1994年考研英语试题及答案

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI

StructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneath

each

of

the

following

sentences,

there

are

four

choices

marked[A],

[B],[C]

and

[D].

Choose

the

one

that

best

completes

the

sentence.Mark

your

answer

on

the

ANSWER

SHEET

1

by

blackening

the

correspondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)1.

By

the

time

you

arrive

in

London,

we

________

in

Europe

for

two

weeks.[A]shallstay[B]havestayed[C]willhavestayed[D]havebeenstaying2.

I

appreciated

________

the

opportunity

to

study

abroad

two

years

ago.[A]havingbeengiven[B]havinggiven[C]tohavebeengiven[D]tohavegiven3.

Living

in

the

central

Australian

desert

has

its

problems,

________obtainingwaterisnottheleast.[A]ofwhich[B]forwhat[C]as[D]whose4.

The

heart

is

________

intelligent

than

the

stomach,

for

they

are

bothcontrolledbythebrain.[A]notso[B]notmuch[C]muchmore[D]nomore5.

________

the

fact

that

his

initial

experiments

had

failed,

Prof.

Whitepersistedinhisresearch.[A]Becauseof[B]Asto[C]Inspiteof[D]Inviewof6.

Jean

Wagner’s

most

enduring

contribution

to

the

study

of

Afro-American

poetry

is

his

insistence

that

it

________

in

a

religious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.[A]istobeanalyzed[B]hasbeenanalyzed[C]beanalyzed[D]shouldhavebeenanalyzed7.

The

millions

of

calculations

involved,

had

they

been

done

by

hand,________allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.[A]couldlose[B]wouldhavelost[C]mightlose[D]oughttohavelost8.

No

bread

eaten

by

man

is

so

sweet

as

________

earned

by

his

own

labour.[A]one[B]that[C]such[D]what9.

It

isn’t

cold

enough

for

there

________

a

frost

tonight,

so

I

canleaveJim’scaroutquitesafely.[A]wouldbe[B]being[C]was[D]tobe10.Scientists

generally

agree

that

the

Earth’s

climate

will

warm

up

overthe

next

50

to

100

years

________

it

has

warmed

in

the

20,000

yearssincetheIceAge.[A]aslongas[B]asmuchas[C]assoonas[D]aswellasPartBDirections:Each

of

the

following

sentences

has

four

underlined

parts

marked

[A],[B],[C]

and

[D].

Identify

the

part

of

the

sentence

that

is

incorrect

andmark

your

answer

on

the

ANSWER

SHEET

1

by

blackening

the

correspondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)11.Similar

elements

in

the

prehistoric

remainsfrom

both

areas

suggestABthat

Indians

and

their

neighbours

had

maintaineddistant

but

realCconnections

everbefore1500B.C.D12.It

soon

became

obviouslythat

instead

of

being

trainedto

sing

sheABwouldbetrained

astheastronomer’sassistant.CD13.He

also

conceivedthat

the

solar

system

and

the

universe

would

comeABintoexistence

byanaturalprocessand

would

disappearoneday.CD14.The

moon

has

a

mass

that

is

nearly

one

hundred

times

lessthanAthe

earth;

in

consequence,the

force

ofgravity

at

the

moon’sBCDsurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth’ssurface.15.“The

Bunsen

burner

issonamed

because

itis

thoughtto

be

inventedABCbyRobertBunsen,whowasGermanbybirth.D16.

Much

althoughI

have

traveled,

I

have

never

seen

anyone

to

equalherABinthoroughness,

whateverthe

job.CD17.The

weedsandtallgrassinthatyard

makesthehouse

lookasifitABChad

been

vacantforquitesometime.D18.

If

onlythe

nature

of

the

aging

process

isbetter

understood,

theABpossibility

of

discoveringa

medicine

that

can

block

the

fundamentalCprocessofaging

seemsveryremote.D19.When

I

consider

how

talented

he

isas

a

painter,

I

cannot

helpABbut

believingthat

the

publicwillappreciatehisgift.CD20.Allen

has

statedthat

he

has

always

hada

great

interestandABCadmiration

fortheworkoftheBritisheconomistKeynes.DPartCDirections:Beneath

each

of

the

following

sentences,

there

are

four

choices

marked[A],

[B],

[C]

and

[D].

Choose

the

one

that

best

completes

the

sentence.Mark

your

answer

on

ANSWER

SHEET

1

by

blackening

the

corresponding

letterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)21.Please

do

not

be

________

by

his

bad

manners

since

he

is

merely

tryingtoattractattention.[A]disregarded[B]distorted[C]irritated[D]intervened22.Craig

assured

his

boss

that

he

would

________

all

his

energies

in

doingthisnewjob.[A]callforth[B]callat[C]callon[D]calloff23.Too

much

________

to

X-rays

can

cause

skin

burns,

cancer

or

otherdamagetothebody.[A]disclosure[B]exhibition[C]contact[D]exposure24.When

confronted

with

such

questions,

my

mind

goes

________,

and

I

canhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.[A]dim[B]blank[C]faint[D]vain25.It

is

well

known

that

knowledge

is

that

________

condition

forexpansionofmind.[A]incompatible[B]incredible[C]indefinite[D]indispensable26.More

than

two

hundred

years

ago

the

United

States

________

from

theBritishEmpireandbecomeanindependentcountry.[A]gotoff[B]pulleddown[C]brokeaway[D]droppedoff27.Care

should

be

taken

to

decrease

the

length

of

time

that

one

is________loudcontinuousnoise.[A]subjectedto[B]filledwith[C]associatedwith[D]attachedto28.Some

of

the

most

important

concepts

in

physics

________

their

successtothesemathematicalsystems.[A]oblige[B]owe[C]contribute[D]attribute29.As

your

instructor

advised,

you

ought

to

spend

your

time

on

something________researchinginto.[A]precious[B]worth[C]worthy[D]valuable30.As

a

defense

against

air-pollution

damage,

many

plants

and

animals________asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.[A]relieve[B]release[C]dismiss[D]discard31.Without

the

friction

between

their

feet

and

the

ground,

people

would________beabletowalk.[A]innotime[B]byallmeans[C]innoway[D]onanyaccount32.While

typing,

Helen

has

a

habit

of

stopping

________

to

give

her

longandflowinghairasmooth.[A]occasionally[B]simultaneously[C]eventually[D]promptly33.One

reason

for

the

successes

of

Asian

immigrants

in

the

U.S.

is

thattheyhavetakengreat________toeducatetheirchildren.[A]efforts[B]pains[C]attempts[D]endeavours34.If

any

man

here

does

not

agree

with

me,

he

should

________

his

ownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.[A]puton[B]putout[C]putin[D]putforward35.I

support

your

decision,

but

I

should

also

make

it

clear

that

I

amnotgoingtobe________toit.[A]connected[B]fastened[C]bound[D]stuck36.The

English

language

contains

a(n)

________

of

words

which

arecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.[A]altitude[B]latitude[C]multitude[D]attitude37.In

my

opinion,

you

can

widen

the

________

of

these

improvementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.[A]dimension[B]volume[C]magnitude[D]scope38.Your

improper

words

will

give

________

to

doubts

concerning

your

trueintentions.[A]rise[B]reason[C]suspicion[D]impulse39.The

news

item

about

the

fire

is

followed

by

a

detailed

report

made________.[A]onthespot[B]onthesite[C]onthelocation[D]ontheground40.The

remarkable

________

of

life

on

the

Galapagos

Islands

inspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.[A]classification[B]variety[C]density[D]diversionSectionII

ClozeTestDirections:For

each

numbered

blank

in

the

following

passage,

there

are

four

choicesmarked

[A],

[B],

[C]

and

[D].

Choose

the

best

one

and

mark

your

answeron

ANSWER

SHEET

1

by

blackening

the

corresponding

letter

in

the

bracketswithapencil.(10points)The

first

and

smallest

unit

that

can

be

discussed

in

relation

tolanguage

is

the

word.

In

speaking,

the

choice

of

words

is

41

the

utmostimportance.

Proper

selection

will

eliminate

one

source

of

42breakdown

in

the

communication

cycle.

Too

often,

careless

use

of

words43

a

meeting

of

the

minds

of

the

speaker

and

listener.

The

words

usedby

the

speaker

may

44

unfavorable

reactions

in

the

listener

45interfere

with

his

comprehension;

hence,

the

transmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.46

,

inaccurate

or

indefinite

words

may

make

47

difficult

forthe

listener

to

understand

the

48

which

is

being

transmitted

to

him.The

speaker

who

does

not

have

specific

words

in

his

working

vocabularymay

be

49

to

explain

or

describe

in

a

50

that

can

be

understoodbyhislisteners.41.[A]of[B]at[C]for[D]on42.[A]inaccessible[B]timely[C]likely[D]invalid43.[A]encourages[B]prevents[C]destroys[D]offers44.[A]passout[B]takeaway[C]backup[D]stirup45.[A]who[B]as[C]which[D]what46.[A]Moreover[B]However[C]Preliminarily[D]Unexpectedly47.[A]that[B]it[C]so[D]this48.[A]speech[B]sense[C]message[D]meaning49.[A]obscure[B]difficult[C]impossible[D]unable50.[A]case[B]means[C]method[D]waySectionIII

ReadingComprehensionDirections:Each

of

the

passages

below

is

followed

by

some

questions.

For

each

questionthere

are

four

answers

marked

[A],

[B],

[C]

and

[D].

Read

the

passagescarefully

and

choose

the

best

answer

to

each

of

the

questions.

Then

markyour

answer

on

ANSWER

SHEET

1

by

blackening

the

corresponding

letter

inthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Text1The

American

economic

system

is

organized

around

a

basically

private-enterprise,

market-oriented

economy

in

which

consumers

largely

determinewhat

shall

be

produced

by

spending

their

money

in

the

marketplace

for

thosegoods

and

services

that

they

want

most.

Private

businessmen,

striving

tomake

profits,

produce

these

goods

and

services

in

competition

with

otherbusinessmen;and

the

profit

motive,

operating

under

competitivepressures,

largely

determines

how

these

goods

and

services

are

produced.Thus,

in

the

American

economic

system

it

is

the

demand

of

individualconsumers,

coupled

with

the

desire

of

businessmen

to

maximize

profits

andthe

desire

of

individuals

to

maximize

their

incomes,

that

togetherdetermine

what

shall

be

produced

and

how

resources

are

used

to

produceit.An

important

factor

in

a

market-oriented

economy

is

the

mechanism

bywhich

consumer

demands

can

be

expressed

and

responded

to

by

producers.In

the

American

economy,

this

mechanism

is

provided

by

a

price

system,a

process

in

which

prices

rise

and

fall

in

response

to

relative

demandsof

consumers

and

supplies

offered

by

seller-producers.

If

the

product

isin

short

supply

relative

to

the

demand,

the

price

will

be

bid

up

and

someconsumers

will

be

eliminated

from

the

market.

If,

on

the

other

hand,producing

more

of

a

commodity

results

in

reducing

its

cost,

this

will

tendto

increase

the

supply

offered

by

seller-producers,

which

in

turn

willlower

the

price

and

permit

more

consumers

to

buy

the

product.

Thus,

priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.The

important

factor

in

a

private-enterprise

economy

is

thatindividuals

are

allowed

to

own

productive

resources

(private

property),and

they

are

permitted

to

hire

labor,

gain

control

over

natural

resources,and

produce

goods

and

services

for

sale

at

a

profit.

In

the

Americaneconomy,

the

concept

of

private

property

embraces

not

only

the

ownershipof

productive

resources

but

also

certain

rights,

including

the

right

todetermine

the

price

of

a

product

or

to

make

a

free

contract

with

anotherprivateindividual.51.In

Line

8,

Paragraph

1,

“the

desire

of

individuals

to

maximize

theirincomes”means________.[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased[D]

Americans

want

to

increase

the

purchasing

power

of

their

incomes52.The

first

two

sentences

in

the

second

paragraph

tell

us

that

________.[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices53.According

to

the

passage,

a

private-enterprise

economy

ischaracterizedby________.[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol[C]ownershipofproductiveresources[D]freecontractsandprices54.Thepassageismainlyabout________.[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsText2One

hundred

and

thirteen

million

Americans

have

at

least

one

bank-issued

credit

card.

They

give

their

owners

automatic

credit

in

stores,restaurants,

and

hotels,

at

home,

across

the

country,

and

even

abroad,and

they

make

many

banking

services

available

as

well.

More

and

moreofthese

credit

cards

can

be

read

automatically,

making

it

possible

towithdraw

or

deposit

money

in

scattered

locations,

whether

or

not

the

localbranch

bank

is

open.

For

many

of

us

the

“cashless

society”

is

not

onthehorizon--it’salreadyhere.While

computers

offer

these

conveniences

to

consumers,

they

have

manyadvantages

for

sellers

too.

Electronic

cash

registers

can

do

much

morethan

simply

ring

up

sales.

They

can

keep

a

wide

range

of

records,

includingwho

sold

what,

when,

and

to

whom.

This

information

allows

businessmen

tokeep

track

of

their

list

of

goods

by

showing

which

items

are

being

soldand

how

fast

they

are

moving.

Decisions

to

reorder

or

return

goods

tosuppliers

can

then

be

made.

At

the

same

time

these

computers

record

whichhours

are

busiest

and

which

employees

are

the

most

efficient,

allowingpersonnel

and

staffing

assignments

to

be

made

accordingly.

And

they

alsoidentify

preferred

customers

for

promotional

campaigns.

Computers

arerelied

on

by

manufacturers

for

similar

reasons.

Computer-analyzedmarketing

reports

can

help

to

decide

which

products

to

emphasize

now,which

to

develop

for

the

future,

and

which

to

drop.

Computers

keep

trackof

goods

in

stock,

of

raw

materials

on

hand,

and

even

of

the

productionprocessitself.Numerous

other

commercial

enterprises,

from

theaters

to

magazinepublishers,

from

gas

and

electric

utilities

to

milk

processors,

bringbetter

and

more

efficient

services

to

consumers

through

the

use

ofcomputers.55.According

to

the

passage,

the

credit

card

enables

its

owner

to________.[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto56.From

the

last

sentence

of

the

first

paragraph

we

learn

that

________.[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore57.The

phrase

“ring

up

sales”

(Line

3,

Para.

2)

most

probably

means“________”.[A]makeanorderofgoods[B]recordsalesonacashregister[C]callthesalesmanager[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.Text3Exceptional

children

are

different

in

some

significant

way

fromothers

of

the

same

age.

For

these

children

to

develop

to

their

full

adultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.Although

we

focus

on

the

needs

of

exceptional

children,

we

findourselves

describing

their

environment

as

well.

While

the

leading

actoron

the

stage

captures

our

attention,

we

are

aware

of

the

importance

ofthe

supporting

players

and

the

scenery

of

the

play

itself.

Both

the

familyandthe

society

in

which

exceptional

children

live

are

often

the

key

totheir

growth

and

development.And

it

is

in

the

public

schools

that

we

findthe

full

expression

of

society’s

understanding

--

the

knowledge,

hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.Education

in

any

society

is

a

mirror

of

that

society.

In

that

mirrorwe

can

see

the

strengths,

the

weaknesses,

the

hopes,

the

prejudices,

andthe

central

values

of

the

culture

itself.

The

great

interest

inexceptional

children

shown

in

public

education

over

the

past

three

decadesindicates

the

strong

feeling

in

our

society

that

all

citizens,

whatevertheir

special

conditions,

deserve

the

opportunity

to

fully

develop

theircapabilities.“All

men

are

created

equal.”

We’ve

heard

it

many

times,

but

it

stillhas

important

meaning

for

education

in

a

democratic

society.

Although

thephrase

was

used

by

this

country’s

founders

to

denote

equality

before

thelaw,

it

has

also

been

interpreted

to

mean

equality

of

opportunity.Thatconcept

implies

educational

opportunity

for

all

children

--

the

rightof

each

child

to

receive

help

in

learning

to

the

limits

of

his

or

hercapacity,

whether

that

capacity

be

small

or

great.

Recent

court

decisionshave

confirmed

the

right

of

all

children

--

disabled

or

not

--

to

anappropriate

education,

and

have

ordered

that

public

schools

take

thenecessary

steps

to

provide

that

education.

In

response,

schools

aremodifying

their

programs,

adapting

instruction

to

children

who

areexceptional,

to

those

who

cannot

profit

substantially

from

regularprograms.59.In

Paragraph

2,

the

author

cites

the

example

of

the

leading

actor

onthestagetoshowthat________.[A]

the

growth

of

exceptional

children

has

much

to

do

with

their

familyandthesociety[B]

exceptional

children

are

more

influenced

by

their

families

thannormalchildrenare[C]

exceptional

children

are

the

key

interest

of

the

family

andsociety[D]

the

needs

of

the

society

weigh

much

heavier

than

the

needs

of

theexceptionalchildren60.The

reason

that

the

exceptional

children

receive

so

much

concern

ineducationisthat________.[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotential[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration61.Thispassagemainlydealswith________.[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren62.From

this

passage

we

learn

that

the

educational

concern

forexceptionalchildren________.[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry’sfounders[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisionsText4“I

have

great

confidence

that

by

the

end

of

the

decade

we’ll

knowin

vast

detail

how

cancer

cells

arise,”

says

microbiologist

RobertWeinberg,

an

expert

on

cancer.

“But,”

he

cautions,

“some

people

havethe

idea

that

once

one

understands

the

causes,

the

cure

will

rapidlyfollow.Consider

Pasteur,he

discovered

the

causes

of

many

kinds

ofinfections,

but

it

was

fifty

or

sixty

years

before

cures

were

available.”This

year,

50

percent

of

the

910,000

people

who

suffer

from

cancerwill

survive

at

least

five

years.

In

the

year

2000,

the

National

CancerInstitute

estimates,

that

figure

will

be

75

percent.For

some

skin

cancers,the

five-year

survival

rate

is

as

high

as

90

percent.

But

other

survivalstatistics

are

still

discouraging

--

13

percent

for

lung

cancer,

and

2percentforcancerofthepancreas(胰腺).With

as

many

as

120

varieties

in

existence,

discovering

how

cancerworks

is

not

easy.

The

researchers

made

great

progress

in

the

early

1970s,when

they

discovered

that

oncogenes,

which

are

cancer-causing

genes

(基因),

are

inactive

in

normal

cells.

Anything

from

cosmic

rays

to

radiationto

diet

may

activate

a

dormant

oncogene,

but

how

remains

unknown.

Ifseveral

oncogenes

are

driven

into

action,

the

cell,

unable

to

turn

themoff,becomescancerous.The

exact

mechanisms

involved

are

still

mysterious,

but

thelikelihood

that

many

cancers

are

initiated

at

the

level

of

genes

suggeststhat

we

will

never

prevent

all

cancers.

“Changes

are

a

normal

part

ofthe

evolutionary

process,”

says

oncologist

William

Hayward.Environmental

factors

can

never

be

totally

eliminated;

as

Hayward

pointsout,“Wecan’tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.”Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.“First,

we

need

to

understand

how

the

normal

cell

controls

itself.Second,

we

have

to

determine

whether

there

are

a

limited

number

of

genesin

cells

which

are

always

responsible

for

at

least

part

of

the

trouble.If

we

can

understand

how

cancer

works,

we

can

counteract

its

action.”63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto________.[A]

predict

that

the

secret

of

cancer

will

be

disclosed

in

a

decade[B]indicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebright[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears[D]

warn

that

there

is

still

a

long

way

to

go

before

cancer

can

beconquered64.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,________.[A]

there

will

be

a

drastic

rise

in

the

five-year

survival

rate

ofskin-cancerpatients[B]

90

percent

of

the

skin-cancer

patients

today

will

still

be

living[C]

the

survival

statistics

will

be

fairly

even

among

patients

withvariouscancers[D]

there

won’

t

be

a

drastic

increase

of

survival

rate

of

all

cancerpatients65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes________.[A]thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson[B]whichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotactivated[C]thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells[D]whichnormalcellscan’tturnoff66.The

word

“dormant”

in

the

third

paragraph

most

probably

means________.[A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive[D]potentialText5Discoveries

in

science

and

technology

are

thought

by

“untaughtminds”

to

come

in

blinding

flashes

or

as

the

result

of

dramatic

accidents.Sir

Alexander

Fleming

did

not,

as

legend

would

have

it,

look

at

the

mold(霉)

on

a

piece

of

cheese

and

get

the

idea

for

penicillin

there

and

then.Heexperimented

with

antibacterial

substances

for

nine

years

before

he

madehis

discovery.

Inventions

and

innovations

almost

always

come

out

oflaborious

trial

and

error.

Innovation

is

like

soccer;

even

the

bestplayers

miss

the

goal

and

have

their

shots

blocked

much

more

frequentlythantheyscore.The

point

is

that

the

players

who

score

most

are

the

ones

who

takemost

shots

at

the

goal

--

and

so

it

goes

with

innovation

in

any

field

ofactivity.

The

prime

difference

between

innovators

and

others

is

one

ofapproach.

Everybody

gets

ideas,

but

innovators

work

consciously

ontheirs,

and

they

follow

them

through

until

they

prove

practicable

orotherwise.

What

ordinary

people

see

as

fanciful

abstractions,profession