自考英语二教材课文讲义unit

文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]自考英语二教材课文讲义unitUnit1ThePowerofLanguage

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I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.criticaladj.有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的

2.non-fictionn.纪实文学

3.positionn.观点；态度；立场

4.statementn.说明；说法；表态

5.?question?v.表示疑问；怀疑

outofquestion/outofthequestion

6.evaluatev.估计；评价；评估

7.contextn.事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉

8.?value?n.values[pl.]是非标准；价值观

valuable

invaluable=priceless

valueless

9.represent?v.描述；表现

representativeadj./n.

10.assertionn.明确肯定；断言

11.sufficient?adj.?足够的；充足的

sufficiency

insufficient

12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]统计数字；统计资料

13.integratev.（使）合并，成为一体

14.authority?n.专家；学术权威；泰斗

an/theauthorityonsth.

authorize

15.compare?v.比较；对比

compareAwithB

compareAtoB

16.subjectn.主题；题目；题材

17.consistentadj.相符的；符合的

18.inconsistencyn.不一致

19.assumptionn.假定；假设

20.case?n.具体情况；事例

incase

incaseoffire

incasethat…

acaseinpoint

confirmed/suspectedcases

21.directlyadv.直接地；径直地

22.identifyv.找到；发现

23.valid?adj.符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的

validityn.有效性，正确（性）

invalid

24.credible?adj.可信的；可靠的

incredible=unbelievable

25.landmarkn.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑

26.relevant?adj.紧密相关的；切题的

relevancyn.关联；恰当

irrelevant

27.currentadj.现时发生的；当前的

28.appropriate?adj.合适的；恰当的

inappropriate

It's(not)appropriatethat….

29.biasn.偏见；偏心；偏向

30.considerably?adv.非常；很；相当多地

consider

considering

considerable

considerate

consideration

31.Democratn.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民

32.Republicann.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者

33.reflectv.显示；表明；表达

34.informed?adj.有学问的；有见识的

well-informed

ill-informed

PhrasesandExpressions1.applyto使用；应用

2.putforth提出；产生

3.take…intoaccount考虑到；顾及

4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面；信以为真

5.withagrainofsalt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II.TextLearningCriticalReading①?(1)Criticalreading?appliesto?non-fictionwriting?inwhich?theauthor?putsforthaposition?orseekstomakeastatement.?Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust（不只是，不仅仅是）understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.?Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.（启下句）

本部分重点及难点：1.Criticalreading?appliesto?non-fictionwriting?inwhich?theauthor?putsforthaposition?orseekstomakeastatement.

applytosb./sth.=beapplicabletosb./sth.

apply的派生词：application,applicant,applicable②?Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontext?than?yours.?(2)Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwritten?sometime?agoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.?(3)Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.?

本部分重点及难点：2.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwritten?sometime?agoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.

sometime

注意区分：sometime/sometimes/sometimes

3.?Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeand?takeintoaccount?anydifferencesbetweenyour?valuesandattitudes?and?those?representedbytheauthor.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

those是代词，代替前面的复数名词valuesandattitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。例如：

Thestudentsinyourclassaremorehard-workingthanthoseinhisclass.

Thevaluesoftheyoungpeopledifferfromthoseoftheirelders.

Yourvoiceismorebeautifulthatthatofyourclassmates.

Thepriceofthatbookishigherthanthatofthisone.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】1.Thenecklacehersisteriswearingismuchmorebeautifulthan______wornbyMary.

A．thisB．thatC．theseD．those【答案】B

【解析】本题考查指代词those/that的用法。英语句子中为了避免重复常使用代词代替前面出现过的名词。代替前面的复数名词用those；代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用that。本句中空格处要填的词代替代替单数可数名词necklace，故选A。此处that也可以换成theone。

【知识点】指代词those/that的用法③?Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswritten?atfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.?Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.（承上句）Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.

④?Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.?(4)Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.?Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.（承上句）

本部分重点及难点：4.Looktoseethatwhatiswritten?isconsistentwith?whatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.

beconsistentwith与……一致

consist?vi.组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）

TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.

Thisdoesn'tconsistwithwhatyoutoldmeearlier.这和你先前告诉我的不符合。

consist的派生词：consistent,inconsistent,consistency,inconsistency请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】2.Totellyouthetruth,Ireallyhopethatyouractionswillconsist______yourwordsthistime.

A．ofB．inC．atD．with【答案】D

【解析】本题考查consist的用法。consistof意为"由……组成"；consistin意为"在于"；consistwith意为"与……一致"，故选D。consistat不存在。该句的意思是"说实话，我真希望这次你的言行能一致"。

【知识点】consist的用法⑤Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.(5)Assumptionsare?whatever?theauthormustbelieve?istrue?inordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.?Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.（承上启下句）Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.

⑥Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.?Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.（承上句）?Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent（启下句）.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthe?currentstateofknowledgeinphysics.

⑦Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.?(6)AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikely?lookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.?(7)Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflect?abiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswrittenwith"agrainofsalt."

⑧?Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecome?betterinformed?andmay?changeyourviewsasappropriate.

本部分重点及难点：5.Assumptionsare?whatevertheauthormustbelieveistrue?inordertomakeassertions.

whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成nomatterwhat。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，"疑问词ever"不能换成"nomatter+疑问词"，状语从句中可以换用。例如：

Whoevercomestoourpartyiswelcome.（不能换成nomatterwho…）

Hewilllendahelpinghandtowhoeverneedshishelp.(不能换)

Hewillbuywhateverhissonwants.（不能换）

Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.(能换成nomatterwhat…)

6.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswill?likely?lookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.

likely在该句中是副词

likelyadj./adv.

belikelytodosth.

It'slikelythat…

alikelyresult

Profitwillmostlikelyhaverisenbyabout2million.利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）

likely的派生词：unlikely,likelihood。例如：

Thelikelihoodofinfectionisminimal.感染的可能性极小。

7.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflect?abiasedposition.

abiasedposition

bebiasedto/toward(s)/against

反义词：unbiasedIII.部分练习讲解P111BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.

解题方法：把词分类

动词名词形容词副词

defineactionpowerfulinternally

expresstearspersonal

shapeshapegood

respondto

Languageisoneofthethingsthatsetsusapartasbeings,oneofthethingsthatessentially?1?definesusashumans.Whenlanguageisusedwellitcanelicitverydeepfeelinginothers,motivateothersto?2?actionanddefinethenatureofourrelationships.Sometimesinpoetrythejuxtaposition（并列）oftwowordsoracertainphrasecanbring?3tearstotheeyes,callupawholehostofimageryandmoveusdeeply.Wehaveseenlanguagerecentlyusedinthepoliticsofpersuasion,usedfor?4?goodorill-dependingonyourviewpoint.Whenweuselanguageto?5?expressourtruefeelingstosomeoneitcanopenanddeepentheconnectionbetweenus.Languageisavery?6?powerfultool.Howweuselanguageshapesourworldboth?7?internallyandexternally.Howyouuseself-talk-whatyousaytoyourselfaboutyourselfandabouttheworlddirectly?8?shapes（塑造，使成形）?yourexperienceofbothyourselfandtheworld.Howyoudelivercommunicationshapesthewaytheworld?9?responds?toyou.Wecanuselanguagemoreeffectivelyinbothspheres:internalandexternalanddirectlyinfluencethehealthandpowerofour?10?personalrelationshipsandourbusinessrelationships.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.confidence?n.自信心；把握

相关词：confident

beconfidentofsb./sth.

have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.

注意比较：confident/confidential

2.programv.训练；培养

3.masteryn.控制；驾驭

4.destinyn.命运；天命；天数

5.dramaticallyadv.巨大地；惊人地；显着地

6.qualityn.质量；品质

7.subconsciousadj.下意识的；潜意识的

8.pleasev.使满意；使愉快

9.commandn.（给人或动物的）命令

10.knowinglyadv.故意地；蓄意地

11.impactn.巨大影响；强大作用

12.matterv.事关紧要；有重大影响

13.confidentadj.自信的；有自信心的

14.sensen.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识

15.eliminate?v.排除；清除；消除

eliminateallgrammaticalmistakes

beeliminatedinthefirstround

16.disempower?v.剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量

注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+power

en-/em-常见的动词前缀，如：enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge等。

empowerv.授权，赋予权利

17.self-esteemn.自尊（心）

18.limit?v.限制；限定

区分两个名词limit和limitation。

Thereisalimit/arelimitstoone'slife.

Thereisnolimit/arenolimitstoknowledge.

Everyonehashisownlimitations.

19.infinite?adj.极大的；无法衡量的

相关词：finite,finitely,infinitely

20.stiflev.压制；扼杀；阻止

21.creativity?n.创造力

相关词：create,creation,creator,creative,creatively

22.internaladj.内心的；头脑中的

23.insignificant?adj.微不足道的；无足轻重的

相关词：significant,significance,significantly,insignificance

24.commonlyadv.通常；常常

25.alternative?n.可供选择的事物，替代物

havenoalternativebuttodosth.

Isthereanyalternativetogoingtothecinema

26.fabulousadj.极好的；绝妙的

PhrasesandExpressions1.carryout完成（任务）

2.beupto取决于

3.haveanimpacton/upon对…产生巨大影响

4.rub…out用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）

5.beincontrolof掌管；管理；控制II.TextLearningTheLanguageofConfidence1Thelanguageweuse?programs?ourbrains.Masteringourlanguagegivesusagreatdegreeof?mastery?overourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguage?inthebestwaypossible?inorderto?dramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.

2Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonour?subconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoesn'treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.?(1)Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.

"Try"

3Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,"I'lltrytodothat"youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobe?puttingtheirwholeheartinto?it,andmaynotevendoitatall.?(2)HowoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyouDoyousay"I'lltrytobemoreconfident"or"I'lltrytodothat"or"I'lltrytocall"

4Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,?"I'lltryto?…"?andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,"Iwilldo…"andseehowyoufeel.

5?(3)Thelatter?makesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit?Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoundyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrynoticeifitgetsdoneornot.?Eliminatethewordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.（承上句）

本部分重点及难点：1.Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。

(1)carryoutcommands执行命令

(2)beuptosb.取决于某人

例如：It'suptoyouwhetherwegothereornot.

2.Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou

matterv.beimportant

例如：Aslongasstaffaresmart,itdoesnotmatterhowlongtheirhairis.员工只要聪明，头发留多长没什么关系。

Itmattersalotwhetheryoucometomybirthdaypartyornot.

3.Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit

theformer…thelatter…"Can't"

6Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfeelweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem.?(4)Itlimitsour?infinite?abilitiesandstiflescreativity.?Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionary?and?replaceitwithsomethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.

本部分重点及难点：4.Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.

(1)infinite的词根是finite，其它相关词：finitely,infinitely,finiteness/finity,infiniteness/infinity。

(2)creativity的词根是create。注意区分两个名词：creation/creativity。请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！

【单选题】3.选择括号内所