Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe 词汇及练习 学案-2021-2022学年高中英语外研版选修八

Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse

词汇短语

1.accustomedadj.习惯的

搭配：

beaccustomedto(doing)sth=beusedto(doing)sth习惯于(做)

某事

I'maccustomedtotheschoollifeherenow.

现在我习惯这儿的学校生活了。

Ihavebeenaccustomedtogoingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyfor

years.

我已习惯于早睡早起数年了。

accustomv.使...习惯于

Ittookawhileformetoaccustommyselftoallthenewrulesand

regulations.

我花了一段时间才适应所有新的规章制度。

2.witnessv.目击，亲眼看见;亲身经历

Didyouwitnesstheaccident?

你亲眼看到那场事故了吗？

(1)witnessv.作证(常与against,for,to等连用)

Ithinkshewillwitnessagainsthim.

我认为她会作证他有罪。

Hewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.

他作证说曾看到此人走进大楼。

(2)witnessn.目击者;见证人

Hewasoneofthewitnessesatourwedding.

他是我们婚礼的证婚人之一。

be(a)witnesstosth目击某事发生;为某事提供证据

bear/givewitness(tosth)为...作证;证明

3.assumev.假定，假设

搭配：

(1)assume+sth/that从句假定、认为...

Wecan'tassumeanythinginthiscase.

在这种情形下我们无法做出任何揣测。

Iassumethatyoualwaysgetupatthesametime.

我想你总是在同一时间起床。

(2)assumesb/sthtobe...假设某人/某物是...

He'snotsuchafoolasyouassumedhimtobe.

他并非你所认为的那样愚蠢。

assumptionn.假定，假设

ontheassumptionthat.../assumingthat...假定...

Assumingthat/Ontheassumptionthattheproposalisaccepted,when

arewegoingtogetthemoney?

假定这个建议被采纳，我们何时能拿到钱？

4.patiencen.耐心

Theworkrequiresbothskillandpatience.

这项工作既需要技术又需要耐心。

搭配：

beoutofpatiencewith耐不住...；对....忍无可忍

havenopatiencewith对...不能容忍;对....没有耐心

havepatiencetodosth做某事有耐心

bepatientwithsb对某人有耐心

bepatientofsth忍耐某事

patiently=withpatience耐心地

5.burstv.爆炸

Icarryasparetireinthebootofthecarincaseonebursts.

我带了一个备用轮胎放在后备厢里，以防爆胎。

burstintotears/laughter/cheers突然大哭/大笑/欢呼起来

burstoutcrying/laughing/singing突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来

burstintotheroom闯入屋里

burstwithanger勃然大怒

burstwithjoy/happiness非常高兴

burstin突然插嘴;打断

burstopen(使)猛然打开

6.acknowledgev.承认;认为

搭配：

(1)acknowledge+sth/that从句承认...

(2)acknowledgedoing...承认做过...

(3)acknowledge...as/tobe...认为...是...(常用于被动形式)

(4)Itswidely/universallyacknowledgedthat...大家普遍认为...

Theyacknowledgedtheirresponsibilityforthebombing.=They

acknowledgedthattheywereresponsibleforthebombing.

他们承认对这起爆炸事件负责。

ZhangYimouisacknowledgedasoneofthebestmoviedirectorsinChina

nowadays.

=ItsacknowledgedthatZhangYimouisoneofthebestmoviedirectorsin

Chinanowadays.

张艺谋被公认为是中国当今最优秀的电影导演之一。

acknowledgev.告知(收到)；感谢

Shewalkedrightpastmewithoutacknowledgingme.

她从我身旁走过，连个招呼也没打。

Hislongservicewiththecompanywasacknowledgedwithapresent.

公司送他一份礼物，答谢他为公司的长期服务。

7.defeatn.失败

Ineverconsiderthepossibilityofdefeat.

我从未考虑有失败的可能性。

defeatv.击败;战胜

辨析：

比较beat,defeat和win

(1)beat和defeat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜、击败(对手)”，后接竞

争对手。

Thenewsthathehasbeendefeated/beatenintheelectionisnottrue.

他在大选中被击败的消息不属实。

(2)win“战胜、赢得”，其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之

类意义的词。竞争对手不能作其宾语。

winagame/match/race在游戏/比赛/赛跑中获胜

winagoldmedal(在比赛、竞赛中)赢得金牌

winsupport赢得支持

8.accusev.指责

搭配：

accusesbofsth/doingsth控告某人某事/做某事

Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.

警方指控他谋杀。

Sheaccusedhimofstealingherwatch.

她控告他偷她的表。

辨析：

比较accuse,charge和blame

(1)accuse指当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法庭。

(2)charge指因犯较大错误或重大罪行而进行正式法律控诉，可构成

chargesbwithsth的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。

Thepolicearegoingtochargehimwithmurder.

警察准备控告他谋杀。

(3)blame指对不好的事物或对做错事的人给予责备，可构成blamesbfor

(doing)sth或sbistoblameforsth的搭配。

Thedriverwastoblamefortheaccident.

这起交通事故的责任应归责于这个司机。

9.reliefn.安慰;宽慰

Tomygreatrelief,Iwasn'tlate.

我庆幸的是没有迟到。

搭配：

It'sagreatrelieftodosth做某事让人宽慰

It'sagreatrelieftofindyouhere.

见到你在这儿我就放心了。

toone'srelief使某人感到庆幸或宽慰的是

inrelief如释重负地

bring/givereliefto给...带来宽慰

10.consultv.咨询;请教

搭配：

consultsbaboutsth就某事向某人征求意见

Heconsultedhislawyeraboutthecase.

他就此案向律师做了咨询。

consultadoctor看瞽生

consultwithsb与某人商量

consultamap/dictionary查阅地图/词典

consultonesnotes查看某人的肇记

11.inspiteof不管

Inspiteoftheheavysnow,hedrovedowntown.

尽管下着大雪，他还是开车去了城里。

搭配：

inspiteof/despitethefactthat...不管...的事实

辨析：

比较inspiteof和although/though

inspiteof是介词短语,后接宾语。although/though是连词，后接从句。

Theyhadawonderfulholidayinspiteofthebadweather.

=Theyhadawonderfulholidaythough/althoughtheweatherwasbad.

尽管天气不好，他们还是度过了一个美好的假期。

regardlessof不管;不顾

12.setout开始做;着手进行

搭配：

setouttodosth=setaboutdoingsth=getdowntodoingsth

着手、开始做某事

Atfiveinthemorninghesetouttodo(setaboutdoing)hiswork.

清晨五点他就开始工作。

setoutfor=set。什for=leavefor动身去...

Havingsaidgoodbyetotheirfriends,theysetout(setoff)forParis.

他们向朋友告别后，就动身去巴黎了。

跟踪练

阅读理解

A

Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeand

effortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparent

benefits?Whyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanon

conditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,

areveryoftenasked.

Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.

Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andintoall

possibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,the

betteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceis

thisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.

Explorationalsoallowsminerals（矿物）andotherpotentialresourcesto

befound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbe

usefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledge

ortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmay

havemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.

Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspin-offsincludingimprovementsin

earthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandin

communicationssystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesare

by-products（副产品）oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespace.

Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,the

explorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofour

speciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Thedangerexists,but

knowledgecanhelphumanbeingstosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachout

acrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.

WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptive

abilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthe

lifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthe

pastandsurelycouldinthefuture.

1.WhydoestheauthorraisethequestionsinParagraph1?

A.Toexpresshisdoubts.

B.Tocomparedifferentideas.

C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.

D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.

2.WhydohumansliketoexploreaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Theyareborntodoso.

B.Theyhavethetendencytofight.

C.Theyliketostayindifferentplaces.

D.Theywanttofindnewsourcesoffood.

3.Theunderlinedword"spin-offs"inParagraph3probablyrefersto.

A.survivalchancesB.potentialresources

C.unexpectedbenefitsD.physicalpossessions

4.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusaboutspaceexploration?

A.Ithascreatedmanywonders.

B.Itprovidedthebestvalueformoney.

C.Itcanbenefitscienceandtechnology.

D.ItmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.

B

ForgetlightingaChristmastreeinthetraditionalway,withstringsoflights

pluggedintothewall.TheLivingPlanetAquarium（水族馆）inSandy,Utah

isusingoneofitsveryownresidents—anelectriceel（电包曼）一totwinkleits

tree.

"Visitorscanvisuallyandaudiblyexperiencethepowerofourelectriceel

andgetarealsenseofhowamazingthiscreatureis,HsaidAngieHyde,the

aquariumsmarketingdirector.

Forthepastthreeyears,Sparky,anelectriceelthatispartofthe

aquariums“JourneyToSouthAmerica"gallery,hasbeen"sparking"the

five-foottalltreewithelectriccurrentsthathegivesoffintothewater.Withtwo

stainless-steelelectrodes（不锈钢电极），thecurrentsareconnectedto

sequencers,whichinturnproduceflashinglights.Therateatwhichthey

blinkdependsonthepowerSparkyproduces.

"He'sjustdoinghisnatural,normalactivity.Itteachesvisitorsaboutthe

eelandwhatit'sallabout,“saidHyde.

HydesaidvisitorshavewarmlywelcomedSparkyandhisglowingtalent,

whichshesaidwillbecomearegularholidaytradition.Thedisplayis

sponsoredbyalocalpowercompany,CacheValleyElectric.Itwillrununtil

Dec.31.

"Wethoughtwe'dputafestivetwistonitfortheholidays,whichhasbeen

ahugehitwithourmembersandvisitors,“Hydesaid.

NativetothewatersoftheAmazonandOrinocobasinsinSouthAmerica,

electriceelspossessorganswithnearly6,000specializedcells,or

electrolytesthatcanstoreasmuchasfivetimesthepoweronecangetfroma

USwallplug.

"Thisreallyhelpsgiveavisualideaofwhatananimalreallydoesona

dailybasisinareallycreativeway,"Hydesaid.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“twinkle"inParagraph1mean?

A.Paint.

B.Decorate.

C.Makesomethingshines.

D.Makesomethingstrong.

6.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSparky?

A.ItworksintheLivingPlanetAquarium.

B.Itblinksatcertainratefromtimetotime.

C.Itisanelectriceelbelongingtoanaquarium.

D.Itisconnectedwithstainless-steelelectrodes.

7.AccordingtoHyde,whatcanbeinferredaboutthedisplay?

A.Itoperateseveryfestivaloftheyear.

B.Itgivesusabetterunderstandingofeels.

C.Ithaswonmuchprofitfortheaquarium.

D.Itismetwithsomeanimalactivist'scriticism.

8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.IntroductionoftheElectricEels

B.ANewFormofEnergyDeveloped

C.ElectricEelsDecorateChristmasTrees

D.ElectricEelsPowerChristmasTreeLights

阅读七选五

Weareallcalledupontomakeapublicspeechatsomepointinlife,but

mostofusdon'tmakeitapleasantjob.

So,youhavetogiveaspeech—andyouaredeeplyterrified.Youget

nervousfromthebeginningofit,youstumble（结结巴巴）overwords,and

youboreyouraudience.Lateryouthink,"ThankGoodness,it'sover.I'm

justnotgoodatpublicspeaking.IhopeI'llneverhavetodothatagain."

Cheerup!Herearesomeeasy-to-dostepstotakethepainoutofspeech

making.First,askyourselfthepurposeofyourspeech.Thenspendplentyof

yourtimegatheringandorganizingyourmaterial.Useasmanyexamplesas

possible,andusepictures,charts,andgraphsiftheycanhelpyoumake

yourpointsmoreclearly.Don'ttalkovertheirheads,anddon'ttalkdownto

them.Treatyouraudiencewithrespect.Theywillappreciateyour

thoughtfulness.

Justremember：Bewellprepared.Understandyoursubject,your

audience,andtheoccasion.Bebrief.Andbeyourself.Letyourtrue

personalitycomethroughinorderthatyoumakeperson-to-personcontact

withyouraudience.

Ifyoufollowthesesimplebutusefulsteps,youwillseethatyoudon't

havetobeafraidofpublicspeeches.Asamatteroffact,youmayfindthe

experiencesoenjoyablethatyoureallywanttohavemoreofthem!You're

stillnotconvincedyet?Youwillgetimpressedbyyourself.

A.Neverforgetyouraudience.

B.Itdoesn'thavetobethatbad.

C.Giveitatryandseewhathappens.

D.Saywhatyouhavetosayandthenstop.

E.Don'tsaywhatyouaren'tfamiliarwith.

F.Takeseveraldeepbreathsbeforeyouspeak.

G.Thisarticlegivessomeadviceonhowtogiveagoodspeech.

1.2.3.4.5.

语法填空

Doyouenjoy_L(explore)thegreatoutdoors?Lately,rockclimbing

hasbecomeverypopular.Cliffecosystemsarehome_2_manylivingt