（湖北专用）高考英语一轮复习 专题十七 词义猜测

专题十七词义猜测Passage1(湖北,E)体裁:说明文词数:342Formostcitypeople,theelevatorisanunremarkablemachinethatinspiresnoneoftheenthusiasmorinterestthatAmericansaffordtrains,jets,andevenbicycles.Dr.ChristopherWilkisamemberofasmallgroupofelevatorexpertswhoconsiderthisamisunderstanding.Withouttheelevator,theypointout,therecouldbenodowntownskyscrapersortallbuildings,andcitylifeasweknowitwouldbeimpossible.Inthatsense,theyargue,theelevatorsroleinAmericanhistoryhasbeennolesssignificantthanthatofcars.Infact,accordingtoWilk,thecarandtheelevatorhavebeenlockedina“secretwar”foroveracentury,withcarsmakingitpossibleforpeopletospreadhorizontally(水平地),andelevatorspushingthemtowardlifeinclosegroupsoftoweringvertical(垂直的)columns.Ifwetendtoignorethesignificanceofelevators,itmightbebecauseridinginthemtendstobesuchabrief,boring,andevenawkwardexperience—onethatcaninvolveunexpectedlymeetingpeoplewithwhomwehavenothingincommon,andanunpleasantawarenessofthefactthatwerehangingfromacableinalongpassage.Inanewbook,Lifted,GermanjournalistandculturalstudiesprofessorAndreasBernarddirectedallhisattentiontothisexperience,studyingtheoriginsofelevatoranditsrelationshiptohumankindandfindingthatridinginanelevatorhasneverbeenatotallycomfortableexperience.“After150years,wearestillnotusedtoit,”Bernardsaid.“Westillhavenotexactlylearnedtocopewiththemixtureofclosenessanddispleasure.”Thatmixture,accordingtoBernard,setstheelevatorrideapartfromjustabouteveryothersituationwefindourselvesinaswegoaboutourlives.Today,astheworldsurbanpopulationexplodes,andcitiesbecomemorecrowded,taller,andmorecrowded,Americastotalnumberofelevators—900,000atlastcount,accordingtoElevatorWorldmagazines“VerticalTransportationIndustry”—areaforcethatsbecomingmoreimportantthanever.Andforthepeoplewhoreally,reallylovethem,itseemslikehightimethatwelookedseriouslyatjustwhatkindofforcetheyare.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A.Theenthusiasmfortransportvehicles.B.Thedesireforaremarkablemachine.C.Theparticularinterestsofexperts.D.Thegeneralviewofelevators.2.Theauthorspurposeinmentioningcarsis.

A.toexplainpeoplespreferenceforelevatorsB.torevealtheirsecretwaragainstelevatorsC.toemphasizetheimportanceofelevatorsD.tocontrasttheirfunctionswithelevators3.AccordingtoProf.Bernard,whathasmadetheelevatorridedifferentfromotherlifeexperiences?A.Uncomfortableconditions.B.Littlephysicalspace.C.Lackofexcitement.D.Verticaldirection.4.Theauthorurgesreaderstoconsider.

A.therelationshipbetweencarsandelevatorsB.theroleofelevatorsincitydevelopmentC.theseriousfuturesituationofelevatorsD.theexactnumberofelevatorlovers答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文。题材为科普知识类。文章主要介绍了电梯在城市发展中所起的巨大作用。1.D2.C3.B4.BPassage2(课标Ⅰ,B)体裁:说明文词数:298Passengerpigeons(旅鸽)onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks(群)solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles(about515kilometers)longwasseennearCincinnati.Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericansneedforwood,whichscattered(驱散)theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.1.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons.

A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons.

A.escape B.ruinC.liberation D.evolution3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.Toseekpleasure. B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney. D.Toprotectcrops.4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.Itwasignoredbythepublic. B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.C.Itwasunfair. D.Itwasstrict.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为环境与自然类。曾几何时在美国蔚蓝的天空飞翔着一种鸟,这种鸟可能是当时美国数量最多的鸟类——旅鸽。但是慢慢地这种鸟的数量急剧减少,人们几乎看不到它们了。发生了什么事?这些鸟去哪儿了呢?1.D2.B3.C4.BPassage3(课标Ⅱ,C)体裁:说明文词数:276Oneofthelatesttrends(趋势)inAmericanchildcareisChineseaupairs.AuPairinStamford,Conn.,forexample,hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestsforChineseaupairsfromzerotoaround4,000since.Andthatstrueallacrossthecountry.“IthoughtitwouldbeveryusefulforhimtolearnChineseatanearlyage,”JosephStocke,themanagingdirectorofacompany,saysofhis2-year-oldson.“Iwouldatleastliketogivehimthechancetousethelanguageinthefuture.”Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredforbya25-year-oldwomanfromChina,theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicChinesedailyexpressions,hisdadsays.LiDrake,aChinesenativeraisingtwochildreninMinnesotawithanAmericanhusband,hadanotherreasonforlookingforanaupairfromChina:Shedidntwantherchildrentomissoutontheirroots.“BecauseIamChinese,myhusbandandIwantedthechildrentokeepexposedto(接触)thelanguageandculture,”shesays.“Stayingwithanativespeakerisbetterforchildrenthansimplysittinginaclassroom,”saysSuzanneFlynn,aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.“Butparentsmustunderstandthatjustoneyearwithanaupairisunlikelytoproducewonders.Completemasterydemandscontinuedlearninguntiltheageof10or12.”ThepopularityofaupairsfromChinahasbeenstrengthenedbytheincreasingnumbersofAmericanparentswhowanttheirchildrentolearnChinese.ItisexpectedthatAmericandemandforaupairswillcontinuetoriseinthenextfewyears.1.Whatdoestheterm“aupair”inthetextmean?A.Amotherraisingherchildrenonherown.B.Achildlearningaforeignlanguageathome.C.Aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.D.Ayoungforeignwomantakingcareofchildren.2.LiDrakehasherchildrenstudyChinesebecauseshewantsthem.

A.toliveinChinasomedayB.tospeakthelanguageathomeC.tocatchupwithotherchildrenD.tolearnabouttheChineseculture3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.LearningChineseisbecomingpopularinAmerica.B.Educatedwomendobetterinlookingafterchildren.C.ChineseaupairsneedtoimprovetheirEnglishskills.D.Childrencanlearnaforeignlanguagewellinsixmonths.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材是社会文化类。在美国开始盛行雇用中国换工互惠生来照看孩子,因为越来越多的父母希望孩子可以尽早学习汉语。1.D2.D3.APassage4(北京,D)体裁:说明文词数:351StoreScent(香味)Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?Theproductsdisplayed(展示)attheentrance?Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?Buthaveyouevernoticedthesmell?Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashopsscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovingtobeanincreasinglypowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customersintentiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinParis,scentisjustasimportanttoabrandssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistantsdisprovingattitudeanddont-touch-what-you-cant-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce(e-commerce)hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores(实体店)canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut(椰子)scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestoreswindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstores?A.Friendlyassistants. B.Uniquescents.C.Softbackgroundmusic. D.Attractivewindowdisplay.2.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto.

A.showtheadvantagesofbricks-and-mortarstoresB.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitudeC.pushstorestousesightsandsoundsD.introducetheriseofe-commerce3.Theunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means.

A.aplatformthatexhibitsgoodsB.aspotwheretravelersliketostayC.aplacewherecustomerslovetogoD.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.compareandevaluate B.examineandassessC.argueanddiscuss D.informandexplain答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为社会文化。文章告诉我们商店都是有它们独特的气味的,这种气味可以让顾客更加喜欢在商店购物。1.B2.A3.C4.DPassage5(湖南,C)体裁:说明文词数:328Thebehaviourofabuildingsusersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissions(排放)by80percentby2050,partofwhichwillbeachievedbyallnewhomesbeingzero-carbonby.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown—thoughextremelyimportant—isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率),whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.“Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,”explainsKatyJanda,aUKERCseniorresearcher,“consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.”Inotherwords,oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home.Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbill-payersdonthavetheknowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergy-usehabits.Withoutspecificinformation,itshardtoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.Feedback(反馈)facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors,couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension(方面),suggestingthatindividualsbehaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted—whetherpeoplethrowopentheirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat(恒温器),forexample.Jandaarguesthateducationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammetoteachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheirownbehaviourinthem.1.Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof.

A.zero-carbonhomesB.thebehaviourofbuildingusersC.sustainablebuildingdesignD.thereductionofcarbonemissions2.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“”.

A.theways B.theirhomesC.developments D.existingefforts3.WhatareKatyJandaswordsmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusershabits.B.Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.C.Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.D.Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.4.Theinformationgapinenergyuse.

A.canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilitiesB.affectsthestudyonenergymonitorsC.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmetersD.willbecausedbybuildingusersoldhabits5.Whatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest?A.Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.B.Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.C.Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.D.Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。现在人们提倡减少碳排放,我们以节能为核心来关注楼房设计的同时,也不能忽视人们是如何使用楼房的。1.B2.D3.A4.A5.CPassage6(福建,B)体裁:说明文词数:409WaltDisneyiscreditedforcreatingsuchwonderfulthingsasDonaldDuckandMickeyMouse.However,hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell-lovedcharacters,suchasCinderellaandSnowWhite.TheyarealmostautomaticallyassociatedwithDisneybecauseDisneyturnedoldfables(寓言)intocartoonmovies.TheoriginalCinderellavariesverymuchfromtheDisneyversionweknowtoday.Itstartedoffwiththegirlmourninghermothersdeathandgoingtohertombthreetimesaday.Inaddition,therewereonlybirdsthathelpedCinderella;therewasnosuchthingasafairygodmotherorhelpfulmice,norwastherementionofahorseandcarriage.Thestepsisterswerecruel:theyalwaysthrewCinderellasfoodintotheashesofthefire,andmadehersleepontheashesonthefloor,hence(因此)hername.Intheoriginalstory,thekingsballactuallylastedforthreedays.Withthehelpofthebirds,thegirl,beautifullydressed,dancedwiththeprinceonallthreenightsandtheprincefellinlovewithher.However,shebrokeawayfromhimtorushbackhomeeachnight.Onthelastnight,theprinceplacedsomethingstickyonthestairs;asCinderellamadeherescape,ashoegotstuckonit.Herenowiswherethestorybecomesunpleasant:whentheprincewenttothehouselookingforthegirlwhosefootfittheshoe,thewicked(邪恶的)stepmothertoldoneofhertwodaughterstocutoffherbigtoetofitintotheshoe.Thedaughterdidastold.Sotheprincetookherawaytobehisbride.But,whentheypassedthetombofCinderellasmother,thebirdscalledouttotheprince,“Turnandpeep,theresbloodwithintheshoe;Theshoeistoosmall,thetruebridewaitsforyou.”Realizinghehadbeentricked,theprincereturnedthedaughtertohermother;theotherthenhadtocutoffpartofherheelinordertofitintotheshoe,withthesameresult.OnlyCinderellasfootfitperfectlyandsotheprincechosetomarryher.Thestoryendswiththeweddingday:asCinderellastwostepsistersfollowedher,pretendingtobedevotedtohersothattheycouldenjoythekingsriches,twobirdsflewbyandplucked(啄)outtheireyes.Becauseoftheirwickednessandfalsehood,theyhadtospendtherestoftheirdaysblind.TheoriginalCinderellaissodifferentfromtheDisneyversion.ThankgoodnessDisneymadesuchchanges;itindeedwasawisemove.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Suchwonderfulthings. B.Otherwell-lovedcharacters.C.Oldfables. D.Cartoonmovies.2.HowdidCinderellagethername?A.Thebirdscameupwithit.B.ItwasgivenbyDisney.C.Itcamefromtheword“ash”.D.Shegotitfromhermother.3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheoriginalstory?A.HelpfulmicegotCinderellaabeautifuldress.B.Theballwasheldtocelebratetheprinceswedding.C.Cinderellalefthershoeonthestairsonpurpose.D.Thebirdstoldtheprincethathehadbeencheated.4.Themoraloftheoriginalstoryisthat.

A.awickedpersoncannotescapepunishmentB.adevotedpersoncertainlydeservesrespectC.awell-behavedchildearnsagreatrewardD.adishonestchildcannotgetmotherlove5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheDisneyversion?A.Excellent. B.Ordinary.C.Dull. D.Ridiculous.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为文学类,介绍了《灰姑娘》的由来。1.B2.C3.D4.A5.APassage7(广东,B)体裁:夹叙夹议词数:342Itwasacoldwinterday.AwomandroveuptotheRainbowBridgetollbooth(收费站).“Impayingformyself,andforthesixcarsbehindme,”shesaidwithasmile,handingoverseventickets.Oneafteranother,thenextsixdriversarrivingatthetollboothwereinformed,“Someladyupaheadalreadypaidyourfare.”Itturnedoutthatthewoman,NatalieSmith,hadreadsomethingonafriendsrefrigerator:“Practicerandomkindnessandsenselessactsofbeauty.”Thephraseimpressedhersomuchthatshecopieditdown.JudyForemanspottedthesamephraseonawarehousewallfarawayfromhome.Whenitstayedonhermindfordays,shegaveupanddroveallthewaybacktocopyitdown.“Ithoughtitwasbeautiful,”shesaid,explainingwhyshedtakentowritingitatthebottomofallherletters,“likeamessagefromabove.”Herhusband,Frank,likedthephrasesomuchthatheputitupontheclassroomwallforhisstudents,oneofwhomwasthedaughterofAliceJohnson,alocalnewsreporter.Aliceputitinthenewspaper,admittingthatthoughshelikedit,shedidntknowwhereitcamefromorwhatitreallymeant.Twodayslater,AlicegotacallfromAnneHerbert,awomanlivinginMarin.ItwasinarestaurantthatAnnewrotethephrasedownonapieceofpaper,afterturningitaroundinhermindfordays.“Herestheidea,”Annesays.“Anythingyouthinkthereshouldbemoreof,doitrandomly.”Herfantasiesincludepaintingtheclassroomsofshabbyschools,leavinghotmealsonkitchentablesinthepoorpartoftown,andgivingmoneysecretlytoaproudoldlady.Annesays,“Kindnesscanbuildonitselfasmuchasviolencecan.”

Theactsofrandomkindnessspread.Ifyouwereoneofthosedriverswhofoundyourfarepaid,whoknowswhatyoumighthavebeeninspiredtodoforsomeoneelselater.Likeallgreatevents,kindnessbeginsslowly,witheverysingleact.Letitbeyours!1.WhydidNatalieSmithpayforthesixcarsbehindher?A.Sheknewthecardriverswell.B.Shewantedtoshowkindness.C.Shehopedtopleaseothers.D.Shehadseventickets.2.JudyForemancopieddownthephrasebecauseshe.

A.thoughtitwasbeautifullywrittenB.wantedtoknowwhatitreallymeantC.decidedtowriteitonawarehousewallD.wantedherhusbandtoputitupintheclassroom3.Whocameupwiththephraseaccordingtothepassage?A.JudyForeman. B.NatalieSmith.C.AliceJohnson. D.AnneHerbert.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentenceabove?A.Kindnessandviolencecanchangetheworld.B.Kindnessandviolencecanaffectonesbehavior.C.Kindnessandviolencecanreproducethemselves.D.Kindnessandviolencecanshapeonescharacter.5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstothoseinneed.B.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytoofferittoothers.C.Peopleshouldpracticerandomkindnesstostrangerstheymeet.D.Peoplewhoreceivekindnessarelikelytopayitbacktothegiver.答案[语篇解读]本文是夹叙夹议文,题材为生活哲理类。文章讲述一位妇女曾在朋友的冰箱上看到一句俗语,从而有感而发。她在收费站为素不相识的其他六名司机支付费用,这个故事告诉我们,勿以善小而不为。1.B2.A3.D4.C5.BPassage8(江西,D)体裁:议论文词数:422Everyonelooksforwardtoprogress,whetherinonespersonallifeorinthegeneralsociety.Progressindicatesapersonsabilitytochangethewayheislivingatthemoment.Progressmustleadtoabetterlifeandabetterwayofdoingthings.Allthese,however,remaintrueonlyinsofaraspeoplewanttoaccepttechnologyandmoveforwardbyfindingnewandmoreefficientwaysofdoingthings.However,atthebackofthemindsofmanypeople,especiallythosewhomissthe“goodolddays”,efficiencycomeswithaprice.Whencommunicationbecomesmoreefficient,peopleareabletocontactoneanothernomatterwheretheyareandatwhatevertimetheywishto.Theclickofabuttonallowspeoplemilesaparttotalkorseeeachotherwithoutevenleavingtheirhomes.Withthecommunicationgadgets,suchasmobilephonesandiPads,peopleoftendonottaketheefforttovisitoneanotherpersonally.Apersonalvisitcarrieswithittheadditionalfeatureofhavingtobeinthepersonspresenceforaslongasthevisitlasts.Wecannotunnecessarilyexcuseourselvesorturntheotherpersonoff.

Withefficiencyalsocomesmassproduction.Suchisthenatureoffactoriesandthesuccessofindustrializationtoday.Factorieshaveimprovedefficiency.Unskillfultasksarelefttomachinesandproductsarebettermadeandproducedwithgreateraccuracythananyhumanhandcouldeverhavedone.However,withtheimprovementsinefficiencyalsocomesthelossofthepersonaltouchwhenmakingtheseproducts.Forexample,manyhandicrafts(手工艺品)arenowproducedinafactory.Althoughthismeansthatsupplyisbetterabletoincreasedemand,nowthatthesupplyisquickandefficient,thedemandmightfallbecausemassproductionlowersthequalityofthehandicraftanditisdifficulttofinduniquedesignsoneachitem.Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.Infact,progresshasallowedtraditiontokeepup.Itisonlywithprogressandtheinventionofnewtechnologythatmanyoldproductscanbebroughtbacktotheiroldstate.Newtechnologyisrequiredforoldproductstostayold.Itispeoplesattitudetowardsprogressthatcausesthetypeofinfluencethattechnologyhasonsociety.Technologyisflexible.Thereisnofixedwayofmakinguseofit.Everythingdependsonpeoplesattitude.Theworsteffectsofprogresswillfallonthosewhoareunabletorethinktheirattitudesandviewsofsociety.Whenweacceptprogressandadaptittosuitourneeds,anew“past”iscreated.1.AccordingtoParagraph1,progresscanbenefitpeoplewhentheyarewillingto.

A.liveabetterlifeB.lookforbettermethodsC.changewaysoflivingD.accepttechnologyandadvancesteadily2.Theunderlinedword“gadgets”isclosestinmeaningto.

A.tools B.messages C.barriers D.skills3.Theauthorexplains“efficiencycomeswithaprice”by.

A.describingaprocessB.usingexamplesC.followingtimeorderD.makingclassification4.Comparedwithhome-madehandicrafts,machine-madeproducts.

A.lackgreataccuracy B.lackthepersonaltouchC.areofhighvalue D.arequitewelcome5.WhatcanbelearnedabouttechnologyfromParagraph4?A.Itcandestroyoldtraditions.B.Itcanleadtosocialprogress.C.Itcanbeusedtocorrectmistakes.D.Itcanbeusedtopreserveoldproducts.6.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Progresscansuittheneedsofdailylife.B.Peoplereviewthepastwithgreatregret.C.Technologyshouldbeintroducedinafixedway.D.Peoplesattitudedecidestheuseoftechnology.答案[语篇解读]本文为议论文,题材为社会生活类。众所周知,人类在追求进步,每个人都向往进步。人们通过找到更新的、更有效的做事方式来接受日新月异的科技,然后稳步前进,这样才能拥有更美好的生活。然而,我们应该从不同角度看待所谓的有效性。人们对进步所持的态度直接决定了科技的利用效果。1.D2.A3.B4.B5.D6.DPassage9(四川,D)体裁:说明文词数:237Witharound100studentsscheduledtobeinthat9amMondaymorninglecture,itisnosurprisethatalmost20peopleactuallymakeittotheclassandonly10ofthemarestillawakeafterthefirst15minutes;itisnotevenasurprisethatmostofthemarestillintheirpyjamas(睡衣).Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule.Allhumanbeingspossessabodyclock.Alongwithotheralerting(警报)systems,thisgovernsthesleep/wakecycleandisthereforeoneofthemainprocesseswhichgovernsleepbehaviour.Typically,thepreferredsleep/wakecycleisdelayedinadolescents,whichleadstomanystudentsnotfeelingsleepyuntilmuchlaterintheevenings.Thistypicalsleeppatternisusuallyreferredtoasthe“nightowl”scheduleofsleep.Thisisopposedtothe“earlybird”schedule,andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.Suchapersonhasgreatdifficultyinwakingupinthemornings.Researchsuggeststhatnightowlsfeelmostalertandfunctionbestintheeveningsandatnight.Researchfindingshaveshownthatabout20percentofpeoplecanbeclassifiedas“nightowls”andonly10percentcanbeclassifiedas“earlybirds”—theother70percentareinthemiddle.Althoughthisisclearlynottrueforallstudents,fortheoneswhoaretruenightowlsthisgivesthemanexcellentexcuseformissingtheirlectureswhichunfortunatelyfallbeforemidday.1.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph1?A.Manystudentsareabsentfromclass.B.StudentsareverytiredonMondaymornings.C.Studentsdonotadjusttheirsleeppatternswell.D.StudentsarenotwellpreparedforclassonMondays.2.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Moststudentsprefertogetuplateinthemorning.B.Studentsdontsleepwellbecauseofalertingsystems.C.Onesbodyclockgovernsthesleep/wakecycleindependently.D.Adolescentsdelayedsleep/wakecycleisntthepreferredpattern.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“classified”?A.Criticised. B.Grouped. C.Organised. D.Named.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Functionsofthebodyclock.B.The“nightowl”phenomenon.C.Humanbeingssleepbehaviour.D.Theschoolscheduleof“earlybirds”.答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。每个人的体内都有一个生物钟,有的人习惯了熬夜,但是他们早上醒来是一件很困难的事情,这叫“夜猫子”型。有的人习惯早睡早起,这叫“早起鸟”型。也有的人属于中间类型。那么你属于哪个类型呢?1.C2.D3.B4.BPassage10(安徽,D)体裁:议论文词数:267Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons—forexample,economic(经济的)reasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyown