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电力专业英语(11)Powersystemrelayprotection参考教材:朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社,2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.Relaysarethelogicelementsofaprotectionsystemwhichsensethefaultandcausethecircuit-breakertripcircuitstobeenergizedandthebreakerstoopentheircontacts.尝试翻译1.Relaysarethelogicelementsofaprotectionsystemwhichsensethefaultandcausethecircuit-breakertripcircuitstobeenergizedandthebreakerstoopentheircontacts.生词n.
跳闸,解扣,松开(弹簧)trip
翻译继电器是保护系统的逻辑元件,它感知故障,并使断路器解扣电路带电和断路器打开触点。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明由which引导的定语从句修饰的主体为thelogicelements而不是aprotectionsystem。定语从句有两个并列的谓语动词sense和cause,第一个and就是连接这两个动词短语的。而cause又带有两个并列的宾补结构,中间也是用and连接。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Arelayusedforprotectionshouldmakeitsdecisionasquicklyaspossible,consistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit.尝试翻译2.Arelayusedforprotectionshouldmakeitsdecisionasquicklyaspossible,consistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit.生词adj.一致的;与…一致的consistent
翻译在与其它外加要求相容的条件下,用于保护的继电器应该尽可能快的做出决定。朱永强zyq@BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明词组asquicklyaspossible表示“尽可能的快”。consistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit是条件状语从句省略为短语,可补全为:undertheconditionthatitisconsistentwithotherrequirementsplaceduponit.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Therelayshouldoperateconsistentlyforallthefaultsforwhichitisdesignedtooperate,andshouldrefrainfromoperatingforanyothersystemcondition.尝试翻译3.Therelayshouldoperateconsistentlyforallthefaultsforwhichitisdesignedtooperate,andshouldrefrainfromoperatingforanyothersystemcondition.生词v.避免;克制refrain翻译继电器应该始终在按其设计应该动作的所有故障下动作,并且对于任何其它的系统条件避免动作。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明定语从句forwhichitisdesignedtooperate修饰的主体是faults,其句式和含义与that引导的宾语从句基本相同,只是在作定语从句时,将operate后面的for提到了引导词which之前。为了便于理解,这个句子可以拆解为:Reliabilitymeansthattherelayshouldoperateconsistentlyforallthosefaults;therelayisdesignedtooperateforthosefaults;therelayshouldrefrainfromoperatingforanyothersystemcondition.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Back-upprotectionasthenameimpliesisacompletelyseparatearrangementwhichoperatestoremovethefaultypartshouldbemainprotectionfailtooperate.尝试翻译4.Back-upprotectionasthenameimpliesisacompletelyseparatearrangementwhichoperatestoremovethefaultypartshouldbemainprotectionfailtooperate.生词v.意味着;暗示imply翻译顾名思义,后备保护是完全的独立安排,一旦主保护未能动作时由它动作去切除故障部分。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明shouldbe部分是虚拟语气的用法,表示假设的情况。词组asthenameimplies表示“正如名字所暗示的,顾名思义”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.Thejobofeachofthesesubsystemscanbestbeunderstoodbydescribingtheeventsthattakeplacefromthetimeofoccurrenceofafaulttoitseventualeliminationfromthepowersystem.尝试翻译5.Thejobofeachofthesesubsystemscanbestbeunderstoodbydescribingtheeventsthattakeplacefromthetimeofoccurrenceofafaulttoitseventualeliminationfromthepowersystem.生词n.消除;消灭elimination翻译每一个子系统的任务,可以通过故障发生时刻到它最终被从电力系统中清除期间所发生的事件来最好地理解。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明句中出现了四个of和两个from,这样多的介词连续出现,在翻译时要格外注意句子的通顺。在that引导的定语从句中,fromthetime…to…作为takeplace的状语,说明“发生”的时间范围。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Troublemayariseduetothemagnetizingcurrentinrushonswitchingoperatingtherelay,andoftenrestrainingcoilssensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrentareincorporatedintherelays.尝试翻译6.Troublemayariseduetothemagnetizingcurrentinrushonswitchingoperatingtherelay,andoftenrestrainingcoilssensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrentareincorporatedintherelays.生词n.
泛音;和声harmonic
adj.
和声的翻译由于励磁电流涌入,在操作继电器的开关问题上会出现麻烦,往往把对电流的三次谐波分量敏感的遏制线圈集成到继电器中。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明dueto引导的状语短语,在翻译时应提前。onswitching是trouble的定语,而switching本身带有一个分词短语形式的定语operatingtherelay。sensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrent是restrainingcoils的定语。为了便于理解,这个句子可以拆解为:Duetothemagnetizinginrushcurrent,troublemayarise;troubleisonswitching;theswitchingoperatestherelay;andoftenrestrainingcoilsareincorporatedintherelays;therestrainingcoilsaresensitivetothirdharmoniccomponentsofthecurrent.本课程参考教材:朱永强《电力专业英语阅读与翻译》机械工业出版社2024-06电力专业英语(12)InsulationandGrounding参考教材:朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社,2024-06BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.尝试翻译1.However,insulationdoesconductsomecurrentandsomustberegardedasamaterialofveryhighresistivity.生词n.
电阻系数,电阻率resistivity
翻译然而,绝缘部分确实传导一些电流,因此必须被认为是一种具有很高电阻率的材料。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明句中does表示强调,可译为“确实”。and连接的两个谓语动词does和must共属一个主语insulation。so在此作为副词使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.尝试翻译2.Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandtolargemechanicalforces.生词v.使臣服;使顺从subject翻译变压器的绝缘承受很高的静电应力和很大的机械压力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明谓语表意动词subject带有两个并列的介宾短语,也可以看作是两个并列动词短语的省略形式,补全应为:Thetransformerinsulationissubjectedtohighelectricstressandissubjectedtolargemechanicalforces.。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.尝试翻译3.Porcelainischosenbecauseofitsresistancetodeteriorationwhenexposedtotheweather,itshighdielectricstrength,anditsabilitytowashcleaninrain.生词n.
电介质强度,绝缘强度dielectricstrength
翻译选择陶瓷是因为它暴露在气象条件中时的抗老化能力、绝缘强度大以及雨中的清洗保洁能力。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明becauseof带有三个并列的以its开头的宾语,在翻译时为了避免重复,这三个its不必都翻译。when引导的时间状语从句修饰的主体是itsresistancetodeterioration。另外,按照中文表述习惯,形如itshighdielectricstrength的短语常常译为主谓结构,即按itsdielectricstrengthishigh来翻译。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.尝试翻译4.Althoughinsulatingmaterialsareverystableunderordinarycircumstances,theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristicsunderextremeconditionsofvoltagestressortemperatureorundertheactionofcertainchemicals.生词n.
环境;条件;状况;境况;dielectricstrength
翻译虽然在平常情况下绝缘材料很稳定,但在极端的电压应力或温度条件下,或者在某些化学作用下,其特性会完全改变。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明theymaychangeradicallyincharacteristics部分相当于theircharacteristicsmaychangeradically,而且按照后者翻译,往往更符合中文表示习惯。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.尝试翻译5.Insulationcoordinationisthecorrelationofinsulationofelectricalequipmentwiththecharacteristicsofprotectivedevicessuchthattheinsulationisprotectedfromexcessiveovervoltages.生词n.
协调;配合;协作;coordination翻译绝缘配合是电气设备绝缘与保护装置特性的相互关系,为的是保护绝缘免受过度的过电压。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明thecorrelationof…with…表示“…和…的相互关系”。suchthat在这里引导一个表示目的从句。词组beprotectedfrom表示“保护,使免受”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.尝试翻译6.Aslaboratorytechniquesimproved,sothatdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults,aninternationaljointcommittee,theNema-NelaCommitteeonInsulationCoordination,wasformedandwaschargedwiththetaskofestablishinginsulationstrengthofallclassesofequipmentandtoestablishlevelsforvariousvoltageclassification.生词adj.联合的;共同的jointBasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem翻译随着实验室技术的改进,因而不同实验室的结果近似一致,关于绝缘配合的Nema-Nela委员会成立并负责为所有种类设备确定绝缘强度,为各种电压分级确定水平。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明differentlaboratorieswereincloseragreementontestresults相当于testresultsofdifferentlaboratorieswereincloseragreement,而且按照后者的语序进行翻译,似乎更符合中文表述习惯。其中incloseragreementon表示“在…方面近似一致”。bechargedwiththetaskof相当于bechargedin,表示“承担…任务,负责…”。其中task带有两个修饰短语,分别是动名词形式establishing…和动词不定式形式toestablish。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.尝试翻译7.Above300kV,testsincludeinadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,theuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.生词n.推动作用,冲力作用impulse翻译300kV以上,除了雷电脉冲和1分钟工频试验之外,试验还包括开关脉冲电压的使用。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明inadditionto表示“除了……之外”,引导一个状语短语,在翻译时应提前。为了便于理解,这个句子可以拆解为:Above300kV,inadditiontolightningimpulseandthe1-minutepowerfrequencytests,testsincludetheuseofswitchingimpulsevoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.尝试翻译8.Impulsetestvoltagesareusuallyreferredtoasthe“BasicInsulationLevels”,definedastheimpulsevoltagewhichtheinsulationofanyelectricalequipmentforagivenratedvoltagemustbeabletowithstand,alsocommonlyknownas“ImpulseWithstandLevel”.v.
承受;经受住;顶住;withstand翻译脉冲试验电压通常被称为“基本绝缘水平”,定义为给定电压等级下的任何电气设备都必能承受的脉冲电压,也通常称为“脉冲耐受水平”。生词BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明bereferredtoas表示“作为…被提及”,beknownas表示“作为…被知晓”,为了翻译通顺,二者均可译为“被称为”。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.尝试翻译9.Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages,inparticularswitchingovervoltages,makeitnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltagesinordertodeterminewithsomedegreeofconfidencethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystem.n.
统计特性;statisticalnature翻译过电压(尤其是开关过电压)的统计特性,有必要计算大量的过电压,以有一定信心确定系统的统计过电压。生词BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明inparticular表示“尤其,特别”,makeitnecessary表示“使…有必要”,为了翻译通顺,可简译为“有必要…”。其中it代指necessary后面的内容,以同位语的形式出现。withsomedegreeofconfidence表示“带有某种程度的信心”,是状语短语,翻译时可以从所修饰的动词后面移走,一般应提前。为了便于理解,该句子可以拆解为:Thestatisticalnatureofovervoltages(inparticularswitchingovervoltages)makeitnecessary;inordertodeterminethestatisticalovervoltagesonasystemwithsomedegreeofconfidence,itisnecessarytocomputealargenumberofovervoltages.BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.尝试翻译10.Thedielectricstrengthsofexternalself-restoringinsulationsaredeterminedthroughtestscarriedoutinlaboratoriesandthedatathatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdownisgovernedbystatisticallawsandhasarandomcharacter;furthermore,itisfoundthatthedistributionofbreakdownsforagivengapfollowswithsomeexceptionsapproximatelynormalorGaussiandistribution,asdoesthedistributionofovervoltagesonthesystem.n.
击穿breakdown生词normaldistributionGaussiandistributionn.
正态分布n.
高斯分布BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem说明短语thatthedevelopmentofelectricalbreakdown的作用相当于一个同位语从句,与thedata所指相同。withsomeexceptions是状语短语,意思是“具有某些例外”,在翻译时可以从动词后移走,一般应提前。以asdoes为引导的部分为一个倒装句。翻译外部自恢复绝缘体的电介质强度通过实验室进行的试验来确定,电气击穿的数据按统计规律控制,具有随机性。此外,还发现对于给定的气隙而言,击穿的分布除了个别例外近似遵循正态分布或高斯分布,系统中的过电压分布也是这样。BasicConceptsofElectricPowerSystem11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuitorequipmentisconnectedtotheearth,ortosomeconductingbodyofrelativelylargeextentthatservesinplaceoftheearth.尝试翻译11.Groundingisdefinedasaconductingconnection,whetherintentionaloraccidental,bywhichanelectriccircuit
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