二语习得练习

二语习得练习SLA选择题练习选择题练习1：1)Targetlanguagerefersto__________.A.thelanguagethatoneislearningB.one'smothertongueC.one'sforeignlanguage2)Secondlanguageacquisitiontakesplacenormally__________,sotheprocessbecomesmorecomplicated.A.afteronehasalreadyacquiredL1B.beforeonehasalreadyacquiredL1C.afteronehasalreadyacquiredtargetlanguage3)Cognitiveschooltheorybelievesthat__________.Languagelearningisaprocessofattainingcognitiveskills.A.adultslearnL2byproblem-solvingcognitivepatterns.B.childrenlearnL2byproblem-solvingcognitivepatterns.C.bothadultsandchildrenlearnL2byproblem-solvingcognitivepatterns.4)Affectivefactorsareconsidered________.A.unnecessaryinL1acquisition,butnecessaryinL2acquisition.B.necessaryinL1acquisition,butunnecessaryinL2acquisition.C.necessaryinbothL1andL2acquisition.5)CriticalPeriodHypothesisbelievesthat______isaimportantfactorthataffectL2acquisition.A.ageB.socialclassC.sex6)Intermofsecondlanguageacquisition,itisoftenbelievedthat________.A.educationalsettingswillleadtohigherlevelsofL2proficiencythannaturalsettings.B.naturalsettingswillleadtohigherlevelsofL2proficiencythaneducationalsettings.C.naturalsettingsandeducationalsettingscanleadtosamelevelofL2proficiency7Intermsofsecondlanguageacquisition,itisoftenbelievedthat________.A.AdultsandchildrenareinitiallyandfinallythesameB.ChildreninitiallyfasterandadultsfinallybetterC.Adultsinitiallyfasterandchildrenfinallybetter8)Explicitknowledgeisacquiredfrom_______whileimplicitknowledgeisacquiredfrom_____.A.acquisition…learningBlearning…acquisitionC.learning…practice9)Aschema,inpsychologyandcognitivescience,is_______structurethatrepresentssomeaspectsoftheworldinaperson'smind.A.amentalB.aphysicalC.agrammatical10)Listeningandreadingaloudcanstrengthenone's________.A.auditorymemoryB.visualmemoryC.sensorymemory11)Undersubmersionsettings,alanguagelearnerisexpectedtoconfrontedwithinstructionsituationinwhich______.whileunderimmersionsettingstheteacherissupposedtobebilingual.A.theteacherandallotherclassmatesdonotunderstandthelearner'sL1B.theteacherdoesnotunderstandthelearner'sL1C.allotherclassmatesnotunderstandthelearner'sL112)Learningthattakesplaceinnaturalandeducationalsettingsissupposed________.A.tobethesameBtobeverydifferentC.tobeveryeasy13)ThespeculationofUniversalGrammarderivesfrom________.A.thelanguageacquisitiondeviceB.theoverallsuccessoflanguageacquisitionC.thephenomenonof"poverty-of-the-stimulus"选择题练习2：Acquisitionisdifferentfromlearning:Acquisitionoccurs____1(A.consciouslyB.unconsciously)in______2(A.naturalB.educational)settingandlearnersnormallypayattentionto_____3(A.meaning;B.form).UniversalGrammarreferstoasetof_____4(A.principleandparameters;B.grammarrules)whichhumanarebornwithandwhichensurethenaturaloccuranceof_____5(A.L1acquisition;B.L2acquisition).ButtheaccessibilityofUGisstillacontroversialissuein____6(A.L1acquisition;B.L2acquisition)Cognitiveschooltheorybelievesthat________7.(A.adultslearnL2byproblem-solvingcognitivepatterns;B.childrenlearnL2byproblem-solvingcognitivepatterns)and.languagelearningisaprocessofattainingcognitiveskills.Affectivefactorsareconsidered______8.(A.unnecessaryinL1acquisition,butnecessaryinL2acquisition;B.necessaryinL1acquisition,butunnecessaryinL2acquisition;)andfourmostimportantfactorsinaffectivefilterare_____9(A.motivation;B.creation),attitude,self-confidenceandanxiety.A_____10(A.highB.low)affectivefilterisfavorabletoL2learning.Learnersofinstrumentalmotivationnormallyconcernwith_____11(A.theprocess;B.thepracticalrewards)oflearning.Somostofthemtendto____12(A.giveupB.workon)whentheprocessistoolong.Languagecompetencerefersto______13(A.insidelanguageintuition;B.outsidelanguageability).AsforL1,people’slanguagecompetenceisbelievedtobeequalbuttheir____14(A.languagestyles;B.languageperformance)aredifferent.CriticalPeriodHypothesisbelievesthat_____15(A.ageB.sex)isaimportantfactorthataffectL2acquisition.Anditisgenerallybelievedthat____16(A.childrenstartslowerbutendbetterandadultsnormallystartfasterbutendfailure;B.adultsstartslowerbutendbetterandchildrenstartfasterbutendfailure.)Memoryisnormallydividedintoshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Long-termmemoryisstoredasour_____17(A.knowledge;B.task).SLA名词解释练习1)AcquisitionandLearningAcquisitionreferstothelearningofalanguageunconsciouslyundernaturalsettingswherelearnerspayattentiononlytothemeaningsorcontentsratherthanformsorgrammars;learningreferstothelearningofalanguageconsciouslyundereducationalsettingswherelearnersmainlypayattentiontoformsorgrammars;2)InterlanguageInterlanguagereferstoL2leaner'slanguage.Itissocalled,becauseitisalanguageleaner’sL1andthelearner’stargetlanguage.Theterm"interlangauge"hastwolevelsofmeaning,first,itreferstothewholesystemoflanguage,andsecond,italsoreferstothelanguagelevelatacertainpointalongthecontinuumofinterlangaugesystem.Interlanguagehasatleastfivecharacteristics:…3)Behaviorism:行为主义学派Behaviorismisaschooloftheoryinthestudyofsecondlanguageacquisitionwhichinsiststhatmereimitationcanensurethehappeningoflanguageacquisition.Outputisdeterminedbyinput.Learnerscanachievelanguagebymereimitationoftheinput.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofstimulate-responseprocess."Stimulate"referstoinputstimulationand"response"means"learning".Solearningcomesfrommerestimulation.Thisschoolignorestheinheritedlinguisticpropertyofhumanbeingsandthecognitiveprocessofhumanmind.4)Mentalism(Nativism)：天生主义或先天主义学派Mentalismisaschooloftheoryinthestudyofsecondlanguageacquisitionwhicharguesthatlanguageacquisitionreliesonuniversalgrammar,whichisasetofprinciplesandparametersthathumanarebornwith.InputjusttriggersthewakeofUGandthechoiceofparameters.AndUGwilleventuallydevelopintoaspecificlanguage.Thisschoolignoresthefunctionofinputandbelievethattheinsidefactorsdeterminethelanguageacquisition.Inputdoesnothelpalot.5)Cognitivism(Orcognitiveinteractionism):认知主义学派BelievethatL2acquisitionreliesoninteractionbetweentheinsideandoutsidefactors.Andthisschooldifferentiatethedifferencesbetweenchildren'sandadults'L2acquisition,believingthatadultsusuallylearnanddonotacquireL2asachilddoes,soUGdoesnotexistinadults'L2learning.AdultpeoplelearnL2byproblem-solvingcognitivepatterns.Languagelearningisaprocessofattainingcognitiveskills,similartolearningswimminganddriving.6)AffectiveFilterAffectivefiltersrefertomotivation,confidence,attitudeandanxiety,whichformagroupsofpsychologicalfactorsthatinfluencetheprocessofsecondlanguageacquisition.Itisuniversallybelievedthatlowlevelofaffectivefiltersismorefavorabletosecondlanguageacquisitionthanhigherones.Wecallthemaffectivefilterbecausethesepsychologicalfactorscanfilterthepassageofinputinaccordancewithdifferentlevelsofaffective.7)ImplicitknowledgeandexplicitknowledgeImplicitknowledgereferstotheknowledgethatoneattainsastheresultofL2acquisition,whileexplicitknowledgereferstotheknowledgethatoneattainsastheresultofL2learning.Soimplicitknowledgeisproceduralknowledge,akindoflanguageskills.ExplicitknowledgereferstorulesandprinciplesofL2.8)SchemaSchemareferstoone'smentalstructureoftheworldinhis(her)mind.Thedepositofknowledgeinone'smindcreatesapictureorastereotypeofthestructureoftheoutsideworld,whichinturnprovidesaframeworkforfutureunderstanding.9)FundamentalDifferenceHypothesisAcognitivetheoryinsecondlanguageacquisitionputforwardbyBley-Vromanandrepresentingtheopinionsofcognitivistschool.Thetheorybelievesthatinsecondlanguageacquisitionadultsandchildrenaredifferentfromeachother.Childrenacquireasecondlanguageintheprocessofwhichuniversalgrammarmay,tocertaindegree,stillexistwhileadultsusecognitiveproblem-solvingprocessinwhichUGisunaccessibleandsocausegeneralfailure.10)FossilizationFossilizablelinguisticphenomenaarelinguisticitems,rulesandsubsystemswhichspeakersofaparticularnativelanguagewilltendtokeepintheirinerlanguagerelativetoaparticulartargetlanguage,nomatterwhattheageofthelearneroramountofexplanationandinstructionhereceivesinthetargetlanguage.OrfossilizationreferstoastateinwhichL2learners'languagedevelopmentstopsorgetstucknomatterhowmuchefforttheygiveorhowmuchinstructiontheyreveive.Itisakindofuniversalphenomenonininterlanguage.11）SocialsettingsinSLASocialsettingsrefertonaturalsettingsandeducationalsettingsinL2acquisition.Educationalsettingsarefurtherdividedintosubmersionandimmersionsettings.Immersionsettingreferstoasettinginwhich….Whilesubmersionsettingisasettinginwhich…12）UniversalGrammarUniversalGrammarreferstoasetofhighlyabstractprinciplesandparametersthathumanarebornwith.Itisalsocalledlanguageacquisitiondevice,whichensurethehappeningoflanguageacquisition.ThetheorywasfirstputforwardbyNoamChomskytoexplaintheoccuranceofL1acquisition.Somelinguistsapplieditt