2024年湖南省中考英语真题（解析版）

PAGE12024年湖南省中考英语试卷第二部分,阅读理解。第一节,阅读下列材料,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。1．(6分)COMMUNITYNOTICEBOARDVolunteersNeededLibraryHelpersWantedBookloversreadstoriestochildreneverySundayinJuly.Pleasefillinaformonline.HelpforOldPeopleHelpattheoldpeople’shome.Danceorsingwell.FreeinSeptember.CleanersandGardenersVolunteersareneededforcleaningandgardeningatRoseGarden.Goodattakingcareofplants.Workfrom7a.m.tonoononAugust5thand6th.1.Howcanyougetmoreinformationtovolunteerinthelibrary?A.Visititswebsite. B.E-mailAnna. C.CallMr.Walker.2.WherecanvolunteershelpinSeptember?A.Inthelibrary. B.AtRoseGarden. C.Attheoldpeople’shome.3.WhatshouldyoubegoodatifyouwanttovolunteeratRoseGarden?A.Readingstories. B.Dancingandsinging. C.Takingcareofplants.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【导语】本文是社区公告板上招募志愿者的广告，需要图书馆助手、老年人之家的帮手以及花园清洁和园艺志愿者。【1题详解】细节理解题。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二框中“Helpattheoldpeople’shome.Danceorsingwell.FreeinSeptember.”可知，9月份有空的志愿者可以去老人之家帮忙。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第三框中“VolunteersareneededforcleaningandgardeningatRoseGarden.Goodattakingcareofplants.”可知，如果你想去玫瑰园做志愿者，你应该擅长照顾植物。故选C。Wouldyoubeabletosleepwithoneeyeopen?Bottlenosedolphins(宽吻海豚)can.Whentheysleep,onlyhalfoftheirbraingoestosleep.Theysleepwithoneeyeopentostaysafe.Halfoftheirbrainsleepsforabouttwohoursbeforetheotherhalfoftheirbraingetsachancetosleep.Sometimes,thedolphinswillkeepswimmingwhiletheyaresleeping.Dolphinsarenotfish—theyaremammals(哺乳动物).Thesemammalshavelungs(肺).Andtheydon’thavegills(腮)likefish.Theyarealsowarm-bloodedandhavetogotothesurfaceofthewatertogetairintotheirlungs.Dolphinsdon’tlayeggs.Theiryoungarebornaliveandtheydrinkmilkfromtheirmothers.Dolphinsareoneofthesmartestanimalsintheworld.Therearemanystoriesabouthowtheysavepeopleoutofwater.Theyareabletosolvemanyproblemslikehumans.Theycanevenusetoolstocatchfish.Buttheirclevernessdoesn’tendthere.Dolphinscanalsopassonanythingtheylearntootherdolphins,likeinterestingfishingskills.Theycommunicatewitheachotherinmanyways.Theyusedifferentsoundstotalktoeachother.Dolphinsknowthe“voices”ofotherdolphinsandevenknowexactlywhoismakingwhichsound.Anotherthingthatshowstheirclevernessisthattheycanalsoknowthemselvesinamirror(镜子)andcheckdifferentpartsoftheirbodyinit.4.Whydobottlenosedolphinssleepwithoneeyeopen?A.Tostaysafe.B.Tosleepfortwohours.C.Toswimfaster.5.Whatcanwelearnaboutdolphinsfromparagraph2?A.Theyusegillstogetair.B.Theyarewarm-blooded.C.Theylayeggslikefish.6.Howdodolphinstalktoeachother?A.Bylearningfishingskills.B.Byusingdifferentsounds.C.Bycheckingtheirbodies.7.Whichpartofamagazinemaythepassagebetakenfrom?A.Art. B.Health. C.Nature.【答案】4.A5.B6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“Theysleepwithoneeyeopentostaysafe.”可知，海豚睡觉时睁着一只眼睛是为了保证安全。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据“Theyarealsowarm-bloodedandhavetogotothesurfaceofthewatertogetairintotheirlungs.”可知，海豚是温血动物。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据“Theyusedifferentsoundstotalktoeachother.”可知，海豚通过使用不同的声音互相交谈。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点，故推测这篇文章可能选自杂志的自然界版块。故选C。Headphonesarehelpful.Manykidsusethem.Butheadphonescanbeharmful,too.Theycancausehearinglossifthevolume(音量)istooloud.StudiesshowthatoneoutofeverytenkidsintheUnitedStateshassomehearingloss.Thecauseisloudnoise.Doyouknowhowwehear?Therearecells(红胞)insidetheearsthathelpushear.Wecan’tseethemwithoureyes.“Wecallthemhaircells,”JackieClarksaid.“Theylooklikehairsstandingup.”ClarkisascientistattheUniversityofTexas.Shestudiesnoisesandears.Soundcannotbeseen,butitcanmakethehaircellsmovebackandforward.Thinkofthewindintheleaves.Loudnoisescandamage(损伤)thesecells.Andoncethecellsaredamaged,theydon’tgrowback.Sometimesthere’stinnitus.“It’slikesomeoneisplayinganoteontheflute(长笛)foralongtime,”Clarksays.Itshowswe’relosinghearing.Tinnitusisnotonlyharmfultoourears,alsoitcanmakeusfeeluneasy.That’swhyit’snecessarytoprotectourears.Howcanweprotectourears?We’dbetterkeepthevolumelowwhenweuseourheadphones.Weshouldbeabletohearsoundsaroundus.Andotherpeopleshouldn’thearnoisefromourheadphones.“IfIcanhearwhatyou’relisteningtowhenyou’rewearingyourheadphones,”Clarksays,“it’stooloud.”Toprotectourears,keepourheadphonesatabouthalfvolume.8.Whatcanweknowabouthaircells?A.Theyhelpushear.B.Theylooklikehairslyingdown.C.Theycanbeseenclearlywithoureyes.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tinnitus”meaninParagraph3?A.Amusicalvoice.B.Akindofinstrument.C.Ringinginears.10.What’sthemainpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Togiveadvice.B.Toshowproblems.C.Toexplainreasons.11.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Beforelisteningtomusic,chooseagoodheadphone.B.Whenusingaheadphone,keepthevolumelow.C.Afterusingaheadphone,checkyourears.【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了耳机很有用，但是它也会导致听力丧失，所以文章建议我们要合理使用耳机。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据“Therearecells(细胞)insidetheearsthathelpushear.Wecan’tseethemwithoureyes.‘Wecallthemhaircells,’JackieClarksaid.”可知，毛细胞帮助我们听到声音。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据“‘It’slikesomeoneisplayinganoteontheflute(长笛)foralongtime,’Clarksays.”可知，这就像有人在笛子上很长时间吹一个音符，即耳朵有时有耳鸣现象。故推测划线单词应该是“耳鸣”的意思。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据“Howcanweprotectourears?We’dbetterkeepthevaluevolumelowwhenweuseourheadphones.”可知，此段主要给出了使用耳机的建议。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据“Howcanweprotectourears?We’dbetterkeepthevaluevolumelowwhenweuseourheadphones.”可知，本文主要讲了为了保护我们的耳朵，使用耳机时最好把音量调小。故选B。Whatcanyoudowhenyoudon’twanttodohomework?Youknowithastobedone,butit’sthelastthingyouwanttodo.Howcanyoudealwiththeproblem?____12____Setgoals(目标)foryourself,Yourgoalsdon'thavetobebig.Infact,thesmaller,thebetter.Startbysettinggoalsyoucanreacheasily.Takeaplanandwriteitdown.____13____Becausesomethingaboutthewrittenwordsmakesithardertoforget.Onceyouwriteitdown,itseasiertocarryitout.____14____Doitfirstbecauseitneedsafreshmind.Youoftendislikeitifyoufindyourhomeworkdifficult.Butifyoutryyourbestandfinishit,you’llhaveasenseofachievement.Userewards(奖励)tomarkyourprogress.Ifyouhavecompletedpartofyourhomework,youcouldtakeabreak.____15____Oryoucouldeven“allow”yourselftogotoamovieonFriday.Askyourparentsforhelp.Ifyoudon’task,yourparentswillneverknowwhattroubleyouhave.Sotheywon’tbeabletogiveyouhelpfuladvice.Thesesuggestionsabovecouldworkonyou.Trythemout.It’stimetotakeactionnow.A.Howcanyoumakeaplan?BDodifficulthomeworkfirst.C.Whyshouldyouwriteitdown?D.Hereissomeadvicetohelpyou.E.Youcouldalsoeatsomethingyoulike.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.E【解析】【导语】本文主要讲了针对不想做作业问题而提出的几个建议。【12题详解】根据上文“Howcanyoudealwiththeproblem?”和下文“Setgoalsforyourself、Takeaplanandwriteitdown、Userewardstomarkyourprogress.”可知说的是处理不想做作业问题的建议，结合选项，D选项“这里有一些建议可以帮助你。”与之相符。故选D。【13题详解】根据上文“Takeaplanandwriteitdown.”和下文Becausesomethingaboutthewrittenwordsmakesithardertoforget.”可知，介绍了记在计划的原因，故空处会询问为什么要写下来，结合选项知，C选项“你为什么要写下来？”与之相符。故选C。【14题详解】根据下文“Youoftendislikeitifyoufindyourhomeworkdifficult.”可知说的是不喜欢难的家庭作业，故空处与家庭作业相关。结合选项，B选项“先做难的作业。”与之相符。故选B。15题详解】根据上文“Userewards(奖励)tomarkyourprogress.”可知，用奖励来标记你的进步。可知说的是使用奖励，结合选项可知，E选项“你也可以吃你喜欢的东西。”与之相符。故选E。第三部分,语言运用。第一节,Asachild,Iwasquiteactive.Iwasrunningaroundandgettinghurtalmosteveryday.Mymomwas____16____.Aneighboradvisedmetolearntofish.Ilikedthe____17____,butmymomsaidno.Shethoughtitwas____18____togetclosetoanybodyofwater.Atlast,mymomgotanotheridea.Everyday,shemademesitatthedeskand____19____foranhour.Ihatedreadingandcriedalot.Then,my____20____,aschoolteacher,cametohelp.Heledmetomydeskandtoldmeto____21____onebook.“Readjusttwentypages.Ifyoustillfeelboredafterthat,justputitdownandchooseanotherone,”hesaid.IstartedwithTheEmperor’sNewClothes.AfterIreadtwenty____22____asmyunclesuggested,Iwasrolling(打滚)onthefloorlaughing.Whatastupidemperor!Next,Ireadmorebooks.Astimewenton,Iwasableto____23____understandthestories.SoIstartedreadinglongerandmoreseriousbooks.IfellinlovewithJourneytotheWest.MymomsaidIshouldspendmoretimeplayingoutside.ButIdidn’twantto____24____thebook.Tothisday,Imaketimetoreadeveryday.Ifyouhaven’tyetexperiencedthefunofreading,takemyuncle’sadviceandfindthe“____25____”books.They’llgiveyouenjoyment,teachyousomethingnewandevenchangeyourlife.16.A.bored B.surprised C.worried17.A.idea B.rule C.truth18.A.helpful B.dangerous C.necessary19.A.draw B.write C.read20A.uncle B.father C.neighbor21.A.describe B.pick C.borrow22.A.words B.lines C.pages23.A.hardly B.easily C.wrongly24.A.putdown B.giveaway C.lookthrough25.A.long B.serious C.right【答案】16.C17.A18.B19.C20.A21.B22.C23.B24.A25.C【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了作者总是因为太活跃而造成了一些问题，妈妈把阅读作为治疗作者的方法，后来作者逐渐找到了阅读的乐趣。【16题详解】句意：我妈妈很担心。bored无聊的；surprised惊讶的；worried担心的。根据“Iwasrunningaroundandgettinghurtalmosteveryday.”可知作者每天几乎都会受伤，妈妈很担心。故选C。【17题详解】句意：我喜欢这个主意，但我妈妈不同意。idea主意；rule规则；truth真相。根据“Aneighboradvisedmetolearntofish.”可知，作者喜欢钓鱼这个主意。故选A。【18题详解】句意：她认为靠近水边是危险的。helpful有帮助的；dangerous危险的；necessary有必要的。根据“mymomsaidno”可知，她认为是危险的。故选B。【19题详解】句意：每天她让我坐在桌旁读一小时书。draw画；write写；read读。根据“Ihatedreading”可知，此处指读书。故选C。【20题详解】句意：然后我的叔叔，一位教师来帮助我。uncle叔叔；father父亲；neighbor邻居。根据“asmyunclesuggested”可知，此处指叔叔。故选A。21题详解】句意：他把我带到桌旁，让我挑选一本书。describe描述；pick挑选；borrow借。根据“Heledmetomydeskandtoldme”可知，他让作者挑一本书读。故选B。【22题详解】句意：当我像我叔叔建议的那样读完20页之后，我笑得在地上打滚。words词；lines线；pages页。根据“Readjusttwentypages.”可知，此处指页码。故选C。【23题详解】句意：随着时间的推移，我可以很容易地理解故事内容。hardly几乎不；easily容易地；wrongly错误地。根据“SoIstartedreadinglongerandmoreseriousbooks.”可知，我可以很容易地读懂故事。故选B。【24题详解】句意：但我不想放下书。putdown放下；giveaway赠送；lookthrough浏览。根据But表示转折可知，作者不想放下书出去玩。故选A。【25题详解】句意：如果你还没有体会到读书的乐趣，采纳我叔叔的建议，找到合适的书阅读。long长的；serious严肃的；right合适的。根据“takemyuncle’sadviceandfind”可知此处指找到适合自己的书去阅读。故选C。Iworkatamostpopularrestaurantinmyhometown.Iloveworkinghereasamemberofafantasticteam.Peopleherearevery____26____(friend),andhard-working.IstartedbywashingdisheswhenIwasonly18.Iworkedhard,andsoonbecame____27____waiter.Simon,whowasheadchef(主厨)then,begantoshow____28____(I)howtocook.IloveditsomuchandI____29____(go)tocollegetolearnmore.WhenSimonlefttherestaurant,Ibecameheadchef.Atthetimeallthefoodwastraditional.Thequality(品质)wasgood,butIwantedtodosomethingdifferent,soIdecided____30____(have)adifferentmenu.Nowweservefoodfromalloverthecountry.Therearemanymarketsandfoodshopshere.Ican____31____(usual)findanyingredient(配料)Ineed.Iusealotofnaturalfood.Somepeoplethinkitisnotsodelicious,____32____Idon’tagree.Well-preparednaturalfoodhasa____33____(good)tastethanfastfood.Ourfoodishealthyandmostcustomersloveit.Weusethebestmeatandthefreshestvegetables.Attheweekendweplaymany____34____(kind)ofmusic.There’salsoaspecialmenu____35____childrenonSaturdaysandthat’swhenweservetraditionalfood.【答案】26.friendly27.a28.me29.went30.tohave31.usually32.but33.better34.kinds35.for【解析】【导语】本文讲述了作者在家乡一家非常受欢迎的餐厅工作的经历。【26题详解】句意：这里的人都很友好而且辛勤。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词形式，作表语，friendly“友好的”符合。故填friendly。【27题详解】句意：我努力工作，很快就成为一名服务员。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指的一名服务员，使用不定冠词；waiter以辅音音素开头，使用不定冠词a。故填a。【28题详解】句意：西蒙，那时是主厨，开始教我如何做饭。分析句子结构可知，空处使用人称代词宾格，作宾语。故填me。【29题详解】句意：我非常喜欢它，我去大学学习更多。根据空前的“loved”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，此处使用过去式形式。故填went。【30题详解】句意：质量很好，但我想做一些不同的东西，所以我决定有一个不同的菜单。decidetodosth.“决定做某事”，固定词组。故填tohave。【31题详解】句意：我可以通常找到我需要的任何配料。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词，作状语。故填usually。【32题详解】句意：有些人认为它不好吃，但我不同意。根据空前后的句意可知，此处句意发生了转折，but“但是”符合。故填but。【33题详解】句意：精心准备的天然食品比快餐更美味。根据空后的“than”可知，此处使用比较级形式。故填better。【34题详解】句意：在周末我们播放许多种音乐。根据空前的“many”可知，此处使用复数形式。故填kinds。【35题详解】句意：星期六我们还为孩子们提供特别菜单，那时我们供应传统食物。根据“There’salsoaspecialmenu…childrenonSaturdays”的句意可知，此处指为孩子们提供特别菜单，for“为了”符合。故填for。第四部分,综合技能。第一节,“ThoughIwasbornwithhalfaleftarm,Idon’tthinkI’munlucky,”saidMsYang,a35-year-oldwomanfromasmallvillageinHunan.She’sasuccessfulXiangembroidery(湘绣)artist.NowsherunsaXiangembroiderystore.Shelivedahardlifeformanyyears.Luckily,herwholefamilysupportedher.Aftercollegesheappliedfor(申请)over200jobsbutwasturneddownagainandagain.Shetriedtostartherownbusinessbutfailedwithallhermoneylost.ThensheturnedtoXiangembroidery.MsYang’sinterestinXiangembroiderybeganwhenshewasachild.Shelearnedsomeofthebasicsfromaneighbor.Afterrunningthestore,shetookmanytrainingcourses,includingathree-yearcourseatTsinghuaUniversity.Shekeptdevelopingherskills,sayingthatherdisabilitywouldn’tstopher.In2014,herbusinessfinallystartedmakingmoney.Thenshetriedtodosomethingforsociety.Xiangembroideryhasahistoryofover2,000years.AsXiangembroideryisoneofthefourbest-knownstyles(风格)ofembroideryinChina,shehopestospreaditscultureandmakemorepeoplelearnaboutit.Byofferingfreelessons,MsYanghelpslotsofpeople,includingmanydisabledones.MsYang’sstoryisencouraging.Itshowshowimportantstrongwillsandinterestsare.Whenwefacedifficulties,weshouldnevergiveup.Justasasayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”36.WhereisMsYangfrom?______________________________________________________37.HowlongisthehistoryofXiangembroidery?______________________________________________________38.HowdoesMsYanghelppeople?______________________________________________________39.DoyouwanttolearnXiangembroiderythissummerholiday?Whyorwhynot?______________________________________________________40.将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。______________________________________________________【答案】36.SheisfromasmallvillageinHunan,China.37.Ithasahistoryofover2,000years.38.Shehelpspeoplebyofferingfreelessons.39.Yes,Ido.BecauselearningXiangembroiderycouldbeagreatwaytoappreciatetraditionalChineseartandculture.40.当我们面对困难时，我们永远不应该放弃。【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了杨女士和湘绣之间的故事。【36题详解】根据“...saidMsYang,a35-year-oldwomanfromasmallvillageinHunan.”可知，杨女士来自中国湖南省一个小村庄。故填SheisfromasmallvillageinHunan,China.【37题详解】根据“Xiangembroideryhasahistoryofover2,000years.”可知，湘绣有着两千多年的历史。故填Ithasahistoryofover2,000years.【38题详解】根据“Byofferingfreelessons,MsYanghelpslotsofpeople,includingmanydisabledones.”可知，她通过提供免费课程帮助了许多人。故填Shehelpspeoplebyofferingfreelessons.【39题详解】根据题目要求可知，本题应回答是否想要在暑假学习湘绣以及原因，可回答：我想学习刺绣，因为学习湘绣是欣赏中国传统艺术和文化的好方法。故填Yes,Ido.BecauselearningXiangembroiderycouldbeagreatwaytoappreciatetraditionalChineseartandculture.【40题详解】分析划线句子可知，本句为when“在……时候”引导的时间状语从句；we“我们”作从句主语；face“面对”为谓语动词；difficulties“困难”作宾语；情态动词should表示“应该”；never“绝不”；动词短语giveup表示“放弃”。故填：当我们面对困难时，我们永远不应该放