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Module4GreatScientists蜀悔
阅读理解
(一)
A
OnceWilhelmK.Roentgenandseveralotherscientistswere
experimentingwithpassingelectriccurrentsthroughcertaingasesinaspecial
glasstubefromwhichtheairhadbeentakenaway.ThenonedayRoentgen
noticedthatthoughthetubewascoveredwithblackpaper,somestrange
kindsofradiation(辐射)we'recomingthroughandmakingascreennearby
giveoutlight.Roentgencouldseenothingoutofthetube.Butthenhe
discoveredthatifheputthescreeninthenextroomontheothersideofthe
closeddoor,theraysstillseemedtoaffectit.Thescreenshowedthattherays
couldpassnotonlythroughtheblackpaperbutalsothroughwood.
Thenextthinghefoundoutwasthatifheputhishandsbetweentherays
andaphotographicplate,therayswouldprintashadowofthebone
frameworkofhishandsontheplate.Infact,therayscouldpassaseasily
throughthefleshy(肉的)partofhishandasthroughtheblackpaper,but
hardlyatallthroughthebone.SoRoentgenmadethefirstX-raypictureofa
handshowingjusthowthebonesinthehandfittedtogether.
RoentgencalledtheseunknownraysX-rays,butotherscientistscalled
themRoentgenraysinhonorofthemanwhofirstfoundthem.
1.Whatwasinthespecialglasstube?
A.Air.B.Water.C.Gases.D.Paper.
2.Accordingtothistext,RoentgendiscoveredX-rays__.
A.byaccident
B.throughhishardwork
C.bydoinglotsofexperiments
D.withthehelpofseveralotherscientists
3.WhatcanX-rayshardlypassthrough?
A.Wood.B.Bones.C.Flesh.D.Blackpaper.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.TheDiscoveryofX-rays
B.TheFirstX-rayPictureofaHand
C.TheDiscoveryofElectricCurrents
D.TheUseofRaysandPhotographicPlates
B
AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehinda
shoppingcart.Theywillinalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptions
manymiles.Butfewwillknow-oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinvented
them.
SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehe
wasinthesupermarketbusiness.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaof
puttingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmuch
easierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.
OnJune4,1937,Goldman'sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.
Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.
Hecouldn'twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.
ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,
buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.
Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren'tusing
hiscarts."Don'tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashopping
basket?”oneshopperreplied.
ButGoldmanwasn'tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreat
successifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,
Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretend
theywereshopping.Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopying
thephony(假的)customers.
AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlarger
numbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeople
come-thosewhocameboughtmore.
Today'sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman'soriginal
model.Perhapsthat'sonereasonwhyAmericanstodayspendmorethanfive
timesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937一thecoming
oftheshoppingcart.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"chrome-platedcontraptions"in
Paragraph1referto?
A.Suitcases.B.Shoppingcarts.
C.Baskets.D.Privatecars.
6.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman'sinvention?
A.Tomakeshoppingeasierandattractmorebusiness.
B.Tohelptheolddoshoppingeasilyinhismarket.
C.Toreducetheburdenofhisemployeeswork.
D.Toprovehimtobeagoodinventor.
7.WhydidGoldmanhireagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhis
market?
A.Tokeepthegroceriesfrombeingstolen.
B.Toattractpeopletobuythingsinhismarket.
C.Tomakehismarketdifferentfromtheothers.
D.Toencouragepeopletousehisshoppingcarts.
8.WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutGoldman?
A.Hebecomesveryfamousbecauseofhisinvention.
B.Hisinventionhashadagreateffectonfoodindustry.
C.Hisinventiongivesagreatideatotoday'sshoppingcarts.
D.Supermarketbusinesshasbenefitedalotfromhisinvention.
(二)
A
Manyscientistsfirstdeterminedtheylovedscienceintheclassroom.Here
aresomeofthemthatspendtheirlivesspreadingtheirloveofscience.
MariaChristoforaki
ChristoforakiisahighschoolstudentattheLyceumofGaziinGreece.In
June2017,shewaspartofateamfromherschoolthatcompetedinthe
EuropeanCanSatCompetition.Thisisacontestinwhichteamsbuildmodels
ofsatellites(卫星).Muchcreativityisrequired——andChristoforakisaysthatis
thebestpart.
KellyKnight
Knightisaforensic(法医的)scientist—someonewhousesscientific
techniquestohelpsolvecrimes.She'saprofessoratGeorgeMason
UniversityinFairfax,Virginia.Butthat'snotallshedoes."ImalsoaZumba
instructorandIhavemymotorcyclelicense,“shesays.She'sstillworkingon
gettingamotorcycle,though.
SaraMacSorley
MacSorleyhasadegreeinscience,whodoesn'tworkinalaboratorybut
isnowthedirectoroftheGreenStreetTeachingandLearningCenterat
WesleyanUniversityinMiddletown,Connecticut.Shespendshertime
promotingeducation.MacSorleystilllovesscience.She'snowworkingona
coloringbookaboutwomeninscience,technology,engineeringandmath.
ErinWinick
WinickwasastudentinmechanicalengineeringattheUniversityof
FloridainGainesville.Asanengineer,shealsorunsherowncompany,Sci
Chic,makingscienceandengineering-inspiredjewelry(珠宝).Herscience
creativityalsogoesbeyondjewelry."Ilovemakingandwearingspaceand
science-inspiredclothing,"shesays.
1.WheredoesMariaChristoforakistartherloveforscience?
A.Atschool.B.Athome.
C.Inthelab.D.Inacompany.
2.WhatisKellyKnightshobby?
A.Music.B.Traveling.
C.Motorcycling.D.Clothesdesign.
3.WhatwasSaraMacSorleytrainedtobe?
A.Ateacher.B.Ascientist.
C.Awriter.D.Anengineer.
4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourwomenfromthetext?
A.Theyhaveagreatloveinscience.
B.Theyareworkinginscientificlabs.
C.Theyarescientistswithotherskills.
D.Theystartedtheirloveinscienceearly.
B
Mostofthetime,peoplewearhatstoprotectthemselvesfromharsh
weatherconditions.Hatsarealsoworntoshowpolitenessandassignsof
socialposition.Butnowadays,hats,especiallywomen'shats,aremuch
morethanthat.Moreexactly,hatshavechangedintofashionandstyle
symbolsbymanymoviestars,what'smore,peoplenowconsidermany
differentfeatureswhenchoosingevenasimplehat.Manydesignerspointout
that,whenchoosingtherighthat,it'simportanttoconsiderthecolorofyour
skinaswellasyourhair,yourheight,andtheshapeofyourface.
Firstofall,thecolorofthehatshouldmatchthecolorofyourskinand
hair.Forinstance,blackhatsshouldbeavoidedifyouaredarkskinned.Ifa
purplehatisplacedontopofredhair,onewilllookasattractiveasasummer
flower.Second,theheightofthehatisalsoanimportantpoint.Tallwomen
shouldnotgoforhatswithtallcrowns,justasshortwomenshouldchoose
hatswithupturnedbrims(帽沿)togivethelookofheight.Third,andmost
importantly,theshapeofthefacedecidesthekindofhatoneshouldpick.A
small,gentlehatthatfitstheheadlooksgoodonasmallface.However,
womenwithbig,roundfacesshouldchooseadifferentstyle.
Asthesayinggoes,"Finefeathersmakefinebirds."Agoodhatcannot
onlyhelpyourdressbutalsosupportyourfeatures,sowhynotchoosethe
bestpossibleonenexttimeyouwanttobeinpublic?
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"harsh"inParagraph1probably
mean?
A.Good.B.Poor.C.Strange.D.Different.
6.Accordingtothearticle,whatkindofwomenwouldlook
mostattractive?
A.Abig-facedwomanwhowearsasmall,nicehat.
B.Ashortred-hairedwomanwhowearsapurplehat.
C.Asmalldark-skinnedwomanwhowearsablackhat.
D.Atallwomanwhowearsahatwithahugeupturnedbrim.
7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?
A.Hatscanmakeyoulookmuchtaller.
B.Hatsarenotasimportantascharacter.
C.Hatscanhelpyoulookbetterinpublic.
D.Hatsarewornontheheadtokeepwarm.
8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowtoDesignaNiceHat
B.HowtoChooseaProperHat
C.HowtoImproveYourFeatures
D.HowtoShowYourSocialPosition
(三)
Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower,whatwoulditbe?
Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds,seethrough
walls,orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly,butitactuallygetsto
theheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife.
Everydayinourwork,weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoing
extraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.
Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess:The
powertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.
We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.
Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework,playingsports,makingfriends,
andseekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamore
powerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomething
muchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.
Volunteeror,ifyoucan,contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryou
do,don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunityto
makeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou'reolder.Butwhynotstartnow?
Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,and
energyinthelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewarding(值得做
的)partsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelour
optimismabouthowmanythelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveinthe
yearsahead.
1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto?
A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.
C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.
2.Whydoestheauthorsayweareinspiredeveryday?
A.Wepossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.
B.Wehavegotthepowertochangetheworld.
C.Somepeoplearoundusaremakingtheworldbetter.
D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleinourlifeandwork.
3.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5?
A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.
B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.
C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.
D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.
B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.
C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.
D.Peopleseffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.
二、选词填空
用下面给出单词的正确形式填空,使其句意完整。有两个词是多余的。
publishescapegraduateexplodeconvertlead
producevictimpartfigureagricultureeducate
1.ATVsetelectric
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