2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题及答案

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）真题及答案

（江南博哥）

材料题

根据下面资料，回答1-20题

InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmay

involvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,J^thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoa

matchmaker.Ayoungmancan_2_alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparents

to_3_themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofa

spouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection.4,agirlmayvetothespouseher

parentshavechosen._5_aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheother

tomakesureitschildismarrying_6_agoodfamily.

Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,_7_by

the1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashort

sermonand_8_prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhair

cutting,_9_cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,

and10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestobless

the11.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewife'sparentsandmay12with

themuptoayear,13theycanbuildanewhousenearby.

Divorceislegalandeasyto14_,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15withsome

disapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,and

jointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagender

prejudice19up:Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecan

remarry20thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

1［单选题］第(1)题选_____.

A.aswellas

B.bywayof

C.onbehalfof

D.withregardto

正确答案：A

参考解析：由句意”择偶不仅涉及男方的亲朋好友，同样涉及女方的亲朋好友"

可知前后是并列关系，选项中只有"aswellas"表示并列关系，故选A。

2［单选题］第(2)题选_____.

A.adaptto

B.providefor

C.competewith

D.decideon

正确答案：D

参考解析:根据选项得知空格处需要填谓语动词，空格后面的宾语是"……配偶"，

所以根据动宾搭配的原则，D项"decideon"可以与后面的宾语搭配,构成"选

择配偶"，故选D。

3［单选题］第(3)题选______.

A.renew

B.close

C.arrange

0.postpone

正确答案：C

参考解析：空格处后面的内容是themarriagenegotiation,只能与c项

"arrange"搭配，构成"安排提亲"之意，故选C。

4［单选题］第(4)题选_____.

A.lntheory

B.lntime

C.Aboveall

D.Forexample

正确答案：A

参考解析:根据空格后面的内容，得知女孩可能会否定她的父母为其所选的配偶,

句中的may表示可能性。因此，与原文句子内容表达一致的，只有"Intheory"

(从理论上讲)。

5［单选题］第(5)题选_____.

A.Although

B.Lest

C.After

D.Unless

正确答案：c

参考解析：空格处所在句的前半句是现在完成时，后半句是一般现在时，根据时

态判断，前后内容存在时间上的先后性，所以C项正确。

6［单选题］第(6)题选

A.within

B.into

C.from

D.through

正确答案：B

参考解析：eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildis

marryingagoodfamily意为"每家都会调查另一家，确保自己的孩子娶

到或嫁进一个好家庭"。此处需要填入一个介词与marry构成合理搭配介词into

最合适，故选

Be

7［单选题］第(7)题选_____.

A.since

B.or

C.so

D.but

正确答案：D

参考解析：空格前半句说原来传统婚礼持续三天，后半句说到20世纪80年代

婚礼通常持续一天半，显然前后形成了对比，故选D。

8［单选题］第(8)题选_____.

A.test

B.recite

C.copy

D.create

正确答案：B

参考解析：本句句意为"佛教僧侣会为新人进行简短的布道和诵经以祈福”。

为固定搭配,意为"诵经"，故选

"reciteprayers"Be

9［单选题］第(9)题选____.

A.folding

B.piling

C.wrapping

D.tying

正确答案：D

参考解析：本句句意为"把浸泡在圣水中的棉线绑在新娘和新郎的手腕上"。

folding意为"折叠"，piling意为"堆放"，wrapping意为"包裹"，均不

符合文意，是的一形式，意为"绑，系"，故选

tyingtieingDo

10［单选题］第(10)题选_____.

A.passing

B.lighting

C.hiding

0.serving

正确答案：A

参考解析：andacandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedand

respectedcouplestoblesstheunion意为"在一圈婚姻幸福美满和德高望重

的夫妇中传递一根蜡烛来祝福新人的结合"。根据语境,lighting意为〃点亮"，

hiding意为"隐藏"，serving意为"服务"，均不合适，只能选A项passing

"传递"。

11［单选题］第(11)题选_____.

A.association

B.meeting

C.collection

D.union

正确答案：D

参考解析：该句讲道：围坐在新婚夫妇身边祝福他们的o根据语境可知应

填入联姻的含义，四个选项中可以表示姻亲关系的只有union"团聚，结合"，

为正确答案。meeting意为"会议、会面"，association意为"联合、联盟"，

意为"收集、集合"，均不符合语境，故选

collectionDe

12［单选题］第(12)题选_____.

A.grow

B.part

C.live

D.deal

正确答案：C

参考解析：句意：传统意义上讲，新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们共同居

住长达一年之久。前文讲到新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，后文应保持一致性，

live(with)意为"和……一起生活"，grow意为"成长"，part(with)意为"分

离"，deal(with)意为"处理、应对"，故live为正确答案。

13［单选题］第(13)题选____.

A.whereas

B.until

C.for

D.if

正确答案：B

参考解析:句意:新婚夫妇搬去新娘的父母家，并和他们共同生活长达一年之久，

直到他们能够在附近建成新房。空格需要填入逻辑连接词，前后为时间先后关

系，故代入until意为"直到"，语义合理。whereas意为"然而"，for表示

原因，表示条件，均不适合，故选

ifBo

14［单选题］第(14)题选_____.

A.follow

B.obtain

C.challenge

D.avoid

正确答案：B

参考解析：句意：离婚是合法的并容易办理，但(离婚现象)并不普遍。填入词应

与legal感情色彩一致,avoid意为"避免"，challenge意为"挑战,质疑"，

而follow意为"跟随"，通常不与"divorce"搭配。将。btain"获得"代入

语境，表示获得离婚，搭配合理，语义通顺，故选

Be

15［单选题］第(15)题选_____.

A.isolated

B.persuaded

C.viewed

D.exposed

正确答案：C

参考解析：此处需填入动作,isolated意为"隔离"，persuaded意为"劝说"，

viewed意为"看待、视为"，exposed意为"暴露、揭露"。代入文中viewed

是最合理的，表示人们对离婚的人持反对态度，故选

Co

16［单选题］第(16)题选_____.

A.whatever

B.however

C.whenever

D.wherever

正确答案：A

参考解析：此处空前有动词retains,因此需要一个连接词引导宾语从句，并且

与proper—ty搭配，共同充当从句中的宾语。wherever■意为“无论何地"，

whenever意为"无论何时"，however意为"然而，但是，无论如何"，都

作状语，只有whatever可以与property搭配，充当宾语从句的宾语，表示"―

切财产"，故选A。

17［单选题］第(17)题选______.

A.changed

B.brought

C.shaped

D.pushed

正确答案：B

参考解析：句意：夫妻各自保留他/她带进婚姻的任何财产。此处需要填入一个

动词，能和property形成动宾搭配。changed意为"改变"，brought意为

"带来"，叩意为"形成"，意为"推操"，故选

shedpushedBe

18［单选题］第(18)题选

A.withdrawn

B.invested

C.donated

0.divided

正确答案：D

参考解析：此处需要填入一个动词，作用于jointly-acquiredproperty"共同获

得的财产"。divided意为"分割"，invested意为"投资"，donated意为

"捐赠",withdrawn意为"取钱撤走资金"均能和jointly-acquiredproperty

构成动宾搭配，但是此处的情境是讨论离婚时的行为，故选d。

19［单选题］第(19)题选

A.clears

B.shows

C.warms

D.breaks

正确答案：B

参考解析：句意：但是，性别歧视此时显现出来了。clearup意为"（天空）放晴，

治疗，处理，解释"，warmup意为"使变热；（使）更活跃"，showup意为

〃显现，出现"，breakup意为"结束，使破碎"。后文提到离婚后，男士可

以立即再婚，而女士必须要等十个月，可知符合文意，并且能够和"性别歧视"

搭配的只有B项。

20［单选题］第（20）题选

A.while

B.once

C.sothat

D.inthat

正确答案：A

参考解析：上文指出，离婚男士在他再婚前没有一个等候期，空格后提到"女性

必须要等待10个月"，显然，这二者形成对比关系，sothat意为"所以"，

inthat意为"因为"，均排除；once意为"一旦"，表条件关系，亦排除，故

选

Ao

材料题

根据下面资料，回答21-25题

France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashion

industryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakers

gavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemploy

ultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat

"inciteexcessivethinness"bypromotingextremedieting.

Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbe

definedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.That'sastart.Andthebanon

ultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvesto

death-assomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibility

forthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measure

theymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.

Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thatthey

shouldnotletothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthat

peopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthan

dietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.

TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangea

culturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deep-andbone-showing.Underthelaw,using

afashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscould

resultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.

Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterial

adornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewother

countries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandardsformodelsandfashionimagesthat

relymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.

IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrules

andsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.The

newlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofand

takeresponsibilityfortheimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especially

onyoungpeople."Thecharter'smaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfor

designersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek(CFW),whichisrun

bytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethod

ofcompliance.

Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyideals

maybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyond

thematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.

21博港函Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappenin

France?

A.Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

B.Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

C.Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

D.Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

正确答案：A

参考解析：文章开篇即讲"France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovator

offashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterightto

definephysicalbeautyforwomen"(以作为全球时尚仓口新者为荣的法国承认

其时尚业已经失去定义女性形体美的绝对权利),这说明法国以前制定的形体关

的标准已不再适用，现在需要做出改变，故选

Ao

22［单选题］'hephrase"impingingon"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestin

meaningto.

A.indicatingthestateof.

B.heighteningthevalueof.

C.losingfaithin.

D.doingharmto.

正确答案：D

参考解析：由题干关键词"impingingonH(Line2,Para.2),定位到第二段

的第二句"Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatend

upimpingingonhealth."意为"他们认为美不应该以……健康的外表来界定。"

该句承接本段第一句Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofup-liftingmotives,

其中，Suchmeasures指代第一段中阐述的"雇佣过瘦的模特定为犯罪”的法

律规定，且excessive一词表明了贬义的感情。由此可推断出impingingon对

是"有害的、不利的"，故选

healthDo

23［单选ofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

A.TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

B.ltsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

C.Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

D.NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

正确答案：D

参考解析：由关键词定位在原文第五段。由该段第二句可知，丹麦、美国等国家

正在制定模特的标准。与项〃丹麦正在制定新的标准"相符合，故选

BDe

24［单选题JAdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor.

A.pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

B.caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character.

C.showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

0.settingahighagethresholdformodels.

正确答案：C

参考解析：根据题干关键词，定位到倒数第二段，其中指出"...enforcementis

todenyaccessfordesigners../7,意为"法案拒绝设计师进入CFW,它是由

丹麦时装学院创办的。"再根据该段前两句可知，丹麦时尚界同意关于模特的年

纪、健康以及其他特点的法规和制裁，也就是说，丹麦时装学院不再只关注身材，

也关注健康。而设计师一般都是以瘦为美，而忽视健康。综上所述，设计师被拒

绝的原因是不太考虑健康因素，故选

c0

25［单选题］\Nh\chofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

BJustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

C.ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

D.AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

正确答案：D

参考解析：文章首段指出法律要求时尚界不能用过瘦的模特，接下来的段落重点

说明时尚界的模特还需考虑年纪、健康以及其他方面的因素等。因文章中心是对

时尚界理想体型观点的挑战，故D项"AChallengetotheFashionIndustry,

sBodyIdeals"正确。

材料题

根据下面资料，回答26-30题

Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritain

thishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside"

alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)as

whatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhouses

buttosave"thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever."Itwasspecificallyto

providecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewheretheycouldexperience"a

refreshingair."Hill'spressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreen

belts.Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumes

moreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.

Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.The

Conservatives'planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityover

conservation,evenauthorising"off-plan"buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.

Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labour

likewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.

TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththose

pleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtect

RuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,in

citiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStiflingAckroyd

recentlyidentifiedenoughsitesforhalfofmillionhousesintheLondonareaalone,

withnointrusionongreenbelt.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

Theideathat"housingcrisis"equals"concretedmeadows"ispurelobbytalk.The

issueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobby

pressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationand

renewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafree

marketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.

Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.We

donotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?

Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope's

mostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenableditto

retainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.

Thereisnodoubtofthealternative—thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,

SpainorIreland.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandright

ofthepoliticalspectrum.

26Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside.

A.isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

B.isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

C.didn'tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

D.hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

正确答案：A

参考解析：由题干"英国大众对于乡村的观点"可定位至文章的第一段。从文章

第一段的后半段能得出：英国人民在民意调查中将"乡村"和王室、莎士比亚以

及英国国民保健制度并列为让他们最为自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政

治支持却极为有限。治notwellreflectedinpolitics"（在政治中没有得到很

好的体现）是对原文的同义替换，故选

Ao

27博港越/AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNational

Trustarenowbeing.

A.largelyovershadowed.

B.properlyprotected.

C.effectivelyreinforced.

0.graduallydestroyed.

正确答案：D

参考解析：第二段通过第一句的"Acenturyago"和后面的Tater"可知是在

进行古今对比。题干中问的是"now”,对比后半部分中的"Theydon'tmake

countrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.”

一句表明现在的NationalTrust已背离了它原始的初衷，它之前的那些成就已

经消失了。正是对这一意思的表述，故选

graduallydestroyedDe

28［单选题］ofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

B.TheConservativesmayabandon"off-plan"building.

C.Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

D.TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

正确答案：C

参考解析：第三段主要讲了各大党派对于这个观点的态度：基本都不赞同。该段

倒数第二句"OnlyUkip,sensingitschance,hassidedwiththosepleading

foramoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.”说明只有Ukip这

个党派是赞同这个观点，要保护乡村的。项正是对原文的同义转换，故选

cCo

29［单选题］'heauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference.

A.showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

B.stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

C.highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

D.revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

正确答案：A

参考解析：根据第五段第三句"GeorgeOsbornefavoursruralnew-build

againsturbanrenovationandrenewal和第四句"Hefavoursout-of-town

shoppingsitesagainsthighstreets的谓语都用了favours"喜欢"一词，

又分别在宾语部分使用了ruralnew-build"开发乡村"和out-of-town

shoppingsites"郊外购物场所”这两个词，由此可以看出GeorgeOsborne

更偏爰在乡间开发而非在城区开发。而且从该段最后两句可以看出，作者对

GeorgeOsborne持反对态度，认为GeorgeOsborne的偏爰实际上有利于

而毁坏了由段落分析可知，

urbanconservationareas,ruralconservationo

GeorgeOsborne显然支中寺ruraldevelopment而非ruralconservation，他

对的漠不关心，所以项是对原文的合理概括，故选

ruralareascharacterAAo

30［单选题八nthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciation

of.

A.thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

B.theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

C.thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

D.thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain.

正确答案：C

参考解析：本题属于观点态度题，由最后一段第一句话可以确定本段的中心是第

一句"Developmentshouldbeplanned,notlettrip",说明发展是要有计

划的，不能任其自由发展。然后再具体讲经过半个世纪有计划地发展，取得了很

好的成效，故选c"thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain”(英国的城乡

发展计划)。

材料题

根据下面资料，回答31-35题

"Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,"wroteMiltonFriedman,

aNobelprize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengagein

activitiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofits."ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremise

andregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders'

money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmay

createmonetaryvalueforcompanies—atleastwhentheyareprosecutedfor

corruption.

ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayear

onCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvalueto

theirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa"signal"

thatacompany'sproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingto

buyacompany'sproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.

Andthird,throughamorediffuse"haloeffect",wherebyitsgooddeedsearnit

greaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecause

consumerscanbeaffectedbyallthree.Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethemby

lookingatbriberyprosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeign

CorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).Itarguesthatsinceprosecutorsdonotconsumea

company'sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbeinfluencedonlyby

thehaloeffect.

Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensive

CSR.programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.Theiranalysisruledoutthe

possibilitythatitwasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,that

accountedfortheleniency:Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaigns

didnotreceivelowerfines.

Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacase

basedonitsmerits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR."We

estimatethateithereliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschild

labour,orincreasingcorporategivingbyabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare

40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribingforeignofficials,"saysone

researcher.

Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuch

businessesoughttospendonCSR.Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesare

bankingonthehaloeffect,ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecide

theirdo-goodingpolicies.Butatleasttheyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompanies

getintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgoodcharactercanwinthemalesscostly

punishment.

31［单选题］TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSR

with.

A.tolerance.

B.skepticism.

C.approval.

0.uncertainty.

正确答案：B

参考解析：第一段第一句指出Friedman认为："企业有且只有一种责任，即为

增加利润而运用资源，开展活动"。紧接着用But一词使得文章内容发生转折,

由But和evenif这些词可以推测作者持反对或者质疑的态度。作者说即使接受

了Friedman的假设并且认为有关企业社会责任的政策是浪费股东的钱，在这种

情况下，事情也还不完全明了。thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut实际

上是在说，即使按照Friedman的理念去实施，也并不一定就能达到这个理念的

目的——利益的最大化。然后第四句话进一步补充了研究结论，CSR或许会为

企业带来经济价值，并不是Friedman所认为的是浪费股东的钱。由此可知作者

对Friedman1sstatement持质疑的态度，故B项skepticism是最佳答案。

32AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby.

A.guardingitagainstmalpractices.

B.protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

C.winningtrustfromconsumers.

0.raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

正确答案：C

参考解析：公司花大笔资金在CSR上面,其结果就是"Thiscouldaddvalueto

theirbusinessinthreeways"(这样可以以三种方式分别给公司带来价值)。紧

接着文章分别阐述这三方式，综合这三方面可知CSR是通过赢得顾客的信任从

而帮助公司获益的，故选

Co

33［单选题］'beexpression"morelenient"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaning

to.

A.lesscontroversial.

B.moreeffective.

C.morelasting.

D.lesssevere.

正确答案：D

参考解析：通过第四段第二句的描述可以得知CSR和政治影响是对立的两个因

素。而第二句冒号后面交代，参与政治活动较多的公司不会受到较低的罚款。这

就意味着具有全面的CSR项目的公司受到的罚款比较低。因第一句话中的more

是指即不那么严重的惩罚，故选

lenientpenaltieslesssevere,De

34［单选题］Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSR

record.

A.hasanimpactontheirdecision.

B.comesacrossasreliableevidence.

C.increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.

0.constitutespartoftheinvestigation.

正确答案：A

参考解析：由题干中的prosecutorsevaluateacase定位到第五段第二句。该

句指出虽然检察官在评估一个案件时，应该基于其本身特征，实际上还是受到了

公司CSR记录的影响。故正确答案为A项。题干中的acompany1sCSRrecord

是原文信息的复现，选项中的"hasanimpact"是原文"beinfluenced"的

同义替换，theirdecision具体指检察官的评估决定。

35［单选题］\Nh\chofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelast

paragraph?

A.Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

B.Thenecessaryamountofcompanies'spendingonitisunknown.

C.Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

D.lthasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

正确答案：B

参考解析：由题干定位到末段。该段首句指出，研究者们承认他们的研究没有解

决的问题是:针对CSR各大企业到底该支出多少费用。选项A中Thenecessary

amountofcompanies1spendingonit（it指代CRS）是原文howmuch

businessesoughttospendonCRS的同义替换，表达的核心都是"公司到底

该支出多少费用"；unknown对应原文中的doesnotanswerthequestion,

对这个问题并没有做出回答，故选

Be

材料题

根据下面资料，回答36-40题

TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstories

onnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate."Sometimeinthe

future,"thepaper'spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandthe

rustleofpagesaside,there'splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructure

requiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper—printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn'tjust

expensive;it'sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesame

setoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.And

thoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefrom

printisstilldeclining.

Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprintedition

wouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimes

shouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoing

ittherightway."Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesense

forthem,"hesaid,"butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyal

customersreallyupsetwithyou."

Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflix

discontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming."Itwasseenasa

blunder,"hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwerein

chargeattheTimes?"Iwouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,"hesaid."Iwouldraise

pricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct."

Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,and

they'dfeelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein."So

ifyou'reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,"Perettisaid.

"Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditional

revenue."Inotherwords,ifyou'regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthe

peoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.WhichmaybewhattheTimesisdoing

already.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—more

thantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.

"It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thave

alegacybusiness,"Perettiremarked."Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethat

wherewehavethingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthemarketchanges

andtheworldchanges.Inthosesituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethanless

aggressive."

36［单选题］'heNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprintedition

partlydueto.

A.thehighcostofoperation.

B.theincreasingonlineadsales.

C.thepressurefromitsinvestors.

D.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders.

正确答案：A

参考解析：由关键词"ending"和"duet。"定位到第二段主题句中的"incentive

toditchprint（放弃印刷的原因）"。随后解释了"infrastructureisnztjust

expensive（设备不仅昂贵）"。此外，该段还对比了竞争对手的电子图书"don'

thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints（他们就没有这样的经济限制）”0

因此，可以确定答案为D项"高昂的运营成本"。B项"网络广告收入日益增加"

与该段"Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobile

counterparts"相违背；C项”来自投资者的压力"和D项"读者的抱怨"都是

无中生有，皆排除。

37［单选题］PereBsuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,the

Timesshould.

A.endtheprinteditionforgood.

B.makestrategicadjustments.

C.seeknewsourcesofreadership.

D.aimforefficientmanagement.

正确答案：B

参考解析：根据"Perettisuggests"定位到阐述Peretti观点的第四段第一句

"PerettisaystheTimesshouldn1twastetimegettingoutoftheprint

business,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.”可以确定答

案为A项"进行战略调整"。A项"永远