北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语检测试题（附答案）

北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语检测试题本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共三节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheRedCrossbuspulledintoourschoolparkinglot,welcomingstudentsovertheageofeighteento1blood.Honestly,mostwereattractedbythepromiseoffreecookiesandjuice.Teacherswerealsoencouragedtoparticipate.Afterwatchingaheartwarmingvideo,manyofus2togiveblood,myselfincluded.Thenursehadjustremovedtheneedlefrommyarmwhenthebellrangforthenextlesson.IclimbedthethreeflightsofstairstomyclassroomandbythetimeIopenedthedoorformystudents,Ifeltslightly3,asifwalkingonclouds.Fortherestofthatafternoon,Ievenfeltsicktomystomach,soImadeamentalnotetoleavesuch4forafter-schoolhours.5,theideaslippedmymindasIgrewbusywithotherresponsibilities.Nevertheless,perception(看法)always6withexperience.Earlyinmycancertreatment,Iexperiencedpainfulchemotherapy(化疗).Thebloodtransfusionsbreathednewlifeintome.Then,I7,foreachbloodproductdonated,therewasaliving,breathingrecipient,justlikeme.Watchingtheliquidentermybody,Iwas8bythefactthatplatelets(血小板)arebrightyellow,likethesun.Itistrulyamazingthatapartofonepersoncansavethelifeofanother.Iam9tothestranger,whosekindnesshasallowedmetoregeneratemyweakenedbodyandlivetofightanotherday.TheGreekshaveseveralwordstodefinelove.Themostpowerfulisagape,whichmeans“lovewithaction,”particularlywhenitisconcernedwiththegreater10ofanother.Andtomany,includingme,that’sexactlywhatblooddonationhasbeen.1．A．draw B．test C．collect D．donate2．A．refused B．hesitated C．pretended D．volunteered3．A．dizzy B．afraid C．down D．ashamed4．A．rights B．opinions C．adventures D．judgements5．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Moreover6．A．appears B．changes C．declines D．remains7．A．denied B．imagined C．recalled D．realised8．A．puzzled B．amused C．fascinated D．embarrassed9．A．open B．polite C．grateful D．generous10．A．mercy B．good C．success D．effort第二节选词填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。reliable factor deserve appealto gothroughfigureout havenointentionof beinvolvedin intermsof heartandsoul11．Ican’t_____________howmuchthetripwillcost.12．Itiswrongtojudgehappinessjust_____________success.13．Ithinkwe_____________agoodrestafterallthathardwork.14．Heworked_____________forhiscountrythroughouthislife.15．Whenyou_____________acrisis,itoftenhelpstotalktosomeone.16．Mostpeoplenow_____________stayingatonejobforthewholelife.17．Itwasahugeprojectandover20softwarecompanies_____________it.18．Studieshaveestablishedthatsmokingisarisk_____________forcancer.19．Theinnovativesmartphonedesign_____________allagesandsocialgroups.20．Companiesalwaysappreciatea_____________personwhotheycantrusttodothejob.（请务必将第11至20题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）第三节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。21．Heissucha______(curiosity)boy,alwaysaskingquestions.22．Scientists______(learn)alotaboutthebraininthelastdecade.23．Shewasquitedisappointedtofindthatthey______(leave)already.24．Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand______(correct)them.25．Simplegymequipment,______(use)correctly,canimprovefitnesslevels.26．An______(accuracy)descriptionoftheproblemisthefirststepinsolvingit.27．She______(practise)thepianosincebreakfast,andherfingersarestartingtoache.28．Itsuptoyou______(decide)whatyoucandoandhowwellyoucandoitinyourcareer.29．Inthe1950s,anattempt______(make)toprove“SixDegreesofSeparation”mathematically.30．Thechildrenstartedplayingwithwaterballoons______(turn)thebackyardintoawetandwildbattlefield.（请务必将第21至30题的答案写在答题卡指定区域内）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’realoverofliteratureandwanttostudyitfurther,Harvard’sonlinecoursesareagreatoption!AbouttheCoursesTheAncientGreekHeroexploreswhatitmeanstobehumantodaybystudyingwhatitmeanttobeaheroinancientGreektimes.Toachievethis,learnerswillexperience,inEnglishtranslation,someancientGreekliteraturefromthe8thcenturyBCtothe3rdcenturyAD.NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTanglooksathownoblefamiliesandtheircultureandliteraturecontributedtothereunification(重新统一)ofChinaundertheTangDynasty.You’llalsolearnhowtocomposeandanalyzepoetryandcalligraphy.Shakespeare’sLifeandWorkexploresrelationshipsbetweenShakespeare’sworldandpresentday.Throughshortvideosandreadings,youwillseehowthemeaningofaworkofartchangesdependingonthetime,context,andculture.MasterpiecesofWorldLiteraturerevealshowgreatwritersreflectontheirworldandhowtheirworksarechangedintoday’sglobalculture.Ithelpsusunderstandthedeeprootsoftoday’sinterconnectedglobalculture.WaystoTaketheCoursesWhenyousignupforthesecourses,youwillhavetheoptionofauditing(旁听)thecourseorpursuinganofficialcertificate.Intheauditingtrack,learningisfreeandself-pacedwithin18weeks.Learnershaveaccesstopartofourcourseresources.Besides,coursevideosandhandoutsarenotavailablefordownloading.Pleasenotethatthistrackdoesnotofferanofficialcertificate.Alternatively,learnerscanpay$299topursueanofficialcertificate,whichoffersunlimitedaccesstocourseresourceswithinayear.Attheendofthecourse,learnerswhoearnapassinggradecanreceiveacertificate.Ifyou’reinterestedandwanttolearnmore,clickhere:31．Ifyouwanttoknowhowtoanalyzepoetry,youcanchoose______.A．TheAncientGreekHero B．Shakespeare’sLifeandWorkC．MasterpiecesofWorldLiterature D．NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang32．Intheauditingtrack,youcan______.A．determinethelearningpace B．accesshandoutsforafeeC．earnanofficialcertificate D．downloadcoursevideos33．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Toadvertiseonlinecourses. B．Toexploretherootsofhumanity.C．Tocomparedifferentcultures. D．Tohighlightthevalueofliterature.BItturnsoutpatienceisn’talwaysavirtue.BythetimeNalinKamatwas13,theTorontoteenhadbeenwellonhiswaytobecomingaworkingartist.Hehadalreadyhadhisfirstshowatalocalartscentre.Yethewantedmore—specificallytostartshowinghisworksinajuriedexhibition,whereartexpertswouldevaluateandselectpiecesinacompetitivereviewprocess,ensuringthatonlythemostoutstandingworksareincludedintheexhibition.That’swhenheranintoaproblem,discoveringintheverylastlineofamultiapplicationthattheminimumageforsubmissionwas18.Thatrejectionbecameafuelforcreation.“Asyoungartists,wedon’tgetasmuchcreditasIthinkwedeserve,andwealsodon’tgetmanyopportunitiestoshowcasetheamountofworkweputintotheart.Ithoughtit’dbereallycoolifIcouldprovidetheopportunityformoreyoungartists,”saysNalin,now15.Withthesupportofhisparents,inJanuary2023,NalinfoundedLittleEGGGallery,acommercialstudioonlyforunderageartists.Thegallery,whichisnowprofitableenough,chargesasmallfeeforanydisplayedworkandtakesa15percentservicefeeonsales.Inturn,LittleEGGGalleryhelpspromoteyoungtalentsbyshowcasingtheirworks.Notlongafteropening,DavidGriffin,aprofessorandartistfromOntarioCollegeofArtandDesignUniversity,happenedtocomeacrossthegallerywhilewalkingwithhiswifeintheirneighbourhood.UponmeetingNalin,Griffinsaysheunderstoodthathewasspeakingwithsomeonespecial,“astrongyoungartistwithareallyexcellentidea,whichwastocreateaceforshowingthelocalcommunitytheeasy,naturalgeniusofyoungpeople.”Aconnectionwasformed,andNalinaskedGriffintohelpjudgeanupcomingcompetition.Thefirstjuriedshowwaslastspring,andthetopthreewinnerseachreceiveda$50cashprize.Five-year-oldJackGamblewonforhisabstractpaintingtitledPokemon.GivenhowbusyNaliniswithschoollifeandhisownart,LittleEGGGalleryismostlyopenbyappointmentonly,buthe’sstilldevotedtogrowingthegallerywithseasonalandthemedshowsscheduledafewtimesayear.Nalinbelievesthatyoungartistsarefreetobemorecreative.InaninterviewwithCBCKidsNews,hesaid,“Ithinkwhenyou’reyounger,youhavemorecreativity.Youseebeautyinmorethingsandwhenyougetolder,itkindofstops.Idon’twanttoseeanyonepreventedfromcreatingtheirart.34．Accordingtothepassage,thejuriedexhibition______.A．favoursworksofartexperts B．chargesasmallfeeforentriesC．setsnoagelimitforsubmission D．displaysprofessionallyselectedworks35．HowdidNalinKamatfeelafterbeingrejected?A．Anxious. B．Motivated. C．Regretful. D．Confused.36．WhydidNalinKamatfoundLittleEGGGallery?A．Toworkwithotheryoungartists. B．Tomeethisparents’expectations.C．Toofferunderageartistsaplatform. D．Toholdanexhibitionofhisownworks.37．WhatcanwelearnfromNalinKamat’sstory?A．Wisdomarisesfromexperience. B．Everythingcomestothosewhowait.C．Luckmatterstoone’scareersuccess. D．Innovativethoughtsincreaseone’schances.CMostpeoplewilllearnoneortwolanguagesintheirlives,butVaughnSmithspeaks24languages,ahyperpolyglot—arareindividualwhospeaksmorethan10languages.However,scientistshavelargelyignoredwhat’sgoingoninsidethebrainsofpolyglots—peoplewhospeakmorethanfivelanguages—saysEvelinaFedorenko,acognitive(认知的)neuroscientistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Sheadds,”That’spartlybecausetheyaccountforonly1%ofpeopleglobally,makingitdifficulttofindenoughparticipantsforresearch.“InanewstudyledbyFedorenko,researcherslookedinsidethemindsofpolyglotslikeSmithtorevealhowlanguage-specificregionsintheirbrainsrespondtohearingdifferentlanguages.“Thisstudywillcontributetoourunderstandingofhowourbrainlearnslanguages,”shesays.Togaininsightsintohowpolyglotsprocessfiveormorelanguages,Fedorenko’steamscannedthebrainsof25polyglots.Theyusedabrainimagingtechniquecalledfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),whichmeasuresbloodflowinthebrain,tomapouttheselanguagenetworks.InsidethefMRImachine,thepolyglotslistenedtoaseriesof16-second-longrecordingsinoneofeightdifferentlanguages.Theeightlanguagesincludedeachparticipant’snativelanguage,threeotherstheylearnedlaterinlife,andfourunfamiliarlanguages.Twooftheunfamiliarlanguageswerecloselyrelatedtotheparticipant’snativelanguage—forinstance,nishforanativeItalianspeaker.Theothertwounfamiliarlanguagescamefromunrelatedlanguagefamilies.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenparticipantsheardanyoftheeightlanguages,bloodalwaysrushedtothesamebrainregions.Inotherwords,theparticipants’brainsappearedtousethesamebasicnetworkasmonolinguals(单语言者)totrytounderstandthesounds,regardlessofwhichlanguagetheyheard.Moreover,theactivityinthebrain’slanguagenetworkschangedbasedonhowwellparticipantsunderstoodalanguage.Themorefamiliarthelanguage,thelargertheresponse.Brainactivityparticularlywasinvigoratedwhenparticipantsheardunfamiliarlanguagesthatwerecloselyrelatedtoonestheyknewwell.Thismighthavehappenedasbrainareasworkedovertimetopuzzleoutthemeaningsbasedonsimilaritiesbetweenthelanguages.Therewasoneexceptiontotherule:Whenparticipantsheardtheirnativetongue,theirlanguagenetworkswereactuallyquieterthanwhentheyheardotherfamiliarlanguages.Thistrendheldevenwhenparticipantswerefluentintheirotherfamiliarlanguages.Thatcouldbesobecauseexpertisereducestheamountofbrainpowerneededforatask,theresearchersnote.Whilethisstudycastslightonmultilinguists’brainactivity,therearestillunansweredquestions.Notably,futureresearchhopestostudypeoplewholearnedmultiplelanguagesfrominfancy(婴儿期).Nevertheless,“thisstudycouldonedayleadtobettertoolstohelppeoplerelearnlanguagesmoreeasilyafterastrokeorbraindamage.”Fedorenkosays.38．Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Topresentalatestbraintheory. B．Tostressthesignificanceofthestudy.C．Toexplaintheresearchmethod. D．Toprovidethedefinitionsoftwoterms.39．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thebrainprocessesnativelanguageswithmucheffort.B．Bloodflowinthebrainisunrelatedtolanguagefamiliarity.C．Thebrainusesthesameareastoprocessmultiplelanguages.D．Effectivetreatmentsforlanguagedisordershavebeendiscovered.40．Whatdoestheword“invigorated”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Evaluated. B．Activated. C．Affected. D．Reduced.41．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ImpactofLanguageFamiliarityonBrainB．ChallengesinStudyingLanguageGeniusesC．SecretsofLanguageProcessinginPolyglotsD．EdgeoffMRIinRevealingLanguageProcessingDAthemeatthisyear’sWorldEconomicForum(WEF)meetinginSwitzerlandwastheperceivedneedto“speedupbreakthroughsinresearchandtechnology”Someofthisframingwasmotivatedbytheclimateemergency;somebytheopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbygenerativeartificialintelligence(AI).Invariousconversations,itseemstobetakenforgrantedthattoaddresstheworld’sproblems,scientificresearchneedstomovefasterandbreakthings.Butwhatifthethingbeingbrokenisscience?Orpublictrust?Inrecentyears,we’veseenimportantpaperswrittenbywell-knownscientistsandpublishedininfluentialjournalswereretracted(召回)becauseofquestionabledataormethods.Inonenotablecase,FrancesH.Arnold,whosharedthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistry,voluntarilyretractedapaperwhenherlabwasunabletoreplicate(复制)herresults—butafterthepaperhadbeenpublished.Inanopenapology,shestatedthatshewas“abitbusy”whenthepaperwassubmittedand“didnotdomyjobwell”.Arnold’shonestyisadmirable,butitraisesaquestion;ArescholarsatsupercompetitiveplacessuchasHarvard,StanfordandYalerushingtopublishratherthantakingthetimetodotheirworkright?It’simpossibletoanswerthisquestionscientificallybecausethere’snoscientificdefinitionof“rushing”.Butthere’slittledoubtthatweliveinaculturewhereacademicsatleadinguniversitiesareunderenormouspressuretoproduceresults—andalotofthem—quickly.Formalresearchassessmentshaveforyearsjudgedacademicdepartmentslargelyontheoutputquantity.Theexistingsystemhasledtoreducedmotivationforexcellenceandinnovationinacademicresearch.Arecentreformbyacademicswithinthefieldhasurgedforqualityoverquantity.Goodsciencetakestime.Morethan50yearspassedbetweenthe1543publicationofCopernicus’smagnumopus(天体运行论),andthebroadscientificacceptanceoftheheliocentricmodeloftheuniverse.NearlyacenturypassedbetweenbiochemistFriedrichMiescher’sidentificationoftheDNAandtheclarificationofitsdouble-helixstructureinthe1950s.AndittookjustabouthalfacenturyforgeologistsandgeophysiciststoacceptgeophysicistAlfredWegener’sideaofcontinentalmovement.Scientistsandotherscholarsarepushingresultsoutfarfasterthantheyusedto.Considerthevolumeofacademicpapersbeingpublishedthesedays.Onerecentstudyputthenumberatoversevenmillionayear,comparedwithfewerthanamillionasrecentlyas1980.Anotherstudyfound265academicauthors—twothirdsofwhomwereinthemedicalandlifesciences—whopublishedapapereveryfivedaysonaverage.Someofthisgrowthisdrivenbymorescientistsandmoreco-authorshipofpapers,butthenumbersalsosuggestthattheresearchworldhasprioritizedquantityoverquality.Researchersmayneedtoslowdown—notspeedup—ifwearetoproducetrustworthyknowledge.42．TheauthorgivesanexampleofFrancesH.Arnoldtoshowthat______.A．academicfieldsvaluehonesty B．scientistslacktimeforresearchC．scholarstendtopublishpapersinahurry D．laboratoriesfailtoreplicatescientificresults43．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．AIandclimateissuesblockresearchprogress.B．Defining“rushing”boostsacademicproductivity.C．IdentifyingDNAiseasierthanclarifyingitsstructure.D．Scholarshaveacknowledgedtheproblemwithacademicevaluation.44．Accordingtothepassage,whatistheauthor’sopiniononscientificresearch?A．Researchcredibilityisatoppriorityinscience.B．Morepublicationsenhanceresearchers’reputation.C．Studiesinmedicalandlifesciencesaresatisfactory.D．Co-authorshipneedstobecancelledforreliableresearch.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouareaskedtodescribeyourrelationshipwithyourphone,whatwouldyousay?45Forthoseofuswhousedigitaltechnologywithregularity,wewillunavoidablythinkwehaveoverdoneit.Butarewereallyaddictedtoourscreens?Forthevastmajorityofusers,theanswerisnobecausethere’snoformalsetofcriteriafordigitaladdiction.46Thistestwasgiventoaround800people,usingcriteriapreviouslyadoptedinmanyotherstudies.Theteamfoundthat69%oftheparticipantscouldbediagnosedwithanaddictiontospendingtimewiththeirfriends.47Instead,theteamwasshowinghoweasyitistocreatewhatappearstobeadata-drivenmeasureofanaddictivebehavior,whichactuallyisanormalpartofeverydaylife.Theideaofbeingaddictedtoofflinefriendshipsisridiculous,butthatiswhatishappeninginthedigitaltechnologyresearchliterature.Wearestuckwithresearcherscombiningpeople’senjoymentofanactivitywiththeideathatithasthepotentialtobecomeaddictive.48Itistruethatwecandevelopbadrelationshipswiththetechnologyweuse,butanemerginglineofresearchsaysweneedtoviewourrelationshipswithdigitaltechnologyintermsofhabits,notintermsofproblematicuse.49Whethertheyhavepositiveornegativeeffectsonourwell-beingdependsnotjustonthetypeofhabit,butonthecontextinwhichitoccurs,howfrequentlyitoccursandwhatotherfactorsmightbecontributingtoit.Thinkingaboutourtechnologyuseintermsofhabitoffersusamuchwiderrangeofoptions.Ratherthangettingridoftechnologyaltogether,wecanseekourdigitalexperiencethatpromotepositiveeffectswhileminimizingnegativeimpacts.A．Manyofusarelikelytodevelopbadhabits.B．Habits,likecheckingourphones,areneutral.C．Formany,theword“addicted”wouldspringtomind.D．Thisleadsultimatelytothebeliefthattheactivityisnaturallybad.E．Obviously,theaimwasn’ttofuelanewmoralpanicaboutsocializing.F．Arecentstudyhasrevealedevidencethatshowspositiveeffectsofdigitaluse.G．Backin2020,ateamusedstandardtechniquestodoanoffline-friendaddictionquestionnaire.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第50、51题各2分，第52题3分，第53题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。SurveydatashowthatAmericancustomerstodayaremorethantwiceaslikelytocomplainaboutaproductorserviceastheywerein1976.Peoplearegrumbling(抱怨)moreatworktoo.NearlyathirdofemployersinoneUK-basedsurveywitnessedanincreaseinemployeecomplaintsoveratwo-yearperiod.Ofcourse,youcanalwaysfindsomethingtocomplainabout.Butifyoudosohabitually,thatisprobablyhurtingyou,makingothersfeeldown,andmakingyoualessattractivepersontobearound.Soyoumightwanttoresistthetrendtowardacultureofcomplaint.Sometimes,complainingis“instrumental,”designedtogainredress(补偿)fordispleasure,suchaspoorserviceorannoyingbehaviourfromafamilymember.Complainingcanalsobe“chronic,”astateofdissatisfactioninwhichgrumblersconstantlythinkabouttheirmiseryandrefusetobecomforted.Moretypically,however,complainingissimplytoletoutdispleasureorobtainsympathy.Theproblemwithcomplainingisthateventhoughitcanfeeltherapeutic(有疗效的),ittypicallyisn’t.Althoughcomplainingmightoffertemporaryrelief,it’sbadforyourhappinessinthelongrun.Scholarshaveshownthatpeoplewhosharenegativeemotionsonsocialmediaexperiencelowerlevelsofwellbeing.Complainingcanalsolowerthehappinessofthepeoplearoundyou.Researchersshowedthatsimplyhearinganother’scomplaintlowersone’smood.Evenworse,insomerelationships,thenegativeeffectcanpasslikeavirustothoseexposed.Let’sassume,however,thatyourlivelihooddoesnotrelyonspreadingmisery.Muchmorelikelyisthatitwillbeinyourinterest,ifyouhaveacomplaininghabit,tobreakit.Thepeopleyoucareaboutwillbehappiertoo.50．Whatisthepurposeof“instrumental”complaining?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________51．Whatarethenegativeeffectsofcomplaining?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________52．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________➤“Chronic”complainingisastateofdissatisfactioninwhichgrumblersconstantlythinkabouttheirmiseryandtrytoobtainsympathy.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________53．Insteadofcomplaining,howwouldyoudealwithdissatisfactioninlife?(Inabout40words)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校国际部即将举办“校园科技节”，现正在全校招募英语志愿者。请你用英语给活动负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：1．阐述申请理由；2．介绍个人优势。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：ScienceandTechnologyFestivalDearSir/Madam,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________