老高考旧教材适用2025版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练十一主旨大意题-文章大意类

考点分类练(十一)主旨大意题——文章大意类Passage1(2024吉林省吉林市三模)HisinterestinChineselanguageandcharactersdatesfrom1972,whenRichardSears,wasa22-year-oldphysicsmajoratPortlandStateUniversityinOregon.ToSears,thecharacterswerecomplexwithmanystrokes(笔画)andalmostnoapparentlogic.ButwhenhecouldgetanexplanationofaChinesecharacter’soriginalmeaningandaninterpretationofitspictographs(象形文字),itwouldsuddenlybecomeapparenthowallthestrokeshadcometobe.“I’maphysicist,soIdon’tlikeblindmemorization.IknewthatChinesecharacterscamefrompictographsandIwantedtoknowthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters.”Ashestudied,Searsfoundthatmanyoftheexplanationswereconflictingandeventheexpertswereatodds.Hedecidedtocomputerizethecharacters,sothathecouldseparategoodopinionsfrombadones.Hescannedabout96,000ancientcharactersandestablishedthedatabaseofthem.

In2002hegothiswebsiteupandnameditChineseEtymology,wherevisitorscancheckforfreethedevelopmentofChinesecharactersinvariousforms,fromtheoriginalpictographstothemodernsimplifiedforms.Theclickstothewebsitewentupto600,000inoneday.OvernighthebecameAmericanUncleHanzi,anickname(外号)givenbyChinesenetizens.Besides,hehasexplainedtheoriginof15,000moderncharacters.Forexample,thecharacterjia(home)hasarooftopandapigunderneath.InsouthernChinawhereitrainsalot,peopleputtheirhousesonstilts(木桩),soifitflooded,theinsideofthehousewouldnotgetwet.So,thepigsliveunderneaththehouse.Lastyear,SearssetuphisstudioinNanjingthatfocusesonapplyingAR,animation(动画)andartificialintelligencetotellstoriesofChinesecultureandcharacterorigins.Hehasmadeover60suchvideosinEnglishwithChinesesubtitlesforavideowebsite.“Theyhavebothentertainmentandeducationalvalue,”hesays.Inthemeantime,Searshasbeenupdatingthedatabase.“Myphilosophyishuodaolaoxuedaolao.”1.Accordingtoparagraph1,whydidSearswanttoknowthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters?A.TomakehislifeinChinamucheasier.B.TobecomeanexpertatChinesecharacters.C.Tosolvesomerelatedproblemsinphysics.D.TomemorizeChinesecharactersmoreeasily.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wereatodds”inparagraph2mean?A.Helddifferentviews.B.Showednointerest.C.Hadnodoubtatall.D.Wereunderattack.3.WhatdidSearsdototellthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters?A.HeestablishedadatabaseforalltheancientChinesecharacters.B.HebuiltawebsiteaboutthedevelopmentofChinesecharacters’forms.C.Heillustratedthestructuresof15,000modernChinesecharacters.D.HesetupastudiotomakevideosaboutthestoriesofChinesehistory.4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Chinesecharacterscatchingtheworld’swideattention.B.AChinesecharacterwebsiteestablishedbyanAmerican.C.AmericanUncleHanzidevotedtoChinesecharacters.D.Thesecrettolanguagelearning—long-lastinginterest.Passage2(2024江西景德镇三模)Germanworkersenjoygoodworkerprotectionsandshorterworkinghoursthanthoseinothercountries.Howcanacountrythatworksanaverageof35hoursperweek(withadditionallyaverage24paidvacationdays)maintainsuchahighlevelofproductivity?InGermanbusinessculture,whenanemployeeisatwork,heshouldnotbedoinganythingotherthanhiswork.Meta,officechatwithco-workers,andpullingupafakespreadsheetwhenyourbosswalksbyaresociallyunacceptablebehaviors.IntheBBCdocumentaryMakeMeAGerman,ayoungGermanwomanexplainedhercultureshockwhileonaworkingexchangetotheUK.“IwasinEnglandforanexchange.Iwasintheofficeandthepeoplearetalkingallthetimeabouttheirprivatethings...‘What’stheplanfortonight?’,andallthetimedrinkingcoffee...”ShewasquitesurprisedbythecasualnatureofBritishworkers.Uponfurtherdiscussion,GermansrevealthatMetaisnotallowedintheoffice,andnoprivateemailispermitted.Germanbusinesscultureisoneofintensefocusanddirectcommunication.Germanworkerswilldirectlyspeaktoamanageraboutperformancereviewsandusecommandinglanguagewithoutsofteningtheorderswithpolitephrases.Forexample,anAmericanwouldsay,“Itwouldbegreatifyoucouldgetthistomeby3pm,”whileaGermanwouldsay,“Ineedthisby3pm.”Germansworkhardandplayhard.Sincetheworkingdayisfocusedonachievingefficientproductivity,theoff-hoursaretrulyoff-hours.BecauseofthefocusedatmosphereandformalenvironmentofGermanbusinesses,employeesdon’tnecessarilyhangouttogetherafterwork.Germansgenerallyvalueaseparationbetweentheirprivatelifeandworkinglife.5.WhatshouldanemployeedowhileworkinginGerman?A.GlanceoverMeta.B.Justdotheirwork.C.Chatwithco-workers.D.Sendprivateemails.6.HowdidtheyoungGermanwomanthinkoftheworkinglifeofBritishworkers?A.Agreeable.B.Understanding.C.Tolerant. D.Astonished.7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Germanemployeeshavelongerhoursthanmostothercountries.B.Germanemployeesalwayscommunicatebyusingpolitewords.C.Germanemployeesoftenworkhardandpursueefficiency.D.Germanemployeeshangouttogetherafterwork.8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.UnacceptablebehaviorsinGermanbusinessculture.B.Germansvaluegoal-orientedanddirectcommunication.C.Germansattachimportancetotheirworkinglife.D.WhyGermansworkfewerhoursbutproducemore.Passage3(2024江西九江三模)Ifyouweresufferingfromdepression,youwouldturntosugaryholidaydesserts,whichwereusuallyconsideredtohelppeoplefeelrelieved.However,ifnowyouareinthesamesituation,youwillonlysay“bahhumbug”tothemforindeedit’sabsolutelyabsurd.

Recently,anewstudyfromateamofclinicalpsychologistsattheUniversityofKansassuggeststhataddedsugarcancauseinflammation(发炎)andprocessesofmetabolismandthenervesystem,allofwhicharetiedtodepressiveillness.Coupledwithdecreasinglightinwintertimeandrelatedchangesinsleeppatterns,highsugarconsumptioncouldresultinnegativeeffectsonmentalhealth,accordingtotheresearchers.Theresearchersfoundthatinflammationisthekeyphysiologicaleffectofdietarysugarrelatedtomentalhealth.“Alargenumberofpeoplewithdepressionhavehighlevelsofsystemicinflammation,”saidStephenIlardi,aco-authorofthestudy.“Whenwethinkaboutinflammatorydisease,wethinkaboutdiabetes,adiseasewithahighlevelofsystemicinflammation.Wedon’tnormallythinkaboutdepressionincludedinthat,butitis—notforeveryonewho’sdepressed,butforabouthalf.Wealsoknowthatinflammatoryhormonescandirectlypushthebrainintoaseveredepression.Aninflamedbrainistypicallyadepressedbrain.Andaddedsugarscauseinflammationtothebodyandbrain.”Theproblemisworsethistimeofyear.“Formanypeople,reducedsunlightexposureduringthewinterwilldisturbbiologicalrhythms,disruptinghealthysleepandpushing5to10percentofthepopulationintoafullyclinicaldepression,”Ilardisays.9.Whatkindofemotiondotheunderlinedwords“bahhumbug”expressinparagraph1?A.Envy. B.Satisfaction.C.Preference. D.Dislike.10.Whichfactormaycauseharmtomentalhealthaccordingtothetext?A.Greatvarietiesofclinicaldiseases.B.Nointakeofdietarysugar.C.Someanxietiesinsleeppatterns.D.Highsugarwithlesssunlight.11.WhydoestheauthormentionthewordsofStephenIlardi?A.Tointroducemoreabouttheco-authorofthestudy.B.Tosupporthisideathatdietarysugarresultsindepression.C.Todrawtheconclusionthatinflammatorydiseasecancausediabetes.D.Togivemoredetailsaboutthepossibleresultsofmentaldepression.12.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Theimportanceofmentalhealth.B.Thedamagetomentalhealthfromsugar.C.Thesugartreatmentfordepression.D.Thenumberofpeoplewithdepression.

考点分类练(十一)主旨大意题——文章大意类Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了一位美国人痴迷中国汉字,他建立了古汉字数据库,创立了汉语词源网站,阐释15,000个现代汉字的起源,创办工作室录制中国文化和汉字词源故事的视频。中国的网友们亲切地称呼他为“美国汉字大叔”。1.D解析推理推断题。依据第一段中“I’maphysicist,soIdon’tlikeblindmemorization.IknewthatChinesecharacterscamefrompictographsandIwantedtoknowthestoriesbehindtheChinesecharacters.”可知,作为物理学家,他不喜爱盲目记忆,他知道汉字来自象形文字,所以他想了解汉字背后的故事。因此,他是为了更简单地记忆汉字,特地去了解它们背后的故事。2.A解析词义揣测题。依据其次段首句中的“and”可知,“conflicting”与“atodds”构成并列关系,由此推知,所猜词的意思是“持有不同的观点”。3.B解析细微环节理解题。依据第三段首句可知,他创办的ChineseEtymology网站可以供访客免费查阅汉字发展的各种不同形式,因此这个网站是关于汉字的各种发展形式的。4.C解析主旨大意题。通读文章可知,本文主要讲解并描述了一位致力于汉字探讨的美国汉字大叔的故事。所以C项“美国叔叔酷爱汉字”是本文主旨大意。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了为什么德国人工作时间更少但生产更多。5.B解析细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中“InGermanbusinessculture,whenanemployeeisatwork,heshouldnotbe