高考英语 阅读理解之词义猜测题

阅读理解（词义猜测题）刷大题、提能力1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）Ontheoutside,12-year-oldLunaseemslikeyouraveragekid.It'snotuntilyougettoknowherthatyoulearnthatLunaisanythingbutaverage.Bomwithaheartdefect(缺陷)calleddextrocardia,Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.ButwhenLunawasapproachedbyathleticshoecompanySauconytodesignashoeforsaleacrossthecountry,itcameasquiteasurprise.“Thisissoincredible.IgottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnewthatI'dneverthoughtI'dbeabletodesign,“Lunasaid.SheisoneofsixpatientsfromBostonChildren'sHospital(BCH)whohavepartneredwithSauconytodesigntheirownshoetolaunchtheShoeswithSoulcampaign.“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldnotonlyraisemoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatBCH,“saysChris,Saucony'svicepresident.“Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.”Luna'sdesignisfashion.uOnthetongue,theydigitalizedoneofmydrawings,andthenonbottomit'sareallybrightpinkcolor,andontheinside,thesoleoftheshoeisactuallyanotherdrawingIdidofasunset,“shesaid."Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.Itblowsmymind.”TheincomefromtheshoesaleswillbenefittheBostonChildren'sHospitalCardiacFitnessProgram,whichencourageskidsto“findyourpossible"throughpersonalizedexerciseprogramstailoredforeachindividualpatient'sheartcondition.“Itfeelsreallygoodtohelppeopleandit'sreallysomethingIcanrelateto,“saysLuna.“TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.Therearealotofkidsouttherewithyourconditionandyou'renotalone.”1．WhatcanwelearnfromChris'words?A．It'sunwisetoraisemoney.B．It'soptionaltoseekdonations.C．It'swonderfultostudyart.D．It'snecessarytoshowkids'talents.2．WhatdoesLunameanby“Itblowsmymind"inparagraph5?A．I'moverjoyed. B．['mveryserious.C．Mymindgoesblank. D．Mymindisracing.3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLuna?A．Giftedanddetermined. B．Generousandserious.C．Gratefulandhelpful. D．Creativeandsensitive.4．Whatisthetextmainlyintendedtodo?A．Tellusastoryofadisabledgirl.B．Setagoodexampletothedisabled.C．LaunchSaucony'snewbrandshoes.D．Introduceacampaignwithkidpatients.【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个有着先天性心脏缺损的12岁孩子Luna没有选择放弃，而是与Saucony公司合作，用自己的艺术天赋和坚持，设计出了自己的鞋子，发起“Shoeswithsoul（有灵魂的鞋子）”活动，最终通过这项活动来帮助其他患有心脏疾病的人。1．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldnotonlyraisemoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatBCH”（不仅仅是捐款，我们想创造一种体验和时刻，不仅是为了筹集资金，也是为了让人们意识到BCH正在做的所有了不起的工作）和“Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.”（特别地，我们想给BCH的孩子们一个机会，与世界分享他们的故事和他们的才能。）可知，展示孩子的才能是必要的。故选D。2．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段Luna的话“Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.”（想到世界各地的孩子都穿着我的鞋，真是太棒了。）可找到关键词amazing，表示“惊人的，了不起的”，可知，Luna觉得若是每个孩子都能穿上她设计的鞋子，是一件令她高兴惊喜的事。因此推断“Itblowsmymind”表明Luna是极为高兴的。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的“continuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion”（继续追求她在艺术和时尚方面的兴趣）、第三段的“Igottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnew”（我开始用我的艺术和创造力去做一些新的事情）以及第四段的“sharetheirstoryandtheirtalents”（分享他们的故事和他们的天赋）可以看出Luna是有才华，有天赋的（talented/gifted），又根据文章第二段“Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.”（Luna做过三次心脏手术，并继续追求她对艺术和时尚的兴趣。）以及最后一段“TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.”（我给孩子或像我这样的人的建议是永远不要放弃。）可以看出Luna是意志坚定的（determined）。故选A。4．主旨大意题。全文围绕“Luna是如何参与到这个活动的？”“这个活动是什么内容？”“活动的目的是什么？”以及“活动有什么重要意义？”“Luna想通过这个活动传递什么？”来讲述。因此推断D项：Introduceacampaignwithkidpatients.（介绍一项针对儿童患者的活动）是文章的目的。故选D。2.（2023·吉林长春·高三阶段练习）Haveyoueverbeenfacedwithtryingtostaypositivewhenothersaroundyouarenegative?Anegativepersoncanbringyoudownandthrowyourpositiveplansoutofthewindow.Whetheryoudealwithafamilymember,friendorco-workerwhoisnegative,therearethingsyoucandotoremainpositiveinthefaceofnegativity?Whateveryoudo,don’targuewithanegativeperson.Arguingonlyaddsfueltothefire.Ihavenoticedwhenmychildrenarecrabby,itisbesttoavoidtryingtoconvincethemtoanalyzeandadjusttheirattitude.AssoonasItaketheapproachofbeinginoppositiontothem,thesituationgetsworsebeforeitgetsbetter.Sometimesthebestthingtodoisremainsilentandletnegativitypass.Youknowhowdifficultitcanbetogiveloveandpositiveattentiontonegativepeople.Unfortunately,thatisoftenexactlywhattheyneed.Anegativepersonisusuallyafraidheisunlovable.Howdoyoushowlovewhensomeoneisnegative?Youmustlistentowhatheistryingtotellyou.Acknowledgethefeelingshehasbysayingsomethinglike,“Yousoundveryangryrightnow.”Howmightyouhelpanegativeperson?Offerahugevenifyougetrejected.Anegativepersonoftenhasdifficultyacceptinglovefromothers.Ifyouhavenegativepeopleonyourlifewhoareaffectingyourmentalandphysicalhealth,youneedtodecidewhetherornotyouwantthesepeopleinyourlife.Somepeoplearesonegativethatyouhavenootherchoicebuttoremovethemfromyourlife.However,somepeople,suchasyourchildren,aredifficulttoremovefromyourlife,inthiscase,professionalcounseling(咨询)maybetheanswer.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crabby”inPara.2mean?A．Quiteexcited. B．Verylonely.C．Easilyannoyed. D．Highlyoptimistic.6．What’sthemainideaofPara.3?A．Negativepeopleneedcare.B．Negativepeoplemakeushappy..C．Negativepeoplecanbehurteasily.D．Negativepeoplearehardtogetalongwith.7．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoing?A．Focusingonpositivethings.B．Tryingtochangenegativethoughts.C．Controllingourownnegativethoughts.D．Stayingawayfromsomenegativepeople.8．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?A．Health B．RelationshipsC．Lifestyles D．Entertainment.【答案】5．C6．A7．D8．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者建议“远离一些消极的人。”当你周围的人都很消极的时候，你有没有试着保持积极?一个消极的人会把你打倒，把你的积极计划扔出窗外。无论你面对的是消极的家人、朋友还是同事，你都可以做些事情来保持积极的心态。5．词义猜测题。根据上文Whateveryoudo,don’targuewithanegativeperson.Arguingonlyaddsfueltothefire.可知，不管你做什么，不要和消极的人争论。争论只会添油加醋。因此推断划线句意：Ihavenoticedwhenmychildrenarecrabby,itisbesttoavoidtryingtoconvincethemtoanalyzeandadjusttheirattitude.（我注意到，当我的孩子脾气暴躁时，最好不要试图说服他们去分析和调整自己的态度。）由此推知划线词的意思是“很容易生气”。故选C。6．主旨大意题。根据第三段中Youknowhowdifficultitcanbetogiveloveandpositiveattentiontonegativepeople.Unfortunately,thatisoftenexactlywhattheyneed.（你知道给予消极的人爱和积极的关注是多么困难。不幸的是，这往往正是他们所需要的。）可知第三段讲述的是“消极的人需要关心。”故选A。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Somepeoplearesonegativethatyouhavenootherchoicebuttoremovethemfromyourlife.（有些人是如此消极，以至于你别无选择，只能把他们从你的生活中移除。）可知，作者建议“远离一些消极的人。”故选D。8．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲了如果你周围有一些消极的人，面对他们消极的态度，你如何保持积极的心态，怎样去对待他们。我们最可能在杂志的“人际关系”栏目阅读这篇文章。故选B。3.（2023·海南省直辖县级·统考一模）GPShascompletelytransformedhowwegetaround.Butotheranimalshavelonghadtheirnavigation(领航)systemsbuiltrightin.“Weknowtheireyesarequitesensitivetopolarized(偏振的)lightandtheskyhasaparticularpatternofpolarizedlightrelativetothepositionofthesun,”BarbaraWebb,aresearcherattheUniversityofEdinburgh,says.Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-thelightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.Webbsaystheinsectshavepolarizationlikethatbuiltintotheirmanyeyes.“Youcanthinkofitashavinglotsofsunglassespointingindifferentdirections.”ButWebbwascuriouswhetherthere’sreallyenoughinformationintheskytogiveinsectsanaccuratesenseofdirection.Soherteambuiltasensor(传感器)modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeanttosimulatethesky.Theythenputthatsensorintoamodelmeanttomodelthebrainsofdesertantsandotherinsects.Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects’sensingandprocessingequipment,theycanlikelysensedirectiondowntojustacoupledegreesoferror.Asystembasedonthatofinsectscouldsomedaybeacheap,low-energychoicetoGPS.Insectshaveverytinybrains.Abrainthesizeofapinheadthat’susinghardlyanyenergy.Andyetthey’restillabletonavigatebetterthanwecanwithGPS,whichissurprising.Webbisnowworkingonbuildingarobotthatcanuselighttogetitsdirections.9．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．GPSisnotaccurateenough.B．Insectshavebettereyesthanhumans.C．Lightchangespassingthroughpolarizedsunglasses.D．Insectshavetinybrainsthatusenoenergy.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simulate”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Pretend. B．Cover.C．Block. D．See.11．WhatdidWebb’sresearchfind?A．Insectscan’tfindtheirwaysduringnights.B．Insectscanfinddirectionswithlittlemistakes.C．Insectsalwaysmakemistakesfindingdirections.D．Insectshavesensingandprocessingequipmentintheireyes.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeinsects’navigationability?A．Disappointing. B．Interesting.C．Amazing. D．Confusing.【答案】9．C10．A11．B12．C【分析】本文是说明文。文章告诉我们，研究发现昆虫拥有与生俱来的导航能力。9．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-thelightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.”可知当把一副偏振光太阳镜放在太阳底下旋转的时候，你就能亲眼看到偏振光了。光穿过偏振玻璃的时候会发生改变。选项C意为“光线在穿过偏振玻璃的时候会发生改变。”符合文意。故选C项。10．词义猜测题。文章第四段“Soherteambuiltasensor(传感器)modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeanttosimulatethesky.”可知，她的团队模拟沙漠蚂蚁的眼睛制作了传感器，然后把它放到人造光下。人造光是来模拟天空的。本段Webb在模拟天空和沙漠蚂蚁的大脑来研究天空是如何给予昆虫方向感的。本段一直出现的词是model即模拟。可推断这里把人造光源当做天空。A项意为“假装”，符合文意。故选A项。11．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects’sensingandprocessingequipment,theycanlikelysensedirectiondowntojustacoupledegreesoferror.”可知他们发现昆虫通过自己的感知和处理设备，可以很好的识别方向且误差还比较小。B项意为“昆虫可以找到方向且很少有误差。”符合文意。故选B项。12．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Andyetthey’restillabletonavigatebetterthanwecanwithGPS,whichissurprising.”可知昆虫的导航能力比我们用GPS的导航能力还要好，这一点让人很惊奇。文章对动物的导航能力是感到惊叹的。C项符合文意。故选C项。4.（2023·甘肃酒泉·统考三模）Someyearsago,Michel-AndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship——butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbecomeclearthattherewasalink.Thewhaleshadbecomedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously.“Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,”recalls(回忆)Andre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalcommunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(盐度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It’salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN’sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.“Theoceanisnotourworld,”commentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“desensitised”inParagraph2mean?A．Stubborn. B．Flexible. C．Dull. D．Friendly.14．What’sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A．Tolowerthespeedofships.B．Toreducethenumberofships.C．Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.D．Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Positive. D．Uncaring.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Agreatexpert. B．Noiseinthesea.C．Animalsinthesea. D．Seaexplorationtechnology.【答案】13．C14．A15．C16．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题。13．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的thenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously可知，鲸鱼被靠近的船只碰撞，因为它们可能是对船只所产生的噪音比较“迟钝”。故可知划线部分单词意思为“迟钝的”。A.Stubborn.固执的；B.Flexible.灵活的；C.Dull.迟钝的；D.Friendly.友好的。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据第五段中的It’salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.（也有可能将船只减速到每小时18公里或更少，这样就不太可能严重伤害鲸鱼。）可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一种解决办法。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.（由于他的工作，我们可以更好地了解海底声音污染的影响。）可知，作者对MichelAndre所做的工作十分认可。故选C。16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题，故B项最符合文章主旨。5.（2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷）WilliamLindesay,renownedGreatWallexpertandconservationist,andhiswifeWuQihavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonsJimmyandTommyauniqueenvironmentforpersonalgrowth.Sunhats,backpacks,sneakersandtrekkingpoles—thesearetheday-to-daymust-havesofthefamily.ThisEast-meets-Westcouplestartedtravelingwhiletheiryoungersonwasstillinnappiesin2003.Mostoftheirtrips,mostofwhicharefarfromthehotspotsrecommendedbytravelguidebooks,seemmorerigorousthanleisurely—heritagestudyintheMongoliandeserts,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbofthreeEnglishsummitsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,uncomfortable,butthere’safeel-goodfactorwhenyoupassatestofsomekind,”Lindesaywroteinthefamily’snewlypublishedtravelmemoirPagesofDiscovery.Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.Childreninthisinternationalfamilydidnothavethesamepressuretoperformonschooltests,buttheyhad“homework”ontheroad.Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores,willpaydividendsinlaterlife.Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersandinfluencedtheirchosenstudyatuniversity.Onereadworldhistory,theotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsoshareaninterestinhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.Theyarenowplanningtofollowintheirfather’sfootstepswithanew4,500-kmhikeontheGreatWall.“Myparentsviewtheworldasabigclassroom,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries,”Jimmysays.17．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheirtripsacrosstheworld?A．Hardandrisky. B．Uniqueyetstressful.C．Challengingandeducational. D．Leisurelyyetrewarding.18．Whatcanweinferaboutthecouplefromthetext?A．Theythinklittleofschooleducation.B．Theybelievetravelprovidesrealeducation.C．Theyasktheirsonstofollowtheircareerpath.D．Theyrequiretheirsonstoperformwellonschooltests.19．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“paydividends”meaninparagraph5?A．Bringadvantages. B．Payaprice.C．Improvescores. D．Makemistakes.20．Whatdoesthefamily’sstorytellus?A．Goodcompanyontheroadistheshortestcut.B．Goodhabitsformedatyouthmakeallthedifference.C．Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.D．Itisbettertotravel10,000milesthantoread10,000books.【答案】17．C18．B19．A20．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了WilliamLindesay是著名的长城专家和自然环境保护主义者，他和妻子带着孩子走遍世界各地，用实际行动践行了“读万卷书不如行万里路”。17．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Mostoftheirtrips,mostofwhicharefarfromthehotspotsrecommendedbytravelguidebooks,seemmorerigorousthanleisurely—heritagestudyintheMongoliandeserts,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbofthreeEnglishsummitsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.(他们的大部分旅行都远离旅游指南推荐的热门景点，似乎比在蒙古沙漠中学习遗产、在新西兰徒步旅行53公里、在英国攀登三座山峰一天以及从北京到莫斯科的六天火车旅行等悠闲的旅行要严格得多)”和第三段中“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,uncomfortable(真正的旅行可能是艰难的、不确定的、不舒服的)”可知，他们的很多旅行是具有挑战性的；根据倒数第二段中“Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersandinfluencedtheirchosenstudyatuniversity.Onereadworldhistory,theotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsoshareaninterestinhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.(这些经历无疑塑造了他们儿子的性格，并影响了他们选择在大学学习。一个读世界历史，另一个读国际关系。这两兄弟还对历史遗迹，尤其是长城很感兴趣)”可知，这些旅行经历对孩子来说有教育意义，故选C。18．推理判断题。根据第四段“Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.(Lindesay非常重视课堂外的学习，他说，孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩，但在遥远的地方，在不同的语言、文字、政治结构和宗教信仰的外部世界的经历，才是真正的试验场)”和第五段中“Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores,willpaydividendsinlaterlife.(Wu让她的儿子们写旅行日记，收集车票，绘制地图，总结旅行小贴士。她说，这样的习惯虽然可能不会直接提高考试成绩，但会在以后的生活中带来好处)”可知，这对夫妇认为旅行能提供真正的教育，故选B。19．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.(Wu让她的儿子们写旅行日记，收集车票，绘制地图，总结旅行小贴士)”可知，Wu让儿子这样做应是对他们有好处，结合画线词所在句中“Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores(她说，这样的习惯虽然可能不会直接提高考试成绩)”中though表达的让步语气可知，此处指这样的习惯虽然可能不会直接提高考试成绩，但会在以后的生活中带来好处，paydividends意为“带来好处”，故选A。20．推理判断题。根据第四段“Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.(Lindesay非常重视课堂外的学习，他说，孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩，但在遥远的地方，在不同的语言、文字、政治结构和宗教信仰的外部世界的经历，才是真正的试验场)”和最后一段中“Myparentsviewtheworldasabigclassroom,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries(我的父母把世界看作一个大教室，我和哥哥是最大的受益者)”可知，Lindesay非常重视课堂外的学习，让孩子们在旅行中受益，故这家人的故事告诉我们“读万卷书不如行万里路”，故选D。6.（2023·四川成都·高三成都七中校考考试）Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陈代谢的)ratesandtooksamples(样品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白质)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰岛素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.21．Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A．digestthemealeasily B．managewithoutbreakfastC．decidewiselywhattoeat D．eatwhateverisoffered22．Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A．Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B．Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C．Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D．Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.23．Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A．Theysuccessfullylostweight. B．Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C．Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D．Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.24．Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A．Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B．Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C．Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D．Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】21．B22．A23．B24．D【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益。21．词句猜测题。根据下文workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据第三段的Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人。故选A。23．细节理解题。根据第六段的Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand.theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量。故选B。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.可知，这些结果的暗示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。故选D。7.（2023·四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）Mymotheralwaystoldme,“Youshouldexploreyourowncountrybeforesteppingoutintotheworld.”However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.MybestfriendsTrevor,JoelandJeremyandIimmediatelyjumpedattheopportunityandsecuredfourticketsonthegreatCanadianrailroad.Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwartsinHarryPotter.Althoughthethoughtofthreefulldaysonthosetrackscoveringcloseto3,000kilometrescrushedourspiritsalittle,whathappenednextcaughtusbysurprise.Thethreedaysonboardturnedintoasummercamponrails.Atnight,wewouldclimbuptheglass-domedtraincar,whichgaveusascenicviewofthestarrynightsky,untouchedbytheharmfullightpollution.Beforeweknewit,thewarmsunraysbeatingdownonourfaceswokeusupforanotherdayontherails.Tomysurprise,aseaofgoldengrainfieldsdominatedthelandscapewewereintheCanadianPrairies.Anotherdayslippedawayandwesetupforanothernightinthedome.Andthistimeweweregreetedbynightskypaintedbyafantasticthunderstorm.Lightningwasstrikingatanincrediblerate.Thespectacularandmemorablelightshowlefteveryoneintheglassbubbleincompletedisbelief.ArrivingintheRockyMountainswasoneofthemostsurrealexperiencesofmylife.Beforethetrainadventure,ifIcouldhaveskippedthetravelandarrivedatthedestination,Iwouldhave.Thatisnolongertrue.I’velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.25．Whathasmadetheauthor’strainadventureacrossCanadaareality?A．Theencouragementgivenbyhismother. B．Theappealofthescenicviewsinthecountry.C．ThediscountticketofferedbyViaRailCanada. D．Hisgreatcouragetochallengeatoughmission.26．WhatcanweinferabouttheyoungpeoplefromParagraph2?A．Theywereexcitedaboutthecomingtrainjourney.B．Theylefttheirparentsforthefirsttimeintheirlife.C．Theyneverthoughtofhavingatrainadventure.D．TheywerehookedbythemagicstoryofHarryPotter.27．Whatdoes“theglassbubble”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Abraininlackofimagination. B．Theglass-domedtraincar.C．Asummercamponthetrain. D．Thesightseeingbus.28．WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromthetrainadventureacrossCanada?A．Opportunitiesarehardtoget. B．Enjoyingajourneycountsalot.C．Splendidsceneryattractsyoungpeople. D．Thetravelingexperienceisnotrealtohim.【答案】25．C26．A27．B28．B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者和朋友乘坐火车穿越加拿大的经历，描述了他们在路途中的所见所闻和感受。25．细节理解题。根据第一段中However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.可知然而，穿越它广阔的表面似乎是一项艰巨的任务。但对我来说幸运的是，ViaRailCanada为18至25岁的年轻人提供了在7月份乘坐火车穿越加拿大的机会。票价便宜到150美元。由此可知，是加拿大Via铁路公司提供的折扣票让作者穿越加拿大的火车冒险变成了现实。故选C。26．推理判断题。根据第二段中Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwar