2024届高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理(医学类)清单

高考英语阅读理解高频词汇超详细梳理（医学类）词汇解析：1.disable(v.)/dɪsˈeɪbl/使...失去能力例句：Theaccidentdisabledhimforlife.(这次事故让他终身残疾。)同义词：impair,cripple反义词：enable2.transplant(vt./vi./n.)/ˈtrænsplænt/移植(器官/植物)；移居例句：Thedoctorstransplantedanewheartintothepatient.(医生给病人移植了一颗新的心脏。)同义词(v.)：graft搭配：transplantsurgery(移植手术)3.prescribe(vt./vi.)/prɪˈskraɪb/开药方；规定，命令例句：Thedoctorprescribedantibioticsfortheinfection.(医生开了抗生素来治疗感染。)同义词(vt.)：order,recommend搭配：prescribemedication(开药)4.diagnose(vt./vi.)/ˈdaɪəɡnoʊz/诊断(疾病)；判断例句：Thedoctordiagnosedherwithpneumonia.(医生诊断她患有肺炎。)同义词：identify,determine搭配：diagnoseadisease(诊断疾病)5.soothe(v.)/suːð/缓和，使...安静，安慰例句：Thenursesoothedthecryingchild.(护士安慰了哭泣的孩子。)同义词：calm,comfort搭配：soothepain(缓解疼痛)6.alleviate(vt.)/əˈliːvieɪt/减轻，使...缓和例句：Themedicationalleviatedhersymptoms.(药物减轻了她的症状。)同义词：reduce,relieve搭配：alleviatesuffering(减轻痛苦)7.chronic(adj.)/ˈkrɒnɪk/长期的，慢性的，惯常的例句：Hesuffersfromchronicbackpain.(他患有慢性背痛。)同义词：persistent,long-term反义词：acute搭配：chronicdisease(慢性病)8.dizzy(adj.)/ˈdɪzi/晕眩的,傻的,(速度)极快的,困惑的例句：Shefeltdizzyandlightheaded.(她感到头晕目眩。)同义词：giddy,lightheaded搭配：feeldizzy(感到头晕)9.resistant(adj./n.)/rɪˈzɪstənt/抵抗的，反抗的；抵抗者例句：Thebacteriaisresistanttoantibiotics.(这种细菌对抗生素有耐药性。)同义词：immune,opposed搭配：antibiotic-resistantbacteria(抗生素耐药细菌)10.immune(adj./n.)/ɪˈmjuːn/免疫的；免疫者例句：Sheisimmunetochickenpox.(她对水痘免疫。)同义词：resistant,protected搭配：immunesystem(免疫系统)11.disorder(n./vt.)/dɪsˈɔːrdər/杂乱，混乱；扰乱例句：Thepatientsuffersfromasleepdisorder.(病人患有睡眠障碍。)同义词(n.)：disease,illness搭配：eatingdisorder(饮食失调)12.discomfort(n./vt.)/dɪsˈkʌmfərt/不便之处，不适；使不适例句：Sheexperiencedsomediscomfortafterthesurgery.(手术后她感到有些不适。)同义词(n.)：pain,ache搭配：causediscomfort(造成不适)13.syndrome(n.)/ˈsɪndrəʊm/综合征，综合症状；（不良情况的）典型表现，典型行为例句：Downsyndromeisageneticdisorder.(唐氏综合症是一种遗传疾病。)搭配：chronicfatiguesyndrome(慢性疲劳综合症)14.handicap(n./vt.)/ˈhændikæp/障碍赛,障碍;加障碍物，妨碍例句：Hisdisabilityisahandicapinfindingajob.(他的残疾是他找工作的障碍。)同义词(n.)：disadvantage,impairment搭配：physicalhandicap(身体障碍)15.strain(n./vt./vi.)/streɪn/张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘；拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力例句：Shestrainedamuscleinherback.(她背部肌肉拉伤了。)同义词(n.)：tension,stress搭配：musclestrain(肌肉拉伤)16.surgeon(n.)/ˈsɜːrdʒən/外科医生例句：Thesurgeonperformedtheoperationsuccessfully.(外科医生成功地进行了手术。)搭配：brainsurgeon(脑外科医生)17.physician(n.)/fɪˈzɪʃn/内科医生例句：Sheconsultedaphysicianaboutherheadaches.(她就她的头痛咨询了医生。)同义词：doctor搭配：familyphysician(家庭医生)18.pregnancy(n.)/ˈpreɡnənsi/怀孕例句：Sheannouncedherpregnancytoherfamily.(她向家人宣布了她怀孕的消息。)搭配：earlypregnancy(早期妊娠)19.remedy(n./vt.)/ˈremədi/药物，治疗法，补救;治疗，补救，矫正例句：Thereisnoeasyremedyforthisproblem.(这个问题没有简单的解决办法。)同义词(n.)：cure,treatment搭配：homeremedy(家庭疗法)20.bacteria(n.)/bækˈtɪəriə/细菌例句：Bacteriacancausemanydiseases.(细菌可以引起许多疾病。)搭配：harmfulbacteria(有害细菌)21.stress(n./vt./v.)/stres/紧张，压力；强调，着重；负载例句：Stresscanaffectyourhealth.(压力会影响你的健康。)同义词(n.)：tension,pressure搭配：reducestress(减轻压力)22.absentminded(adj.)/ˌæbsəntˈmaɪndɪd/心不在焉的，茫然的，恍惚的例句：Hewassoabsentmindedthatheforgothiskeys.(他心不在焉，以至于忘记了钥匙。)同义词：forgetful,preoccupied23.bandage(n.)/ˈbændɪdʒ/绷带例句：Thenurseappliedabandagetothewound.(护士在伤口上敷了绷带。)搭配：applyabandage(敷绷带)24.stroke(n./vt./vi.)/stroʊk/中风；冲程；笔画；打击；尝试；轻抚；抚摸；敲击；划尾桨；划掉；击球；作尾桨手；敲击键盘例句：Hesufferedastrokelastyear.(他去年中风了。)搭配：haveastroke(中风)25.capsule(n./vt./adj.)/ˈkæpsjuːl/荚膜,胶囊,简缩,太空舱；装入胶囊，简缩，概括；精简的，小巧的例句：Sheswallowedthecapsulewithaglassofwater.(她用一杯水吞下了胶囊。)搭配：vitamincapsule(维生素胶囊)26.pill(n./vt./vi.)/pɪl/药丸，无法逃避的讨厌事，屈辱事；服用药丸，把...制成药丸，被抢劫；起球粒，成丸状，阶段性完成例句：Hetakesapillforhisheadacheeverymorning.(他每天早上吃一片药来治疗头痛。)搭配：birthcontrolpill(避孕药)27.tablet(n.)/ˈtæblət/药片,匾,片状物例句：Thedoctorgavehersometabletsforhercough.(医生给了她一些药片治疗咳嗽。)同义词：pill搭配：painrelieftablet(止痛片)28.scar(n./vt./vi.)/skɑːr/疤痕，伤痕，断崖；结疤，使...有伤痕，痊愈例句：Thescaronherarmwasareminderoftheaccident.(她手臂上的伤疤提醒着她那次事故。)搭配：leaveascar(留下伤疤)练习：一、语法填空。Theoldmanistoo______(weak)tocarrytheheavybox.Thecompanyis______(willing)toofferyouahighersalaryifyouarequalified.She______(wipe)awayhertearsandcontinuedherspeech.He______(win)thefirstprizeintheNationalEnglishSpeechContest.The______(wide)useofcomputershasgreatlychangedourlife.______(with)thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlifeisbecomingmoreandmoreconvenient.Itis______(worthwhile)spendingtimewithyourfamily.I______(wonder)ifyoucouldhelpmewithmyEnglishstudy.We______(warn)thechildrennottoplayneartheriver.Thewasteoffoodisaseriousproblemthatneedstobe______(solve).二、单句改错。HeisveryinterestedinChinesecultureandwishestovisitChinaoneday.Thedoctorprescribedhersomemedicineandtoldhertotakeitthreetimeaday.Iwonderthathewillcometothepartyornot.Sheisaverycarefulperson,sosheseldommakesmistakesinherwork.Withalotofworktodo,hehadnotimetohavearest.三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。医生诊断他患有肺炎。(diagnose...with)Thedoctor______him______pneumonia.移植手术很成功。(transplantsurgery)The____________wassuccessful.他因车祸导致残疾。(disable)Hewas______bythecaraccident.这种药可以缓解疼痛。(alleviate)Thismedicinecan______pain.由于环境污染，许多人患有呼吸疾病。(disorder)____________environmentalpollution,manypeoplesufferfromrespiratory______.四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。尽管他很富有，但他并不快乐。(although)我想知道明天是否会下雨。(wonder)老师经常提醒我们上课要认真听讲。(remindsb.todosth.)这部电影值得一看。(beworthdoing)由于天气原因，航班延误了。(dueto)五、阅读理解（一）Passage1:AdvancementsinCancerTreatmentCancer,agroupofdiseasescharacterizedbyuncontrolledcellgrowthandspread,remainsamajorpublichealthchallengeworldwide.However,advancementsinmedicalresearchandtechnologyhaveledtosignificantimprovementsincancerdiagnosis,treatment,andprevention.Earlydetectionplaysacrucialroleinsuccessfulcancertreatment.Screeningtests,suchasmammogramsforbreastcancerandcolonoscopiesforcoloncancer,canhelpidentifycanceratanearlystagewhenitismorelikelytobecurable.Diagnosticimagingtechniques,suchasMRIandCTscans,providedetailedimagesofthebody,allowingphysicianstopreciselylocateandassesstumors.Treatmentoptionsforcancervarydependingonthetypeandstageofthedisease.Surgery,radiationtherapy,andchemotherapyarethemostcommonformsoftreatment.Surgeryaimstoremovethetumor,whileradiationtherapyuseshigh-energybeamstokillcancercells.Chemotherapyinvolvestheuseofdrugstokillorslowthegrowthofcancercells.Newertreatments,suchastargetedtherapyandimmunotherapy,offerpromisingresultsforcertaintypesofcancer.Targetedtherapydrugsspecificallytargetthemolecularchangesthatdrivecancergrowth,whileimmunotherapyhelpstoboostthebody'simmunesystemtofightcancercells.Despitetheseadvancements,challengesremain.Cancertreatmentcanbeexpensiveandhavesignificantsideeffects.Additionally,somecancersremaindifficulttotreat.However,ongoingresearchandclinicaltrialsofferhopeforfurtherprogressinthefightagainstcancer.1.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?(A)Thecausesofcancer(B)Thechallengesofcancertreatment(C)Advancementsincancerdiagnosisandtreatment(D)Thehistoryofcancerresearch2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommoncancertreatment?(A)Surgery(B)Chemotherapy(C)Radiationtherapy(D)Acupuncture3.Whatisthegoaloftargetedtherapy?(A)Toboostthebody'simmunesystem(B)Topreventthespreadofcancercells(C)Totargetspecificmolecularchangesincancercells(D)Toreducethesideeffectsofchemotherapy4.Whichwordinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“identify”?(A)Locate(B)Assess(C)Detect(D)Cure5.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthefutureofcancertreatment?(A)Pessimistic(B)Hopeful(C)Uncertain(D)IndifferentPassage2:TheImpactofStressonHealthStress,anaturalresponsetochallengingordemandingsituations,canhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonhealth.Insmalldoses,stresscanbemotivatingandhelpusperformbetterunderpressure.However,chronicstress,orstressthatispersistentandoverwhelming,cantakeatollonbothphysicalandmentalhealth.Physically,chronicstresscanmanifestinavarietyofways.Itcanleadtoheadaches,muscletension,fatigue,anddigestiveproblems.Stresscanalsoweakentheimmunesystem,makingusmoresusceptibletoinfections.Furthermore,chronicstresshasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskofheartdisease,highbloodpressure,andstroke.Mentally,chronicstresscancontributetoanxiety,depression,anddifficultyconcentrating.Itcanalsodisruptsleeppatterns,leadingtoinsomniaandfatigue.Furthermore,stresscanleadtounhealthycopingmechanisms,suchasovereating,smoking,orsubstanceabuse,whichcanfurtherexacerbatehealthproblems.Managingstressisessentialformaintaininggoodhealth.Effectivestressmanagementtechniquesincluderegularexercise,relaxationtechniquessuchasmeditationoryoga,spendingtimeinnature,andconnectingwithlovedones.Ifstressbecomesoverwhelming,seekingprofessionalhelpfromatherapistorcounselorcanbebeneficial.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(A)Toexplainthecausesofstress(B)Todiscusstheeffectsofstressonhealth(C)Topromotestressmanagementtechniques(D)Tocomparedifferenttypesofstress2.Whatisonephysicalsymptomofchronicstress?(A)Increasedcreativity(B)Improvedmemory(C)Enhancedphysicalcoordination(D)Fatigue3.Howcanstressweakentheimmunesystem?(A)Byincreasinginflammation(B)Bycausinghormonalimbalances(C)Bydisruptingsleeppatterns(D)Alloftheabove4.Whatisoneunhealthycopingmechanismforstressmentionedinthepassage?(A)Exercise(B)Meditation(C)Substanceabuse(D)Spendingtimeinnature5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestformanagingstress?(A)Avoidingallstressfulsituations(B)Usingmedicationtosuppressstressresponses(C)Implementinghealthylifestylechangesandstress-reducingtechniques(D)IgnoringstressandhopingitwillgoawayPassage3:UnderstandingMentalHealthDisordersMentalhealthdisorders,suchasanxiety,depression,andbipolardisorder,arecommonandcanaffectpeopleofallages,genders,andbackgrounds.Thesedisorderscanmanifestinavarietyofways,includingchangesinmood,behavior,andthinkingpatterns.Whiletheexactcausesofmentalhealthdisordersarecomplexandofteninvolveacombinationofgenetic,biological,andenvironmentalfactors,thereareeffectivetreatmentsavailable.Onecommonmentalhealthdisorderisanxiety,characterizedbyexcessiveworry,fear,andnervousness.Peoplewithanxietydisordersmayexperiencephysicalsymptomssuchassweating,rapidheartbeat,anddifficultybreathing.Depression,anotherprevalentmentalhealthdisorder,ischaracterizedbypersistentfeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,andlossofinterestinactivitiesonceenjoyed.Bipolardisorderisamooddisordercharacterizedbyextremeshiftsinmood,energy,andactivitylevels.Individualswithbipolardisorderexperienceepisodesofmania,characterizedbyelevatedmoodandenergylevels,andepisodesofdepression.Treatmentformentalhealthdisordersofteninvolvesacombinationoftherapyandmedication.Cognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)helpsindividualsidentifyandmodifynegativethoughtpatternsandbehaviorsthatcontributetotheirsymptoms.Medication,suchasantidepressantsormoodstabilizers,canhelptoregulatebrainchemistryandalleviatesymptoms.Itisimportanttoseekhelpifyouorsomeoneyouknowisstrugglingwithamentalhealthdisorder.Withpropertreatmentandsupport,individualswithmentalhealthdisorderscanleadfulfillingandproductivelives.1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?(A)Todescribethesymptomsofcommonmentalhealthdisorders(B)Toexplainthecausesofmentalhealthdisorders(C)Topromoteawarenessandunderstandingofmentalhealthdisorders(D)Toadvocateforincreasedfundingformentalhealthresearch2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasymptomofanxiety?(A)Excessiveworry(B)Difficultyconcentrating(C)Lossofappetite(D)Rapidheartbeat3.Whatisonecharacteristicofbipolardisorder?(A)Persistentfeelingsofsadness(B)Extremeshiftsinmoodandenergylevels(C)Excessiveworryandfear(D)Socialwithdrawalandisolation4.Whattypeoftherapyiscommonlyusedtotreatmentalhealthdisorders?(A)Physicaltherapy(B)Occupationaltherapy(C)Cognitive-behavioraltherapy(D)Speechtherapy5.Whatistheauthor'smainmessageregardingmentalhealthdisorders?(A)Theyareincurable.(B)Theyareasignofweakness.(C)Theyaretreatablewithprofessionalhelp.(D)Theyareonlyexperiencedbyasmallminorityofpeople.Passage4:TheImportanceofVaccinationVaccinationisoneofthemosteffectivepublichealthinterventionsinhistory,preventingmillionsofdeathsanddisabilitiesworldwide.Vaccinesworkbystimulatingthebody'simmunesystemtorecognizeandfightspecificdiseases.Theytypicallycontainweakenedorinactiveformsofvirusesorbacteria,whichtriggeranimmuneresponsewithoutcausingthefull-blownillness.Childhoodvaccinationprogramshavebeenparticularlysuccessfulincontrollingandeveneradicatingdiseasessuchaspolio,measles,andmumps.Theseprogramshaveledtoasignificantdeclineinchildhoodmortalityandmorbidity.Vaccinesarenotonlyimportantforchildrenbutalsoforadults.Certainvaccines,suchastheinfluenzavaccineandthetetanusbooster,arerecommendedforadultstomaintainimmunityandprotectagainstpotentiallyseriousillnesses.Whilevaccinesaregenerallysafeandeffective,theycancausemildsideeffects,suchassorenessattheinjectionsite,fever,orfatigue.Thesesideeffectsareusuallytemporaryandresolveontheirown.Inrarecases,vaccinescancausemoreseriousadversereactions,butthebenefitsofvaccinationfaroutweightherisks.Despitetheoverwhelmingevidencesupportingthesafetyandefficacyofvaccines,vaccinehesitancyremainsaconcern.Misinformationandmistrustofsciencecanleadsomeindividualstodelayorrefusevaccinationsforthemselvesortheirchildren.Thiscanhaveseriousconsequences,asitcanleadtooutbreaksofpreventablediseases.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?(A)Thehistoryofvaccination(B)Therisksandbenefitsofvaccination(C)Thesciencebehindhowvaccineswork(D)Thecontroversysurroundingvaccines2.Howdovaccineswork?(A)Bykillingvirusesandbacteria(B)Bystimulatingthebody'simmunesystem(C)Bypreventingthespreadofdisease(D)Bytreatingthesymptomsofdisease3.Whatisonepotentialsideeffectofvaccination?(A)Chronicpain(B)Fever(C)Organdamage(D)Cancer4.atisvaccinehesitancy?(A)Thefearofneedles(B)Thedelayorrefusalofvaccination(C)Thebeliefthatvaccinesareineffective(D)Thehighcostofvaccines5.atistheauthor'sviewonvaccination?(A)Itisunnecessary.(B)Itisdangerous.(C)Itisbeneficial.(D)Itiscontroversial.参考答案：一、语法填空。weak(形容词修饰名词，用形容词)willing(bewillingtodosth.固定搭配)wiped(根据语境，动作已完成，用过去式)won(win的过去式)wide(形容词修饰名词，用形容词)With(with+名词/代词+doingsth.伴随状语)worthwhile(itisworthwhiletodosth.固定搭配)wonder(wonderif/whether...固定搭配)warned(根据语境，动作已完成，用过去式)solved(needtobedone,need后面接动词的被动形式)二、单句改错。wishes→hopes(wish表示与现在事实相反的愿望，hope表示对将来的期望)time→times(threetimesaday一天三次)that→whether/if(wonder后面接if/whether引导的宾语从句)careful→careless(根据句意，此处应为“粗心”）With→Withsomuch(with复合结构，此处应用somuch修饰work)三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。diagnosed,with(diagnosesb.withsth.诊断某人患有...)transplant,surgerydisabled(disablesb.使某人残疾)alleviate(alleviatepain缓解疼痛)Dueto,respiratory,disorders(dueto由于；respiratory呼吸的；disorder疾病)四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。Althoughheisrich,heisnothappy.Iwonderwhetheritwillraintomorrow.Theteacheroftenremindsustolistencarefullyinclass.Thefilmisworthwatching/seeing.Theflightwasdelayedduetotheweather.五、阅读理解Passage1:AdvancementsinCancerTreatmentC(原文首段提到：“However,advancementsinmedicalresearchandtechnologyhaveledtosignificantimprovementsincancerdiagnosis,treatment,andprevention.”因此，文章主要关注癌症诊断和治疗方面的进展。)D(原文第三段列举了癌症的常见治疗方法：“Surgery,radiationtherapy,andchemotherapyarethemostcommonformsoftreatment