Unit+2+Sports+and+Fitness+语法定语从句高中英语北师大版(2019)必修第一册

定语从句Unit2

|Grammer

|relativeclauses一、什么是定语从句？anexcitinggame形容词

+名词我是定语名词+名词我可以是定语agameabasketballgameagamewith10people名词+介词短语我可以是定语agametobegin非谓语+名词/名词+非谓语我可以是定语一、什么是定语从句？Thisisagamethatweareinterestedin.名词+句子我可以是定语定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。定语从句：句子用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。二、定语从句的三要素先行词：“先行”一步的东西或人，走在定语从句前面。关系词：像关系调和剂，想办法让定语从句和先行词搭上关系。定语从句：像个跟屁虫，跟在先行词后面，用来修饰先行词。二、定语从句的三要素Ex.9分别找出下列句子中的先、关、定(P32)1.Whenweweren’tplayingonthecourtwhichwasnexttoourbuilding,wewerewatchingagameonTV.2.Paul’sfavoriteplayerwasaguywhoplayedfortheCharlotteHornets.3.Paulwassomeonewhoworkedreallyhardfortheteam.4.Hedidn’tknowhe’dsoongetthechancethathe’dbeenwatingfor.二、定语从句的三要素Ex.9分别找出下列句子中的先、关、定(P32)5.TheywereplayingTheBears,ateamwhoserecordwasperfect.Canyoufindmorerelativeclausesinourtext?三、关系词详解关系词关系代词关系副词Thisisagame.Weareinterestedinthegame.三、关系词详解-关系代词为了避免重复，用that来替代，that占了thegame的坑，享有同样的地位，所以托game的福，that成了从句的宾语。关系代词：指代、替代。占了名词的坑。合体：Thisisagamethatweareinterestedin.关系词在先行词和定语从句之间起着三个作用:①连接主句和从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中作句子成分。Ex12:填空并确定哪个可以关系词省略1.Haveyoufoundthekeys__________youlost2.Westayedatahotel____________Tomrecommendedtous.3.Thepeople_____workintheofficeareveryfriendly.4.What’sthenameoftheman______caryouborrowed.5.Theman________thatIwassittingnexttoontheplanetalkedallthetime.that/whichthat/whichwhowhosethat三、关系词详解-关系代词关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句，who和whom只可以指人，who在从句中可作主语或宾语，whom在从句中只作宾语。egThegirl

who

answeredthephonewaspoliteenough.

Heistheman

who

/

whom

youhavebeenlookingfor.

(作主语，指人)(作宾语，指人)whowhom关系代词which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。egThesehouses

which

facesouthhavenotreesaroundthem.

Thefilm

which

Isawlastnightisaboutayoungteacher.

Hewasreadingabook

which

hewasveryinterestedin.

(作主语，指物)(作宾语，指物)(作宾语，指物)which关系代词that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。egTheboy

that

camehereisHenry’sson.

Thechild

that

thewomanlookedafterwassuddenlymissing.

Thenews

that

shockedallofuscamefromMary.

Thenews

that

IheardcamefromMary.

that(作主语，指人)

(作宾语，指人)(作主语，指物)(作宾语，指物)whose用来指代所属关系，在定语从句中作定语，起限定作用。whose引导定语从句时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物。egThisisthefamousdoctorwhosedaughterteachesinourschool.

Wouldyoupleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisblue?whose(指人)(指物)关系代词which,that或who在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可以省略。egWe’llhaveourpicnicintheplace(which/that)mostofuslikebest.Thegirl(who)youmetisPeter’ssister.Thesubjectoftherelativeclauseismostofus;which/thatistheobjectoflike.Thesubjectoftherelativeclauseisyou;whoistheobjectofmet.指代内容所作成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语主语,宾语主语,宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省三、关系词详解-关系代词三、关系词详解-关系代词Ex.2将下列两组简单句改为含定语从句的句子。1.Iwatchagame.2.The

gameattractsthousandsofspectators.Iwatchagamewhich/thatattractthousandsofspectators.1.Iwatchedagame.2.The

game’sticketisexpensiveIwatchedagamewhoseticketisexpensive.三、关系词详解-关系副词WhenWhereWhy关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。when/where/why=介词+which18三、关系词详解-关系副词Istillremembertheday.Iwatchabasketballgame

ontheday.合体：IstillrememberthedayonwhichIwatchedabasketballgame.IstillrememberthedaywhenIwatchedabasketballgame.准备合体的时候多了个on，ontheday是时间状语，那就用when牵线，when也就成了从句的时间状语。19三、关系词详解-关系副词Istillremembertheplace.Iwatchedabasketballgame

intheplace.合体：IstillremembertheplaceinwhichIwatchedabasketballgame.Istillrememberthedaywhere

Iwatchedabasketballgame.准备合体的时候多了个in，intheplace是地点状语，那就用where牵线，where也就成了从句的地点状语。20三、关系词详解-关系副词Idon’tknowthereason.Iwatchedabasketballgame

forareason.合体：Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichIwatchedabasketballgameIdon’tknowthereasonwhy

Iwatchedabasketballgame.准备合体的时候多了个for，forareason是地点状语，那就用why牵线，why也就成了从句的原因状语。关系副词：占了介词短语的坑。wherewhenwhy若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语则用关系代词，如果做状语则用关系副词。1.Thisistheplace___Johnwasborn?A.whichB.whereC.when

2.Thedays___wespentinTokyotogetherwillneverbeforgotten.A.whenB.whichC.onwhich

3.Don'tforgettheday___youcametoBeijingUniversity.A.whenB.thatC.atwhich三、关系词详解关系词关系代词关系副词24四、关系代词VS.关系副词1.Thisistheplayground__________wasbuiltforme.

2.Thisistheplayground__________Ivisiteveryday.

3.Thisistheplayground__________Istayeveryday.解题技巧：a.眼睛要尖，找先行词；b.将先行词跟定语从句连成一句话；c.判断合适的关系词。that/whichthat/whichwhere如何选定定语从句关系词1.分辨主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词（人/物/人和物）3.把先行词带到从句中，看其在定语从句中充当的成分（主语宾语定语状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语，宾语或定语则用关系代词，如果做状语则用关系副词。26五、特殊情况不能用which，只能用that的4种情况：1.先行词前面有修饰词：only,very,thebest（最高级）,thefirst（序数词）,all（不定代词）等；2.先行词本身是something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody,all等不定代词；3.用which提问的疑问句（避免重复，否则蹩脚）Whichistheman

that

youmetyesterday?4.先行词同时包括人+物Tellmeaboutthepeopleandthings

that/不填

youcameacrossonthetrip.五、特殊情况不能用that，只能用which的情况：(一句话口诀：介词后，逗号后不可用that）1.引导非限制性定语从句时TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlyapairofshortsandaT-shirt,whichwasastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.2.当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构时Weliveinanageinwhichmoreinformationisavaliablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.当先行词为人时只用that的情况1.由who引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复只用thateg：WhoisthemanthatistalkingwithMr.Black?当先行词为人时，只用who的情况1.先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he时，只用whoeg：Besidesourfamily,ourfriendsaretheoneswhoshareourjoyandsorrowwithus.2.在therebe句型中，先行词为人只用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句Thisisthemanwhohadoncestolenmywallet.去掉限定定从，主句的意思不一样。定从是告知信息inform的功能。RestrictiveClauseNon-restrictiveAttributiveClause特征1:用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用，译成两句话．Hewillgotoseehiswife,whoisinBeijing.他将去北京看望妻子，她在北京工作．（没有逗号翻译成：他将去看望在北京工作的那个妻子．）特征2:which可代指前面整句话，不可用that．非限定性定语从句Thisman,whohadoncestolenmywallet,wantstoworkinyourcompany.去掉非限定从，主句的意思仍然不变，但是情感有差异。非限定从，表暗示imply的功能。Isawthisbeautifulgirl,____________smilejustmelted(融化)meandalmostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.Step1先行词是______；Step2将先行词跟定语从句连成一句话：______smilejustmelted(融化)meandalmostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.Step3关系词需要占领_______________的位置，用_______。girlThegirl’s名词所有格girl’swhoseRevision六、ExerciseEx10:Useproperrelativeclausestocompletethesentences.1.Paulwasabasketballplayer________________________________________________________________2.Hisfavouriteplayerwasaguy___________________3.Heplayedintheteam_________________________4.Hehelpedhisteamwiththegame________________whowasusuallyonthebenchbeingareplacementwhowasonly1.6meterstallwhich/thatwascalledtheLionswhichmadehimaheroII.用适当的关系词将下列两个句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。1.Thechildrendon’tlikethebooks.Iborrowedthemfromthelibraryyesterday.2.Theboyswereindanger.

Thefiremenhavesavedthem.Thechildrendon’tlikethebooks(that/which)Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.Thefiremenhavesavedtheboyswho/thatwereindanger.3.Thisisthenurse.Ihavementionedherjustnow.4.What’sthenameoftheboy?Hisworkshavebeenpublishedinthefamousmagazine.Thisisthenurse(whom/who/that)Ihavementionedjustnow.What’sthenameoftheboywhoseworkshavebeenpublishedinthefamousmagazine?5.Lilywasnotonthetrain.Thetrainarrivedjustnow.Lilywasnotonthetrainthat/whicharrivedjustnow.1.Thelazyboywonthefirstprizeinthecompetition,______morethanwecouldexpect.2.WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,Ilkedhersweetandhopefu