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Unit4AdversityandCourage一、阅读理解A[2024福建福州一测]JillWheatleywasaPEteacherinGermany.OntheweekendshecompetedinmarathonsaroundEurope.Butlifethrewheraneardeadlyblow.WhileteachingaPEclass,shewashitontheheadwithabaseball.Theimpactwassogreatthatitleftherwithabraininjuryand70percentvisionloss,permanentlyblindingherinoneeye.Shespent26monthsinsevendifferenthospitals,attimeswishingitwouldjustallend.Desperately,Wheatleysetouttofindcomfortandhealing(治疗)innature.ShetravelledtoNepalwhereafriendconvincedhertorunintheAnnapurna100withhim.Thepowerfromthatracechangedherlifeandeventuallyhadherlookupatthetopsofthemountains.ProjectVision8000wasborn.Andshebeganhermissiontostandonthetopoftheworld’s14highestmountains,towering8,000metersabovesealevel,toshowherselfandothersthepowerofthechoiceandpossibility.Colorsandtouchhelpguideheronthemountainandshehasneveroncefelttootiredtocarryon."Theonlyconstantthingischange,sowhentheweathergetsreallybadorastormiscomingin,Iknowitisgoingtopass."Sofar,she’shadfewproblemsstandingamonggiants,butsheadmitsshecontinuestostrugglewithovercomingthe"mountainsofhermind".Havingalreadystareddeathintheface,Wheatleyhasgreatrespectforthemountainsandthemissionsheison.Butshe’snotscared.Theexperiencealmostclaimedherlife,butitisnowthedrivingforceandfuelbehindhersuccess.Ateveryicypeak,shesmilesandtakesaquickvideowithabreathless"Soverythankful"whisperedintothethinair.本文主要讲解并描述了德国的一名体育老师Wheatley在阅历一次意外事故打击之后,重塑主动人生看法的故事。【词语积累】competev.参与竞赛deadlyadj.致命的impactn.影响permanentlyadv.永久地setouttodosth.起先做某事constantadj.不变的,固定的claimv.夺走,夺去(生命)【熟词生义】tower常用义:n.塔楼,塔文中义:v.高耸,屹立1.WhathappenedtoWheatleyaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Shecamelastinarace.B.Shesufferedaheadinjury.C.Shelosthersightcompletely.D.Shewasattackedonpurposeinaclass.解析B微小环节理解题。由第一段的"WhileteachingaPEclass,shewashitontheheadwithabaseball...blindingherinoneeye"可知,本题选B项。2.WhatdroveWheatleytolaunchProjectVision8000?A.Herexplorationofnature.B.Herfriend’stimelysuggestions.C.Herstrongloveforsports.D.HerparticipationintheAnnapurna100.解析D微小环节理解题。由其次段的"ShetravelledtoNepalwhereafriendconvincedher...ProjectVision8000wasborn"可知,她到尼泊尔旅行,在那里一个挚友劝服她与他一起参与Annapurna100竞赛,来自竞赛的力气变更了她的生活,最终让她屹立在群山之巅远眺,这促使了Wheatley创立ProjectVision8000,故选D项。3.WhatcanwelearnaboutWheatleyfromthelastparagraph?A.Herattitudetowardadversitywasreshaped.B.Shewasusedtopoorweatherconditions.C.Sheignoredthemountainsofhermind.D.Hernaturehelpedherovercomefear.解析A推理推断题。由第三段中的"Theonlyconstantthing...goingtopass","Havingalreadystareddeath...she’snotscared"和"butitisnowthedrivingforceandfuelbehindhersuccess"可推知,Wheatley对待逆境的看法已经发生了变更,故选A项。4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EverypeakiswithinreachB.LosesighttogainvisionC.ActionsspeaklouderthanwordsD.Naturewilltakeitscourse解析B标题归纳题。B项指明白Wheatley的不幸遭受,同时也指明白其在不幸遭受后的收获,适合做文章标题。B[2024广东东莞10月月考]AsongcalledLonelyWarrior(《孤勇者》)isalwaysringinginmyears.Sixyearsago,afterhostinganannualceremonyformyschool,Ifoundthatmyleftlegwasalittleswollen,andverysoonIcouldbarelywalk.Infact,theswollenpartbecameafist-sizedmeatballthatwassopainfulthatIcouldbarelysleep.Ofcourse,Iwenttoalocalhospital,whereIwasgivenverybleak(不乐观的)news—osteosarcoma,whichmeansbonecancer.Iunderwentchemotherapy(化疗)forthenexttwoyears,anditwastheworsttimeofmylife.Physically,Ifeltthatthesideeffectsofchemotherapywerekillingme.Ilostallofthehaironmybodyandbecametotallybald.Icouldbarelyeatanything,evenifIfelthungry.Inolongerneededanalarmclocktowakeupinthemorning.Instead,whatwokemeupwasmybodytellingmethatIneededtovomit(呕吐).Ihadnoideawhereallthistreatmentwouldleaveme,andthedreamsIhadoncenursed(怀有)aboutthefuturewereentirelywipedout.Iwantedtofeeltheworldandexperiencemore,soIstucktothecourseoftreatment.Astimewentby,however,Ibecameweakerandweaker.Thesideeffectsnowwerefarworsethantheyhadbeenearlier.Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff,andthedoctorsaidthatmightbethebestthingtodo,aslongasIcouldcopewiththepsychologicalandsocialpressuresafterward.Imademydecisionverycalmly,becauseIknewthingscouldnotbeworsethantheywereatthatmoment,andIwasdeterminedthatthiswasjustonemorebattleIwouldwin.Now,sixyearslater,Ihaveweatheredallthesedifficulties.Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis,andwhatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis:Havefaithinyourself,anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough.本文主要讲解并描述了作者与骨癌作斗争的阅历。随着病情的恶化,作者确定顶住心理压力和社会压力,让医生截掉了一条腿。6年过去了,作者经受住了全部的磨难。最终作者激励仍在与困难作斗争的人要对自己有信念。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesideeffectsofchemotherapy?A.Theymadetheauthorsufferalot.B.Theydestroyedtheauthor’sfaith.C.Theywererelievedaftertreatment.D.Theyweremoreobviousinthedaytime.解析A微小环节理解题。由其次段的描述可知,化疗使作者苦痛不堪,作者的头发掉光了,他几乎吃不进任何东西,夜间睡眠也受到了很大影响。由此可知,化疗的副作用让作者受了很大的苦,故A项正确。2.Whatwastheauthor’sdecisiontodealwithhiscondition?A.Choppingoffhisleg.B.Turningdownthedoctor’sadvice.C.Givingintothecancer.D.Seekingpsychologicalassistance.解析A微小环节理解题。由第四段首句"Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff"可知,A项正确。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"weathered"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Resisted. B.Survived.C.Escaped. D.Produced.解析B词义揣测题。由第五段中的"Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis"可知,作者克服了全部困难。由此可推知,画线词所在句表达的应是六年后作者最终战胜了全部困难。综上可知,B项正确。4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Alightheartliveslong.B.Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.C.Timeworkswonders.D.Onewithfaithbravesanyhardship.解析D推理推断题。由最终一段中的"whatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis:Havefaithinyourself,anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough"可推知,作者在本文中想传达的是有信念的人可以经受住任何困难,故D项正确。二、完形填空[2024湖北省新高考信息卷二]Acraftsmanlivingwithadisabilitywhomakesclayfigurines(泥雕)hasrecentlymadenetizensamazedacrossthecountry.In2003,MiZhoulosthishandsinanaccident.Unwillingto1tofate,hegraduallylearnedtoeatandgetdressedintheyearthatfollowedtheunexpected2.Afterseeingacraftsmanmakingfigurinesonthestreet,Miwasattractedtothecraftandwithout3decidedtolearnfromhim."Thecraftsmansaidhecouldn’t4mewhenhesawthatIhadnofingers.I5andfinallyworehimdown,"Misaid.Thelearningprocesswas6.Inthebeginninghecouldonlymaketworosesinanafternoon.Andhisarmswereoftenpainfulafterthepractice.However,becauseofhis7forthecraftandhiseagernesstoearnaliving,heneverthoughtabout8.Mihasbeenmakingtheseclayfigurinesfor15years.Itnow9himonlyseveralminutestomakeafigurine.After10clayintoaballwithhiselbows,Miholdstheballbetweenhisarmstoputitonastick,andthenaddssmallerpartsand11totheball.Miisnotonlyabletomakealivingbymakingclayfigurinesashehadhoped,buthefeels12aboutwhathedoes.Hedoesn’tsetpricesforhisfigurines.Insteadofaskingpeopletogiveacertainamountofmoneyfortheproducts,heallowsthemto13astheylike.Inthisway,eachfigurineissoldatabout20yuanonaverage,whichischeapercomparedto14productssoldelsewhere.Mi’sstorytellsusthatwemayhave15nocontroloverwhathappenstous,butwecancontrolhowwerespond.Ifwechoosetherightattitude,wecanriseabovewhateverchallengesweface.米周在2003年的一次意外中失去了双手。有一次在街上看到一位泥雕艺人做泥雕,他一下就宠爱上了这门手艺,并决心拜师学艺。现如今,米周可以用自己的手艺养活自己,他也过得特别欢乐。1.A.bow B.turnC.smile D.agree解析A由下文中的"hegraduallylearnedtoeatandgetdressed"可知,米周不情愿向命运低头(bow)。2.A.visit B.matterC.operation D.accident解析D此处表示米周在意想不到的事故(accident)发生之后的那一年,渐渐学习吃饭和穿衣服。3.A.success B.delayC.argument D.permission解析B此处说的是"米周马上(withoutdelay)确定向他学习"。4.A.cheat B.motivateC.instruct D.advocate解析C那位手艺人看到米周没手指后便说他没有方法教(instruct)米周,故选C项。5.A.promised B.acceptedC.insisted D.apologized解析C在米周的一再坚持(insisted)下,米周最终让手艺人同意教他了。6.A.smooth B.pleasantC.violent D.challenging解析D由下文中的"Inthebeginninghecouldonlymaketworosesinanafternoon"和段落中的描述可以推想,学习过程很有挑战性(challenging)。7.A.approval B.curiosityC.performance D.enthusiasm解析D由上文中的"Miwasattractedtothecraftandwithoutdelaydecidedtolearnfromhim"可以看出,米周对这门技艺有热忱(enthusiasm)。approval赞成,同意;curiosity新奇 心;performance表演,表现。8.A.holdingup B.givingupC.pullingup D.lookingup解析B由语境可知,米周对这门技艺有热忱,又渴望通过这门手艺谋生,因此,他从来没有想过放弃(givingup)。holdup举起,耽搁,支撑;pullup(使车)停下;lookup查阅,好转。9.A.takes B.wastesC.spares D.requires解析A由上文中的"Mihasbeenmakingtheseclayfigurinesfor15years"可以推想,他现在已经很娴熟了,只需花(takes)几分钟就可以做出一个泥雕。10.A.dividing B.shapingC.cutting D.sticking解析B结合语境和常识可知,米周须要首先把泥揉成球的形态。此处shape作动词,意为"使成为……形态(或样子)"。11.A.brands B.pricelistsC.instructions D.decorations解析D由常识可知,把泥揉成球状之后,米周会把泥球放到棍上,然后再把较小的部分和装饰(decorations)加上去。12.A.free B.joyfulC.curious D.particular解析B由上文可知,米周对泥雕有热忱,且能靠泥雕谋生,他应当会感到很欢乐(joyful)。13.A.pick B.payC.catch D.collect解析B由语境可知,他没有设置固定的价格,所以顾客可以按自己的意愿去付款(pay)。14.A.similar B.familiarC.standard D.traditional解析A由常识可知,此处对米周做的泥雕和别的地方的相像(similar)产品的价格进行了比较。15.A.merely B.calmlyC.absolutely D.reasonably解析C此处说的是"或许我们完全无法限制发生在我们身上的事情,但是我们可以限制我们如何回应"。absolutely与no连用表示"确定不,完全没有"。三、语法填空[2024陕西榆林第一次月考]Backlight226isararebookstoreinShanghai,asinthisbookstorevisuallyimpairedpeopleofferbookstothosewithvisualimpairments.Locatedinthecity’sleafyNanchangStreet,thestorehasbeenafixtureintheareasince2024,providingmuch-neededreadingmaterialsto1blindcommunity."PeoplemayonlyknowaboutHelenKeller,buttherearefamousblindChinese2(writer)aswell,"saidHanYing,managerofBacklight226,referringtotheAmericanauthorandactivist3losthersightandhearingatanearlyage.Hanpartiallylosthervisionafteranaccidentand4(become)completelyblindfiveyearslater.Shesaidshehadtogiveup5(teach)calligraphy,andthewayshereadwasalsoaffected.Now,aged43,sherelies6speciala
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