelwillbeabletohelptheminamoretimelymanneriftheyarenotgettingthelevelofattentionthattheydeserve.Everyoneintheworkplacehasadutyandaresponsibilitytodowhatevertheycantokeeptheworkingenvironmentsafe.Managersshoulddealwithemployeeconcernsaboutsafelyissuesinanappropriatemanner.1、Whatbadeffectdoesanincidenthaveaccordingtothetext?A．Workersmayrefusetoworkagain.B．Thequalityofproductsmaydecline.C．Workersmaybehardtoconcentrate.D．Thecompanymayclosedown.2、WhatdoweknowaboutthesafeworkplaceformParagraph4?A．Itcaninspireworkers’creativity.B．Itcanbringworkersahigherpay.C．Itcanputanendtoworker’absence.D．Itcanbringtheemployermoremoney.3、Onwhatconditionwillthecustomersmoveontoanothercompanyaccordingtothetext?A．Iftheycan’tgetasaferproduct.B．Iftheyhavetowaitforalongtimetogetdeservedattention.C．Iftheyfeelthecompanycan’tprovideasaferworkplaceforthem.D．Iftheyfindthecompanyprovidesthesomeproductsasothersoffer.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．HowEmployeesCanProtectThemselvesB．CompaniesAreEnsuringEmployees’SafetyC．WhySafetyIsImportantintheWorkplaceD．HowtoCreateaSaferWorkplace25．（10分）EmiliaDobektracesherinterestinspaceandtheuniversebacktothirdgradewhensheandherfatherwatchedabloodmoon---atotallunareclipse(月蚀)---ontheroofoftheirhouse.Nowaseventh-graderatEastPrairieElementarySchool,DobekrecentlywonthenationalDiscoveryEducationLockheed-MartinBeyondChallengebydesigningaspacestationfortravellingtoMars.Shesaysthatnightwatchingthelunareclipsestartedastrongdesireinherthathasyettorunoutoffuel.SowhenherteacherAndreaSmeetonreceivedinformationaboutthenationalchallenge,Smeetonsaidsheimmediatelyhadonestudentinmind.“Iknewshewouldlovethechallengeandthatshewouldgowaybeyondinhersearch,”Smeetonsaid.“Sheimmediatelystartedresearchingbonedensity(密度)ofastronautsandhowtohavefoodonMars.”“Mydesignwillensurethesafetyoftheastronautsbutalsomakesuretheircomfortisoutofthisworld,”Dobeksays.Dobek’sdesigncallsforbuildingtheMSSorMarsStorageStationtoputthesuppliesin.ItalsoincludestheSGForSelf-CrowingFarm,andshedetailshowitwouldworkwiththeelementsonMars.ThenthereisphysicalandleisureactivityfortheastronautsunderDobek’sdesign.Asimulation(模拟装置)allowsastronautstochoosetheirexercisemachineandvirtual(虚拟的)realityenvironment.RoomshavecircularceilingssoastronautswillbeabletowatchdownloadedshowsandevenseeplacesonEarth,suchastheirhomes.“Iwanttotellotherkidstofollowtheirpassions.”Dobeksaid.“Whatevertheywanttodotheyshouldpushforitandalwaystrytheirbest.”1、Dobekfirstbecameinterestedinspacewhen.A．shewasstillaseventh-graderB．shestudiedatajuniorhighschoolC．shelivedonthetopoftheirhouseD．shewatchedaneclipseofthemoon2、SmeetonrecommendedthatDobektakethechallengebecause.A．sheknewDobeklikedchallengesinlifeB．shehadnootherstudentsinterestedinMarsC．DobekknewhowtoresearchbonedensityofastronautsD．shewassurethatDobekwouldhaveoutstandingperformance3、WhatdoesDobekfocusonwhendesigningthespacestation?A．TheenvironmentonMars.B．Thesafetyofthesupplies.C．Theactivitiesforastronauts.D．Thecomfortoftheastronauts.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Twoyearsago,Shirley,wife,motheranddoctor,foundherselfwornout.Shegotupearlier,andwenttobedlater,justtomeeteveryday____，butlacked____forthethingsthatmatteredmost.Sheandherhusband,alawyer,begansearchingforwaysto___theirlives.“Wehadtodecidewhatwasreally____，”saysShirley.Theyknewtheywantedmoretimeto____withtheirthree-­year-­oldson,toexerciseandeatright,andtodevelopfriendship.Sothecouplechosetolivemoresimply,shoppingwithcarefornecessitiesandenjoyinginexpensive____suchasreading,cookingandgoingtothepark.ThenShirley____herjobandbeganworkingparttime.Sheprintedbusinesscardsthat____“Atyourservice,buy____alittletime”andhelpedclients(客户)withpersonaltaskslikeshopping,payingbillsand____parties.“Istillworkhard,butbeingabletocontrolmyhoursmakesa____，”shesays,“Icansparetimetotakemysontothe____orplaybasketballwithhim.Mystressandheadachesare____.”Shirleyandherhusbandare____aloneinwantingto____andliveasatisfyinglife.Asurveyfoundthat54percentofparentssaytheyhavelittletimewiththeirchildren,and47percentofmarriedcouples____thattheylacktimetogether.____doesthetimego?Formostpeople,____andcommuting(通勤)takeupmostoftheday.Simplifyingmeansbecoming____ofthewaysweusemoney,timeandenergy,andfindingwaystomakethingseasier.Thenwehavetogain____overlifeandhavetimeforthepleasures.1、A．activities B．servicesC．demands D．exercises2、A．time B．strengthC．money D．ability3、A．lead B．simplifyC．adapt D．consider4、A．comfortable B．interestingC．important D．hard5、A．study B．helpC．meet D．play6、A．pleasures B．placesC．tasks D．goods7、A．found B．receivedC．took D．quit8、A．read B．wroteC．showed D．told9、A．us B．yourselfC．children D．herself10、A．attending B．organizingC．having D．going11、A．life B．resultC．balance D．difference12、A．office B．hospitalC．park D．school13、A．gone B．betterC．strong D．obvious14、A．abit B．farfromC．muchtoo D．morethan15、．A．keeppace B．settledownC．takeoff D．slowdown16、A．expect B．doubtC．complain D．imagine17、A．How B．WhenC．Where D．Why18、A．traveling B．readingC．shopping D．working19、A．aware B．afraidC．proud D．sure20、A．value B．controlC．success D．experience第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Walkingisoneofthehealthiestandcheapestwaystogetmoving.Allyouneedareapairofcomfortableshoesandthe1．(willing)togetmoving.Startgraduallyandincreaseyourdistance2．nomorethanfiveminuteseachweek.Don’tworryabouthowfaryoucango.Walkataproperspeedsothatyoucanbreathe3．(comfortable).Trythiswalkthreetimesinyourfirstweekandinthefollowingweekadd4．extracoupleofminutes.Continuetobuildyourdistancegraduallyuntilyouareatastage5．youcanwalkfor30minutes.Therewillbedayswhenyouwon’tfeellike6．(go)out.Weallcancreateexcusesonthesedays，butit’salotharder7．(explain)yourexcusestosomeoneelse.Sowalkingwithothers8．(be)abetterwayout.Sometimesacaninebuddy(犬类伙伴)isevenbetterthanahumanone.Evidence9．(show)themostactiveoldpeoplearethosewhohaveadog.Thedogwon’tlistentoyourexcusesaboutbeingtoobusyor10．(tire).Thedogwon’tmindthecoldortherain.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Therearemanywaysyoucanshowrespecttoothers.Insomecases,whatyoushoulddoislistenpatientwhensomeoneisspeaking,evenifyouhaveanythingimportanttosay.Someotherwaysyoucanshowrespectincludesthefollowingones.Takeacareofborrowedthings.Whenyouborrows