闽粤皖京甘豫2024届高考英语一轮复习练习必修第一册Unit1LifeChoices一北师大版

必修第一册UNIT1LIFECHOICES(一)高考题型组合练(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·山东青岛联考)Itwaslate，about10∶15p．m.JaniceEspositogotoffthetrainatBellport，NewYork，wenttohercarandstarteddrivinghome.Shewassofamiliarwiththeroutethatshealmostdroveautomatically：turnedlefttotheStationRoad，thenanotherleftontoMontaukHighway，andthen—bam!WhenEsposito’scarhadjustcrossedtherailroadtracks，itbumpedintoanothervehicleandwaspushedbackontothetracks.Injuredbutmostlyshockedbythecrashandbytheairbagsthatpoppedup，shewasstuckinthevehicle.Asithappened，PeteDiPintowasjustabouttogotosleepwhenheheardasharpnoiseandsawtheaccidentnotfaroutsidehisbedroomwindow.Asavolunteerfirefighterandretiredteacher，DiPinto，whowas65，fetchedaflashlightandrushedoutwithouthesitation.“AnyfirefighterwouldhavedonewhatIdid，”hesaid.“We’realwaysonduty.”Atfirst，hespottedtheothercarintheaccident.Aftermakingsurethatthedriverwasallright，DiPintolookedaroundanddiscoveredEsposito’scarstraddling(横跨)therailwaytracks.Andthenheheardthebellring，whichsignaledatrain’sarrival.DiPintorushedtoEsposito’scarandbrokethewindowonthedriver’sside.Espositolookedupathim，withhereyesglazingover.“Idon’tknowwhereIam，”shesaid.“You’reontherailroadtracks，”DiPintoyelled.“Ihavetogetyouoffrightnow！”Thetrainwasrunningtowardthemataspeedofsome105kilometersperhour.Thedriver’sdoorfailedtobeopenedduetothecollision(碰撞)，soDiPintoquicklyrantotheothersideandwasabletoopenthedoor.Heputtheairbagsaside，seizedherarms，pulledhertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilfinallygotheroutandwalkedhertosafetyasswiftlyaspossible.Severalsecondslater，thetraincrashedintothevehicle.“ItwaslikeaHollywoodmovie，”DiPintotoldreportersthenextday.“Lastnight，”saidGregoryMiglinoJr.，ChiefoftheDepartmentinSouthCountryAmbulance，“theheroarrivedinpajamas(睡衣裤)，notinafiretruck.”1．Whatcanweknowabouttheaccidentfromparagraph1?A．Esposito’scarhitanothervehicle.B．Espositodrovetoofast.C．Espositodidn’tknowtheroutewell.D．ArunningtraincrashedintoEsposito’scar.2．HowwasJaniceEspositorightaftertheaccident?A．Shefeltallright.B．Shewasbadlyhurt.C．Shegottrappedinthecar.D．Shecompletelylostherconsciousness.3．HowwasJaniceEspositorescuedfromhercar?A．Throughthewindowonthedriver’sside.B．Throughthedooronthedriver’sside.C．Throughthewindowonthepassenger’sside.D．Throughthedooronthepassenger’sside.4．WhatdidGregoryMiglinoJr.meanbysaying“theheroarrivedinpajamas(睡衣裤)，notinafiretruck”？A．DiPintowasnotaprofessionalfirefighter.B．DiPintorushedtosavelifewithoutthinkingabouthimself.C．DiPintowasaspecialfirefighterwhopreferredwearingpajamas.D．DiPintowasunabletofindafiretruckwhentheaccidenthappened.BFormorethanadecade，ateamofresearchershavestudiedthedynamicsoftheGreenlandIceSheetasitrespondstoawarmingclimate.Butwhilemuchoftheirfocushasbeenonwater’simpactsonicesheetchange，theirmostrecentresearchfindingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.Meierbachtol，HarperandtheirteamdiscoveredthatchangesintheicesheethavearealimpactonthemassivegroundwatersystemunderlyingGreenland.Thislatestdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrillingtechniques.Internationalcooperatorsmadeanangledhole650metersthroughbedrockunderneathaGreenlandglacier(冰川)tomeasuregroundwaterconditionsundertheice.Meanwhile，researchersdrilled32holesfromatoptheglacier，throughnearlyakilometerofice，tomeasurewaterconditionsattheareabetweeniceandbedrock，whichformsanimportantboundarycontrollinggroundwaterflowbelow.Afterdrilling，theteamfixedsensorsintheicecolumnandattheicesheetbedtomeasureicedynamicsandwaterconditionsaswaterflowsundertheice.“Bystudyingareascoveredbyice10,000yearsago，wehaveknownthatthehugemassandvastamountsofwaterfrommeltingicecanimpacttheunderlyinggroundwater，”Meierbachtolsaid.“It’sgenerallyacceptedthatthegroundwaterissleepingoverdecadestocenturiesanditsresponsetoicesheetchangeislong：thousandsofyears.Butwhatwe’veshownhereisthatitisimmediate.”ThisnewunderstandingcouldhaveimportantsubsequenteffectsonhowGreenland’sthinningiceimpactstheArctic.Thethinningicecouldreducetherateofgroundwaterflowtotheocean，changingthewatertemperatureandsalinity(盐度)balancethatisimportantforoceancirculation(循环)patterns.“InthinkingaboutthecomplexfeedbacksfromGreenland’songoingchange，wehavereallyignoredthegroundwatercomponent，”Harpersaid.5．Howdotheresearchersfeelabouttheresultoftherecentstudy?A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed.C．Surprised. D．Doubtful.6．WhatcontributesmosttothenewresearchabouttheGreenlandIceSheet?A．Fixingsensorsintoicesheet.B．Closeinternationalcooperation.C．Advancedrockdrillingtechnology.D．Acombinationoftwodrillingapproaches.7．Whatisamisunderstandingofthegroundwaterunderglaciers?A．Ithasaverylargevolume.B．Itisinactiveforalongtime.C．Itscomponentiscomplex.D．Itstemperatureischangeable.8．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WaterImpactstheGreenland’sIceSheetB．Long-lastingEffectsofGlobalWarmingontheArcticC．NewlyDiscoveredGroundwaterResourcesinGreenlandD．Greenland’sGroundwaterChangeswithThinningIceSheetCTopersist，lifemustreproduce.ScientistsattheUniversityofVermont，TuftsUniversity，andtheWyssInstituteforBiologicallyInspiredEngineeringatHarvardUniversityhavediscoveredanentirelynewformofbiologicalreproductionandappliedtheirdiscoverytocreatingthefirst-ever，self-replicating(自我复制的)livingrobots.NamedXenobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichscientiststaketheirstemcells，themachinesarelessthan0.04incheswide—smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim，surviveforweekswithoutfood，andworktogetheringroups.Theyevenhaveregenerativecapabilities；whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot，ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.TheXenobotscouldpotentiallybeusedtowardahostoftasks.Xenobotscouldbeusedtocleanupradioactivewasteandcollectmicroplasticsintheoceans.SomeXenobotshaveholesintheircenter，whichcouldpotentiallybeusedtotransportdrugsormedicines.Traditionalrobots“degrade(降解)overtimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffects，”researcherssaidinthestudy，whichwaspublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Asbiologicalmachines，Xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.Asidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks，Xenobotscouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnmoreaboutcellbiology—openingthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Whiletheprospectofself-replicatingbiotechnologycouldsparkconcern，theresearcherssaidthatthelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyed，astheyarebiodegradableandregulatedbyexperts.“Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticity(可塑性)andabilityofcellstosolveproblems，”saidJoshuaBongard，oneoftheleadresearchersattheuniversityofVermont.9．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“regenerative”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Fightingdisease.B．Recoveringandgrowingagain.C．Self-cleaningregularly.D．Replacingoldcells.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutXenobotsfromparagraph3?A．Theycanbewidelyappliedtocurediseases.B．Theyareharmlesstotheenvironmentbydegradingplastics.C．Theyarespeciallydesignedtocollectradioactivewaste.D．Theycanservewelltheresearchonhumanhealth.11．WhatisBongard’sattitudetowardstheself-replicatingbiotechnology?A．Doubtful. B．Indifferent.C．Positive. D．Ambiguous.12．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Theinventionofthefirstself-reproductionrobots.B．Anapplicationofamachineinmedicine.C．Thetrendofdevelopingbiotechnology.D．AnexperimentonAfricanclawedfrogs.Ⅱ.七选五BASEjumpingisadangeroussportthatinvolvesusingaparachute(降落伞)tojumpoffahighstructure.1BecauseBASEjumpingisverydangerous，itissometimesconsidereda“stunt”，or“daredevilactivity”ratherthanasport.BASEisanacronym(首字母缩写)thatstandsforthefourcategoriesoffixedlaunchpointsforaBASEjump：building，antennae(高塔)，span(bridge)andearth(cliff)．“BASEnumbers”areawardedtothosejumperswhohavecompletedatleastonejumpfromeachofthecategories.2CarlBoenishmadethefirstofficialBASEjumpofftheTrollWallinNorwayin1984.Unfortunately，CarlBoenishwaskilledtwodaysafterthatfirstBASEjumpashetriedtomakeanotherBASEjumpofftheTrollWall.ImprovementsinequipmenthavehelpedreduceBASEjumpingdeaths.3TherearenoreliablestatisticsonthenumberofpeoplekilledandinjuredwhileBASEjumping，butitiscertainlymoredangerousthanskydiving.Becauseofthehighdeathrate，BASE