英语-北京市海淀区2023-2024学年高二下学期7月期末学业水平调研考试试题和答案

海淀区2024年高二年级学业水平调研英语2024.07听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。()1．Whenwillthespeakershavethemeeting?A．At9o’clock.B．At11o’clock.C．At12o’clock.()2．Whatservicedoesthemanrequest?A．Roomservice.B．Awake-upcall.C．Checkingout.()3．Whichtypeofmoviesdoesthewomanprefer?A．Thrillers.B．Romances.C．Documentaries.()4．Whatisthemandoing?A．Checkingtheflightnumber.B．Lookingfortheboardinggate.C．Askingaboutairportfacilities.听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。()5．Whatactivitywillthetwospeakersjoinin?A．Sportsgames.B．Musicfestivals.C．Cookingcompetitions.()6．Wherecanthespeakersgettheform?A．Inthelibrary.B．Intheheadteacher’soffice.C．Inthemusichall.听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。()7．Whatmakesthemanfeeldownlately?A．Failingtheexams.B．Losingconfidence.C．Performingbadlyinthedrama.()8．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Payattentiontooutcomes.B．Practisetobeperfect.C．Focusontheprogress.听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。()9．Whatisthemandoing?A．Makingacomplaint.B．Cancelingatour.C．Seekingforadvice.()10．Whatwillthemanprobablydecidetodo?A．Takeahikingtrip.B．Rideinahotairballoon.C．Coonamountainbikingtour.听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。()11．WhatistheaimoftheTechFestival?A．Toguidestudentstoapplytechnologytoreallife.B．Tohelpstudentskeepupwiththelatestinnovation.C．Toshowstudents’technologicaltalentsandcreativity.()12．Whatcanstudentsdointhecodingcompetition?A．Judgeothers’creation.B．Developanapplication.C．Reportreal-lifeproblems.听下面一段独白，完成第13至16四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。TipsonHowtoPlanaPartySetupaboardgamestable■13atablewhereyoucanlayoutallofyourboardgames■OfferavarietyofgamesSetupaDIY14booth■Usealargepieceofpaperor15asabackground■Addabannerthathasthenameofthegraduate’sschoolandtheyearGiveagraduationpartytoast■Speaktothe16strengthsandaccomplishments■Useafavoritequote阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Whenmostteenagershisagearepreppingforcompetitiveexamsortrainingtobeathletes.HenryBurner,strugglingwithdyslexia(阅读障碍),decidedtocharthisownrouteforsuccess.Attheageof10,hisclass17atradingpost,wherestudentswouldsellandbuygoodswithheads.Hismomsuggestedmakingcupcakes,butBurnerrefused.“Mom,thebakedgoodsmarketisgoingtobetotallyoversaturated(过度饱和的).Fewstudentsmakethingsthatlastlong.Weneedtomakesomething18.”Sohepulledouthismom’soldbuttonmachineandmadebuttons.WhenBurnerendedupwiththemostbendsatthetradingpost,hefeltforthefirsttimethathewasreallysuccessful.Arrivinghome,Burneraskedhismom.“CanImakeitarealbusiness?”Thatwasthe19ofButtonsmith,aretailcompanywhichnowhasover10,000productsavailable.Alongwithhisregularschooling,Burnerplayedalargeroleinthecompany’sstrategicdecisionmakingand20hisbreaksandweekendsworkingonthecompany.Buttonsmithstartedfromthefarmer’smarketbeforegoingonlineand21,developingitsownwebsite.Aftergoingonline,Buttonsmith’ssalesshowedasignificantupwardgraphandreachedmillionsofpeople,andthatwasa(n)22point.Sincethenhehasgreatly23productlinesintomanyaffordablehighqualityproductsthatallowpeopletoexpresswhotheyaretotheworld.Startingwithbuttons,thecompanyhasdiversifieditsproduct24andcurrentlyprovidesdogcollars,leashes,businesscards,banners,etc.Tostayaheadofcompetitors,BurnerhasoptimizeButtonsmithtohavecustomproductsmadewithinminutesoftheorderbeing25.andmakessuretheproductsareinthecustomers’handswithintwodays.Aftercreatinganimpressiveretailcompanyathome.Buttonsmithisstrategizingtospreadits26toothercountries.“Hovebeinganentrepreneur.”concludedBurner.()17．A．ran()18．A．stableB．portable()19．A．missionB．initiationC．advantageD．performance()20．A．killedB．delayedC．balancedD．invested()21．A．eventuallyB．hesitantlyC．frequentlyD．accidentally()22．A．regularB．temporaryC．crucialD．urgent()23．A．slidedB．pouredC．packed()24．A．costsB．sizes()25．A．shippedB．placedC．deleted()26．A．roots阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给出提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AGiantpandaFuBaoarrivedinChengdu.SichuanProvinceonApril3rd,2024.afterlivinginSouthKoreaforover3years.Largescreenswerelitup27(welcome)FuBaohome.Theselargescreenadvertisements28(purchase)bydozensoffans.FuBaoisthefirstgiantpandaborninSouthKoreaandasuccessfulcaseofoverseasbreeding.Sincethe1990s,China29(conduct)giantpandaconservationcooperationandresearchwithinstitutionsinothercountries.Currently,therearealocalof49giantpandasabroad.BAround90%ofroadaccidentsarecausedbyhumanerrors,andself-drivingcarswithAIaimtosolvetheproblem.30theycandoisnokeepvehiclehardwarehealthybydrivingstrategicallyandsafely.Inthisway,trafficviolationsandfinescanbeavoided,31canhelpsavecosts.Driversalsobenefitfromthe32(integrate)ofAltechnologyduringlongtripsastheycanrestwhilethecar’ssystemtakescareofdriving.CAssummervacationapproaches,studytoursofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentshavebecomepopular.33(absorb)inacademicstudiesatschool,studentsareleftwithlittleroomforactivitiessuchaspracticallabororhands-onexperience.Duringthestudytours,theycome34groupstomajorattractions,museumsandfarmstolearnwhilesightseeing.Educationaltripsofferstudentsprecious35(opportunity)tobecomemoreindependent.By36(engage)inindependentlivingandproblemsolvingwithpeers,studentscanlearntonavigatereal-lifesituations.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhenfacingthetaskofdecidingyourmajor,youshouldrememberthatthedecisionyoumakedoesn’tmeanyouareonlydestinedforonepath.QUESTIONSTOASKYOURSELFASYOUMAKEYOURDECISION●DoIhaveacareerinmind?Althoughyourmajordoesnotnecessarilydictateyourcareer,somejobsdorequireacertainfieldofstudy.Ifyouhaveyourfuturecareerinmind,doyourresearchandfindouttheeducationrequirements.Ifyouareatalosswithwhatyouwanttodo,goaheadandresearchdifferentcareerfields.Acertainjobmightpiqueyourinterest,andthatcouldpromptyoutopickacertainmajor.●Howmuchdoesmoneymatter?Somemajorsdohavehigherpotentialearningsthanothers.Ifearningalotofmoneyisaprimarygoalforyou,searchformajorsthatpayoffwell.FeelfreetoreachouttotheCareerCenterformoreinformationonhigher-earningmajorsandcareers.●WhatdoIlovetodo?Ifyoulovewhatyoustudy,youwillbemorelikelytopayfullattentiontoyourclasses.whichwillprobablyleadtobettergradesandvaluableconnectionsinthefield.Alsoyouwillfindyourcollegeyearsmorefulfillingifyoucultivateyourpassion!TIPSFORDISCOVERINGWHATINTERESTSYOU●Exploredifferentcourses!Don’ttakerandomfreeelectivesjusttomeetthecreditrequirementforgraduation.Exploredifferentsubjects!Bybranchingoutofwhatyouknow,youmaydiscoveranunexpectedaptitudeforsportmanagement,orrealizethatyoulovepsychology!Maybeanelectivecoursecouldleadyoutoyourmajor.●MeetwithaCDCstaffmember!YourCareerDevelopmentCenter(CDC)iseagertohelpyou!MeetwithapeerCareerAmbassadortotalkaboutyourcareergoalsandtheoptionsforyou.Alsoconsiderschedulinganappointmentwithaprofessionalstaffmembertodiscusspotentialcareerpaths,internships(实习),andmore!●UtilizetheCDC’sonlineresources!CDCoffersmanyonlineresourcesforself-assessmentandcareersearch.Wemakerecommendationsformajorsandcareersbasedonyouranswers!Seepage6formoredetailsofwhatwehavetooffer!()37．Ifyoudon’tknowwhattochooseasyourfuturecareer,youneedto.A．cultivatearelatedhobbyB．aimforwell-paidjobsC．considertheeducationrequirementsD．investigatedifferentfields()38．Accordingtothepassage,CDCcould.A．givemajor-relatedadviceB．establishinternshipprogrammesC．defineyourfuturecareergoalsD．selectanelectivecourseforyou()39．Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A．Aresearchpaper.B．Acommercialpost.C．Acollegebrochure.D．Arecruitmentnotice.BFoodpackagingfromaroundtheworldcontainsatleast68“foreverchemicals”thatcanseepintowhatweeat.anewstudyfinds.And61ofthemarenotevensupposedtobeusedinsuchproducts.“It’snotclearwhythelatterchemicals,whicharenotonlistsofthoseauthorizedforuseinfoodcontainers,areinsuchpackaging.”saysthestudy’sauthorBirgitGeueke.Thestudyfocusedonaclassofchemicalscalledperfluoroalkylandpolyfluoronlkylsubstances(PFASs),whicharesometimescalled“foreverchemicals”becausetheydon’tbreakdownreadilyintheenvironmentorinthebody.That’sbecausetheircharacteristiccarbon-fluorinebondisoneofthestrongestinnature.Fordecades,thesesubstanceshavebeenusedinawiderangeofconsumerproducts,fromcookwaretopesticidestocosmetics,becausetheyareproofagainstwaterandgrease.GeuekeandherteamfoundamismatchbetweenwhattheydetectedinactualproductsandadatabaseofPFASchemicalsauthorizedforuseinfoodpackaging.About140PFASsareknowntobeusedinfoodpackaging,butonlysevenofthe68chemicalsinthestudywereonthislist.Geuekesaysit’sunclearhoworwhytheother61chemicalsturnedup.DavidAndrews,achemistandtoxicologistatanonprofitenvironmentaladvocacyorganization,suggestsit’spossiblethatunknownimpuritiesemergedduringthemanufacturingoftheauthorizedchemicalsorthattheauthorizedPFASsdegradeovertime.Thisclassofchemicalsincludesmanylong-chainmolecules,andtheycanbreakintoshorterchainsthataresimplydifferenttypesofPFASs.PFASshavebeenfoundinhumanbloodandbreastmilk,drinkingwater,soilandotherstartlingplacesaroundtheworld.ExposuretosomeofthemoststudiedPFASshasbeenassociatedwithcancer.reproductiveproblemsandlessenedresponsestovaccines.“There’sanincrediblebodyofscientificevidencelinkingPFASchemicalstohealthharm,”saysAndrews.ManycountriesareevaluatingrestrictionsofPFASsinfoodpackaging.ChemicalindustryrepresentativeshaveadvocatedfordealingwithPFASsasindividualchemicals.Beforepublishingthenewstudy.ScientificAmericanreachedouttotheAmericanChemistryCouncil(ACC).achemistryindustrytradeassociation,aboutit,buttheorganizationdidnotreply.OnitsdedicatedPFASwebpage.ACCnotesthat“allPFASsarenotthesame.Eachindividualchemicalhasitsownuniquepropertiesanduses.”AndrewsandGeuekebothsaythepresenceofunknownPFASsinfoodpackagingisgoodreasontoregulatethesechemicalsasasingleclass—apositionsharedwithmanyotherscientificexpertsandenvironmentalprotectiongroups.Therearemorethan12,000knownPFASs,andscientistsdon’tknowmuchaboutmostofthem.“OnlysomePFASshaveeverbeentestedfortoxicity(每性),”Geuekesays,and“thereareprobablyotherwaystoproducefoodpackaging.”()40．WhatcanwelearnaboutPFASsfromthepassage?A．Theyareabletoresistwaterandgrease.B．Theylastlongandneverbreakdown.C．Theycontainthelongestchemicalbond.D．Theyaremainlyusedforfoodpackaging.()41．Paragraph3ismainlyabout.A．thepotentialusageoftheunknownimpuritiesB．theauthorizationoffoodpackagingchemicalsC．thelikelytransformingprocessfromPFASsintonewchemicalsD．thepossibleexplanationforthepresenceofunauthorizedPFASs()42．ThewordsonthewebpageinParagraph5mayshowthatACC.A．hasworkedoutwaystousePFASssafelyindifferentproductsB．agreeswithchemicalindustryrepresentativesregardingPFASsC．hasgottheauthoritativepowerindealingwithPFASsD．supportstestingmoreunknownPFASsfortoxicity()43．WhichwouldGeuekeprobablyagreewith?A．LawsshouldbemadetobantheuseofPFASs.B．Foodpackagingalternativesshouldbeexplored.C．Thechemicalsinfoodpackagingshouldbelisted.D．ScientistsshouldcontinuediscoveringnewPFASs.CAthemeatthisyear’sWorldEconomicForum(WEF)meetingwastheperceivedneedto“acceleratebreakthroughsinresearchandtechnology”.Someofthisframingwasmotivatedbytheclimateemergency,somebytheopportunitiesandchallengespresentedbygenerativeartificialintelligence.Yetinvariousconversations,itseemedtobetakenforgrantedthattoaddresstheworld’sproblems,scientificresearchneedstomovefaster.TheWEFmindsetresonates(产生共鸣)withtheSiliconValleydictate—usuallycreditedtoMarkZuckerberg—tomovefastandbreakthings.Butwhatifthethingbeingbrokenisscience?Orpublictrust?TheWEFmeetingtookplacejustafortnightafterHarvardUniversityPresidentClaudineCaysteppeddownaftercomplaintsweremadeaboutherscholarship.Gay’stroublescameontheheelsoftheresignationofStanfordUniversityPresidentMareTessier-Lavigne,afteraninternalinvestigationconcludedthathisneuroscienceresearchhad“multipleproblems”.Inresponse.Gayrequestedcorrectionstoseveralofherpapers;Tessier-Lavignerequestedretraction(撤回)ofthreeofhis.Althoughitmaybeimpossibletodeterminejusthowwidespreadsuchproblemsreallyare,it’shardtoimaginethatthespectacleofhigh-profilescholarscorrectingandretractingpapershasnothadanegativeimpactonpublictrustinscienceandperhapsinexpertsbroadly.Inrecentyearswe’veseenimportantpapers,writtenbyprominentscientistsandpublishedinprestigiousjournals,retractedbecauseofquestionabledataormethods.Inoneinterestingcase,FrancesH.ArnoldoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,whosharedthe2018NobelPrizeinChemistry,voluntarilyretractedapaperwhenherlabwasunabletoreplicateherresults—butafterthepaperhadbeenpublished.Inanopenapology,shestatedthatshewas“abitbusy”whenthepaperwassubmittedand“didnotdomyjobwell”.Arnold’shonestyisadmirable,butitraisesaquestion:Arescholarsatsupercompetitiveplacesreallytakingthetimetodotheirworkright?TheproblemisnotuniquetotheU.S.InEurope,formalresearchassessments—whichareusedtoallocatefuturefunding—haveforyearsjudgedacademicdepartmentslargelyonthequantityoftheiroutput.Duetothefactthattheexistingsystemhascreatedacounterincentivetoadvancementinscience,areformisunderwayurginganemphasisonqualityoverquantity.Goodsciencetakestime.NearlyacenturypassedbetweenbiochemistFriedrichMiescher’sidentificationoftheDNAmoleculeandsuggestionthatitmightbeinvolvedininheritanceandtheelucidationofitsdouble-helixstructureinthe1950s.AndittookjustabouthalfacenturyforgeologistandgeophysiciststoacceptgeophysicistAlfredWegener’sideaofcontinentaldrift.There’splentyofcircumstantialevidencethatscientistsandotherscholarsarepushingresultsoutfarfasterthantheyusedto.Someofthisgrowthisdrivenbymorescientistsandmoreco-authorship(papers,butitalsosuggeststhattheresearchworldhasprioritizedquantityoverquality.Researchedmayneedtoslowdown—notspeedup—ifwearetoproduceknowledgeworthyoftrust.()44．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A．Tessier-LavigneresignedfromSandfordafterGaysteppeddown.B．Gaygavebackherscholarshipsduetostudents’complaints.C．Fasterscientificdevelopmenthasledtoclimatechange.D．Publictrustinsciencemayhavealreadybeenshaken.()45．WhyistheexampleofFrancesH.ArnoldmentionedinParagraph4?A．ToquestiontheworksofNobelPrizewinners.B．Toshowthepracticeofpaperretractioniscommon.C．Toindicateeventheinfluentialscientistsareinarush.D．Tohighlightscientists’qualityofhonestyinacademia.()46．Theunderlinedword“counterincentive”inParagraph5referstoa(n)factor.A．unfairB．indecisiveC．discouragingD．irrational()47．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheDangerofFastScienceB．TheBattlebetweenQualityandQuantityC．TheCrisisamongTopScientistsD．ThePrinciplebehindResearchAssessments根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Picturethis:you’rebakingcookies.Asyouliftthepanoutoftheoven,yourbarearmaccidentallytouchesit.Ouch!Whydidyoufeelpain?Andhowisyourbraininvolvedinsensingpain?Wemaynotlikepain,butourbodiesneeditasawarningsystem.48Therearespecialreceptorcellsinourskinandbodiesthataresensitivetocertainstimuli(刺激).Thesecellsarecalled“nociceptors”.Whenanociceptorgetsexposedtoapainfulstimulus,itsendsamessageintothebrain.Thebrainprocessesthatinformation,andthenpainisfelt.49Thinkaboutatimewhenyou’vestubbedyourtoe.Theredoesn’tseemtobeadelaybetweenhittingyourtoeandthenfeelingpain:itfeelslikeithappensatthesametime. 50Ifwehaveaninjury,painalertsustorestandlettheinjuryheal.Ifwestandtooclosetoafire,paintellsustomoveaway.Notbeingabletofeelpaincanbedangerous.Somepeoplecanfeelsensationsliketouch,buttheycannotfeelpain.Withoutfeelingpain,theycannotlistentotheirbodieswhentheyneedtorestorheal.Ontheotherhand,thebrainsometimesprocessespainwherethereisn’tanyactualinjurytothebody.Here’safamousstory:amansteppedonanail.Itwentthroughthebottomofhisshoe,andhefeltlikehewasinhorriblepain.Whenthedoctorsremovedhisshoe,theyfoundthatthenailwasbetweenhistoes!Ithadn’tgoneintohisfootatall.51Sohisbrainperceivedpaintomatchtheexperience.Withoutpain,wemightnotknowwhenwecouldneedtorest.Wemightnotknowifwewereindangerofhurtingourselves.52However,itisanimportantpartofhumanlifeandsurvival!A．Painisnotfuntofeel.B．Painisaresponsetoastimulus.C．Ourbrainsusesensoryinformationtointerpretthepainthatwefeel.D．Eventhoughpainisanunpleasantfeeling,itisnecessaryforhumansurvival.E．Allofthissignalsendingandprocessinghappensfasterthanwecanperceive.F．Itisanimportantfunctionofourbrain,tellingourbodieswhensomethingiswrong.G．However,thevisualinformationtrickedhisbrainintothinkingthattherewascauseforalarm.阅读下面的短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。MarvaCollins’journeyasateacherbeganinthe1960s,whenshewasassignedtoteachatapublicschoolinChicago.Atthetime,theschoolwastroubledbylowacademicstandardsandmisbehaviorofthestudents.Despitethesechallenges.Collinswasdeterminedtohelpthosestudentslabeledas“difficult”or“at-risk”.Believingthateverystudenthadthepotentialtolearnandsucceed,shesetouttocreateaclassroomenvironmentthatwouldfosteraloveoflearning,asenseofdiscipline,andabeliefinoneself.Collinsfirstestablishedarigorousacademiccurriculumthatwouldchallengeherstudentstoreachtheirfullpotential.Shetaughtherstudentstraditionalsubjectsandalsoemphasizedcriticalthinking,problemsolving,andcreativity.Herteachingmethodswerehighlyeffective,andstudentssoonbegantoshowremarkableprogress.ButCollins’greatestachievementwasthefoundingoftheWestsidePrepSchool,whichshestartedin1975．Theschoolprovidedasafeandnurturingenvironmentwherestudentscouldthriveacademicallyandsociallyandthereforeitwasconsideredasthe“havenforlearning”.AtthePrepSchool.Collinsstressedtheimportanceofdisciplineandhardwork.Sheexpectedherstudentstoarriveontime,inuniform,andreadytolearn,andsheinstalledinthemasenseofresponsibilityandaccountability.Collinsalsoemphasizedtheimportanceofbuildingrelationshipsbetweenteachersandstudents.Shebelievedthatstrongrelationshipswerethefoundationofeffectiveteaching,aresheencouragedherteacherstopersonalizetheirinstructionbasedonthestudents’individualdifferences.Underherleadership,thePrepSchoolbecameknownforitshighacademicstandardsanditsabilitytohelpstrugglingstudents.Manyoftheschool’sgraduateswentontoattendtopcollegesanduniversities,andsomewentontobecomeleadersintheirfields.Collins’impactoneducationwasrecognizedbyeducatorsaroundtheworld.Today,herlegacyliveson.Heremphasisondiscipline,hardwork,andrelationshipscontinuestobeamodelforeffectiveteaching,andherbeliefinthepotentialofeverystudentcontinuestoinspireeducatorstomakeadifferenceinthelivesoftheat-riskstudents.53．WhatchallengesdidCollinsfaceasanewteacher?54．WhywasthePrepSchoolconsideredthe“havenforlearning”?55．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Toachieveeffectiveteaching,Collinsencouragedherteacherstobuildstrongrelationshipswiththestudentsandteachthemasawhole.56．WhichoneofCollin’steachingbeliefsimp