备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit4AdversityandCourage新人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit4AdversityandCourage一、阅读理解A[2024福建福州一测]JillWheatleywasaPEteacherinGermany.OntheweekendshecompetedinmarathonsaroundEurope.Butlifethrewheraneardeadlyblow.WhileteachingaPEclass，shewashitontheheadwithabaseball.Theimpactwassogreatthatitleftherwithabraininjuryand70percentvisionloss，permanentlyblindingherinoneeye.Shespent26monthsinsevendifferenthospitals，attimeswishingitwouldjustallend.Desperately，Wheatleysetouttofindcomfortandhealing（治疗）innature.ShetravelledtoNepalwhereafriendconvincedhertorunintheAnnapurna100withhim.Thepowerfromthatracechangedherlifeandeventuallyhadherlookupatthetopsofthemountains.ProjectVision8000wasborn.Andshebeganhermissiontostandonthetopoftheworld’s14highestmountains，towering8，000metersabovesealevel，toshowherselfandothersthepowerofthechoiceandpossibility.Colorsandtouchhelpguideheronthemountainandshehasneveroncefelttootiredtocarryon."Theonlyconstantthingischange，sowhentheweathergetsreallybadorastormiscomingin，Iknowitisgoingtopass."Sofar，she’shadfewproblemsstandingamonggiants，butsheadmitsshecontinuestostrugglewithovercomingthe"mountainsofhermind".Havingalreadystareddeathintheface，Wheatleyhasgreatrespectforthemountainsandthemissionsheison.Butshe’snotscared.Theexperiencealmostclaimedherlife，butitisnowthedrivingforceandfuelbehindhersuccess.Ateveryicypeak，shesmilesandtakesaquickvideowithabreathless"Soverythankful"whisperedintothethinair.本文主要讲解并描述了德国的一名体育老师Wheatley在阅历一次意外事故打击之后，重塑主动人生看法的故事。【词语积累】competev.参与竞赛deadlyadj.致命的impactn.影响permanentlyadv.永久地setouttodosth.起先做某事constantadj.不变的，固定的claimv.夺走，夺去（生命）【熟词生义】tower常用义：n.塔楼，塔文中义：v.高耸，屹立1.WhathappenedtoWheatleyaccordingtoparagraph1？A.Shecamelastinarace.B.Shesufferedaheadinjury.C.Shelosthersightcompletely.D.Shewasattackedonpurposeinaclass.解析B微小环节理解题。由第一段的"WhileteachingaPEclass，shewashitontheheadwithabaseball...blindingherinoneeye"可知，本题选B项。2.WhatdroveWheatleytolaunchProjectVision8000？A.Herexplorationofnature.B.Herfriend’stimelysuggestions.C.Herstrongloveforsports.D.HerparticipationintheAnnapurna100.解析D微小环节理解题。由其次段的"ShetravelledtoNepalwhereafriendconvincedher...ProjectVision8000wasborn"可知，她到尼泊尔旅行，在那里一个挚友劝服她与他一起参与Annapurna100竞赛，来自竞赛的力气变更了她的生活，最终让她屹立在群山之巅远眺，这促使了Wheatley创立ProjectVision8000，故选D项。3.WhatcanwelearnaboutWheatleyfromthelastparagraph？A.Herattitudetowardadversitywasreshaped.B.Shewasusedtopoorweatherconditions.C.Sheignoredthemountainsofhermind.D.Hernaturehelpedherovercomefear.解析A推理推断题。由第三段中的"Theonlyconstantthing...goingtopass"，"Havingalreadystareddeath...she’snotscared"和"butitisnowthedrivingforceandfuelbehindhersuccess"可推知，Wheatley对待逆境的看法已经发生了变更，故选A项。4.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A.EverypeakiswithinreachB.LosesighttogainvisionC.ActionsspeaklouderthanwordsD.Naturewilltakeitscourse解析B标题归纳题。B项指明白Wheatley的不幸遭受，同时也指明白其在不幸遭受后的收获，适合做文章标题。B[2024广东东莞10月月考]AsongcalledLonelyWarrior（《孤勇者》）isalwaysringinginmyears.Sixyearsago，afterhostinganannualceremonyformyschool，Ifoundthatmyleftlegwasalittleswollen，andverysoonIcouldbarelywalk.Infact，theswollenpartbecameafist-sizedmeatballthatwassopainfulthatIcouldbarelysleep.Ofcourse，Iwenttoalocalhospital，whereIwasgivenverybleak（不乐观的）news—osteosarcoma，whichmeansbonecancer.Iunderwentchemotherapy（化疗）forthenexttwoyears，anditwastheworsttimeofmylife.Physically，Ifeltthatthesideeffectsofchemotherapywerekillingme.Ilostallofthehaironmybodyandbecametotallybald.Icouldbarelyeatanything，evenifIfelthungry.Inolongerneededanalarmclocktowakeupinthemorning.Instead，whatwokemeupwasmybodytellingmethatIneededtovomit（呕吐）.Ihadnoideawhereallthistreatmentwouldleaveme，andthedreamsIhadoncenursed（怀有）aboutthefuturewereentirelywipedout.Iwantedtofeeltheworldandexperiencemore，soIstucktothecourseoftreatment.Astimewentby，however，Ibecameweakerandweaker.Thesideeffectsnowwerefarworsethantheyhadbeenearlier.Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff，andthedoctorsaidthatmightbethebestthingtodo，aslongasIcouldcopewiththepsychologicalandsocialpressuresafterward.Imademydecisionverycalmly，becauseIknewthingscouldnotbeworsethantheywereatthatmoment，andIwasdeterminedthatthiswasjustonemorebattleIwouldwin.Now，sixyearslater，Ihaveweatheredallthesedifficulties.Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis，andwhatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis：Havefaithinyourself，anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough.本文主要讲解并描述了作者与骨癌作斗争的阅历。随着病情的恶化，作者确定顶住心理压力和社会压力，让医生截掉了一条腿。6年过去了，作者经受住了全部的磨难。最终作者激励仍在与困难作斗争的人要对自己有信念。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesideeffectsofchemotherapy？A.Theymadetheauthorsufferalot.B.Theydestroyedtheauthor’sfaith.C.Theywererelievedaftertreatment.D.Theyweremoreobviousinthedaytime.解析A微小环节理解题。由其次段的描述可知，化疗使作者苦痛不堪，作者的头发掉光了，他几乎吃不进任何东西，夜间睡眠也受到了很大影响。由此可知，化疗的副作用让作者受了很大的苦，故A项正确。2.Whatwastheauthor’sdecisiontodealwithhiscondition？A.Choppingoffhisleg.B.Turningdownthedoctor’sadvice.C.Givingintothecancer.D.Seekingpsychologicalassistance.解析A微小环节理解题。由第四段首句"Ieventuallysuggestedthatthelegbechoppedoff"可知，A项正确。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"weathered"inthelastparagraphmean？A.Resisted. B.Survived.C.Escaped. D.Produced.解析B词义揣测题。由第五段中的"Ihavebeensoluckytobeabletofindthestrengthtodealwithallofthis"可知，作者克服了全部困难。由此可推知，画线词所在句表达的应是六年后作者最终战胜了全部困难。综上可知，B项正确。4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext？A.Alightheartliveslong.B.Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.C.Timeworkswonders.D.Onewithfaithbravesanyhardship.解析D推理推断题。由最终一段中的"whatIhavetotellanyonestillstrugglingwithdifficultiesisthis：Havefaithinyourself，anddonotletbadmomentsdragyoudown.Justhangonandyouwillcomethrough"可推知，作者在本文中想传达的是有信念的人可以经受住任何困难，故D项正确。二、完形填空[2024湖北省新高考信息卷二]Acraftsmanlivingwithadisabilitywhomakesclayfigurines（泥雕）hasrecentlymadenetizensamazedacrossthecountry.In2003，MiZhoulosthishandsinanaccident.Unwillingto1tofate，hegraduallylearnedtoeatandgetdressedintheyearthatfollowedtheunexpected2.Afterseeingacraftsmanmakingfigurinesonthestreet，Miwasattractedtothecraftandwithout3decidedtolearnfromhim."Thecraftsmansaidhecouldn’t4mewhenhesawthatIhadnofingers.I5andfinallyworehimdown，"Misaid.Thelearningprocesswas6.Inthebeginninghecouldonlymaketworosesinanafternoon.Andhisarmswereoftenpainfulafterthepractice.However，becauseofhis7forthecraftandhiseagernesstoearnaliving，heneverthoughtabout8.Mihasbeenmakingtheseclayfigurinesfor15years.Itnow9himonlyseveralminutestomakeafigurine.After10clayintoaballwithhiselbows，Miholdstheballbetweenhisarmstoputitonastick，andthenaddssmallerpartsand11totheball.Miisnotonlyabletomakealivingbymakingclayfigurinesashehadhoped，buthefeels12aboutwhathedoes.Hedoesn’tsetpricesforhisfigurines.Insteadofaskingpeopletogiveacertainamountofmoneyfortheproducts，heallowsthemto13astheylike.Inthisway，eachfigurineissoldatabout20yuanonaverage，whichischeapercomparedto14productssoldelsewhere.Mi’sstorytellsusthatwemayhave15nocontroloverwhathappenstous，butwecancontrolhowwerespond.Ifwechoosetherightattitude，wecanriseabovewhateverchallengesweface.米周在2003年的一次意外中失去了双手。有一次在街上看到一位泥雕艺人做泥雕，他一下就宠爱上了这门手艺，并决心拜师学艺。现如今，米周可以用自己的手艺养活自己，他也过得特别欢乐。1.A.bow B.turnC.smile D.agree解析A由下文中的"hegraduallylearnedtoeatandgetdressed"可知，米周不情愿向命运低头（bow）。2.A.visit B.matterC.operation D.accident解析D此处表示米周在意想不到的事故（accident）发生之后的那一年，渐渐学习吃饭和穿衣服。3.A.success B.delayC.argument D.permission解析B此处说的是"米周马上（withoutdelay）确定向他学习"。4.A.cheat B.motivateC.instruct D.advocate解析C那位手艺人看到米周没手指后便说他没有方法教（instruct）米周，故选C项。5.A.promised B.acceptedC.insisted D.apologized解析C在米周的一再坚持（insisted）下，米周最终让手艺人同意教他了。6.A.smooth B.pleasantC.violent D.challenging解析D由下文中的"Inthebeginninghecouldonlymaketworosesinanafternoon"和段落中的描述可以推想，学习过程很有挑战性（challenging）。7.A.approval B.curiosityC.performance D.enthusiasm解析D由上文中的"Miwasattractedtothecraftandwithoutdelaydecidedtolearnfromhim"可以看出，米周对这门技艺有热忱（enthusiasm）。approval赞成，同意；curiosity新奇 心；performance表演，表现。8.A.holdingup B.givingupC.pullingup D.lookingup解析B由语境可知，米周对这门技艺有热忱，又渴望通过这门手艺谋生，因此，他从来没有想过放弃（givingup）。holdup举起，耽搁，支撑；pullup（使车）停下；lookup查阅，好转。9.A.takes B.wastesC.spares D.requires解析A由上文中的"Mihasbeenmakingtheseclayfigurinesfor15years"可以推想，他现在已经很娴熟了，只需花（takes）几分钟就可以做出一个泥雕。10.A.dividing B.shapingC.cutting D.sticking解析B结合语境和常识可知，米周须要首先把泥揉成球的形态。此处shape作动词，意为"使成为……形态（或样子）"。11.A.brands B.pricelistsC.instructions D.decorations解析D由常识可知，把泥揉成球状之后，米周会把泥球放到棍上，然后再把较小的部分和装饰（decorations）加上去。12.A.free B.joyfulC.curious D.particular解析B由上文可知，米周对泥雕有热忱，且能靠泥雕谋生，他应当会感到很欢乐（joyful）。13.A.pick B.payC.catch D.collect解析B由语境可知，他没有设置固定的价格，所以顾客可以按自己的意愿去付款（pay）。14.A.similar B.familiarC.standard D.traditional解析A由常识可知，此处对米周做的泥雕和别的地方的相像（similar）产品的价格进行了比较。15.A.merely B.calmlyC.absolutely D.reasonably解析C此处说的是"或许我们完全无法限制发生在我们身上的事情，但是我们可以限制我们如何回应"。absolutely与no连用表示"确定不，完全没有"。三、语法填空[2024陕西榆林第一次月考]Backlight226isararebookstoreinShanghai，asinthisbookstorevisuallyimpairedpeopleofferbookstothosewithvisualimpairments.Locatedinthecity’sleafyNanchangStreet，thestorehasbeenafixtureintheareasince2024，providingmuch-neededreadingmaterialsto1blindcommunity."PeoplemayonlyknowaboutHelenKeller，buttherearefamousblindChinese2（writer）aswell，"saidHanYing，managerofBacklight226，referringtotheAmericanauthorandactivist3losthersightandhearingatanearlyage.Hanpartiallylosthervisionafteranaccidentand4（become）completelyblindfiveyearslater.Shesaidshehadtogiveup5（teach）calligraphy，andthewayshereadwasalsoaffected.Now，aged43，sherelies6speciala