新标准大学英语文化中国4 教案 Unit 1 Money wise

NewStandardCollegeEnglishCulturalChinaB1

Teacher’sbook

Unit1Moneywise

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

B

Detailedunderstanding

FrugalitymeansrejectingwasteandextravaganceanditisanimportantvalueofChineseculture.

Frugalityhelpsbalancesavingandspending.Italsoofferssecurityagainstunexpectedeventsandemergenciesinthefuture.

Fortoday’syoungpeople,livingfrugallyimpliesfocusingonrationalconsumptionandcost-effectivenessratherthanlimitingconsumption.

Becausecanvasbagsarereusable,durable,andenvironmentallyfriendly.Inaddition,theyallowyoungpeopletoexpresstheircreativityandindividualitythroughdiversedesignsandcustomizationoptions.

Shetradedinheroldphoneandsaved500yuanonanewoneandshealsomademoneybysellingherusedfurnitureonline.

Theyusereusablecoffeecupsinsteadofdisposableonesandavoidbuyingplasticbagsatsupermarkets.

Frugalityatthesocietallevelpromotesresponsibleandsustainableconsumption,encouragingbusinessestoproducehigh-qualityandeco-friendlyproductsatreasonableprices.Italsofosterscollaborationandcommunitysupport,anditcanleadtoashiftinsocialvaluestowardsimplicity,moderation,andlong-termwell-being.

DuringtheHangzhouAsianGames,theorganizersfocusedonrenovatingexistingvenuesratherthanbuildingnewones,andtheeventprioritizedborrowingoverrenting,andrentingoverbuyingforfacilitiesandequipment,andanemphasiswasplacedonrecyclingandreusingwheneverpossible.Inaddition,staffmemberswereencouragedtobringtheirownwaterbottles.Therewerealsoavarietyofpromotionalactivities,ensuringthattheconceptof“frugalAsianGames”resonatedwiththepublic.

Languagefocus

disposablecups

promotionalactivities

onalert

optfor

rationalconsumption

Viewing

Videoscript

Thewayofdoingbusiness

InRecordsoftheGrandHistorian,SimaQianwrites,“Howquicklyaftergainthewholeworldraces!Howmadlyaftergainthewholeworldchases!”Theselinesareinterpretedasdepictingpeople’spursuitofmoneyandwealthwhentheydobusiness.However,Chinesepeoplebelievethatnotallformsof“profit”shouldbepursued.Businessisapracticerootedinhonestyandintegrity.Itisviewedasameansforadvancingtheentiresocietyratherthanjustfocusingonindividualgain.

ManyChinesebusinesspeopledemonstratesuchbusinessethicsandofferethicalguidanceforfuturegenerations.

Let’stakealookatthelifestoryofFanLi,agreatpoliticianinthestateofYueduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.AfterhelpinghiskingdefeatthestateofWu,FanLiresignedfromcourtandbeganacareerinbusiness.

Thecoreofhisbusinessphilosophyliesinseizingtherightmomentfortrade.Forexample,during

thesummer,peopledon’tbuyfurproducts,butbusinesspeoplecannotaffordtowaituntilthewintertostartstockingupongoods.Theyshouldpreparetheirinventoryduringthesummertoensureprofitabilitywhensellingtheminthewinter.FanLialsobelievedthatthepriceofgoodsmainlydependsonsupplyanddemandfluctuations.Whendemandexceedssupply,priceswillrise.

Therefore,ifthegovernmentaimstostabilizegrainprices,itshouldpurchasegrainwhenitischeapandsellitatafairpricewhenitbecomesexpensive.Thisapproachensuressocialstabilityandprevents“inflation.”

Thoughhavingaccumulatedanenormousamountofwealth,FanLineverlivedinluxury.Heusedhismoneytohelptheneedyinstead.Afterexhaustinghisfortune,hestartedabusinessagainandmadeanotherfortune,onlytodistributethemoneyoncemore.

AnotherbusinesspersonwhoadheredtoasimilarbusinessphilosophyisHuXueyan,aninfluentialmerchantduringtheQingDynasty.

HuXueyanfoundedHuqingyutang,aherbalpharmacythatstillexiststoday.AplaquewithtwoChinesecharactersmeaning“nodeceit”hangsattheentranceoftheinnerhallofthepharmacy.Thisteacheseveryonewhoworkstherethattheyshouldnotdeceivetheircustomersorsellinferiorproducts.

HuXueyandidalotforcharityinhislifetime.Heprovidedfoodforrefugeesandestablishedrefugeecenters,charityhalls,schools,andclinics.Heconsistentlymadedonationstoareasheavilyaffectedbyfloodsanddroughts.HeevenwentabroadtwicetobuybackancientChineserelicsthathadbeen

lostduringwars.

BusinesspeoplelikeFanLiandHuXueyanshowusthatprofitshouldnotcomebeforehonesty,integrity,andsocialresponsibility.Thisprincipleisincreasinglyembracedbymodernbusinessesworldwide.

Referenceanswers

Pre-viewing

pursuitofgain

conflict

righteousness

Viewingandunderstanding1

rightmoment

profitability

supplyanddemand

stabilize

fairprice

distributethemoney

inferiorproducts

donations

buyback

Languagefocus

Thepurposeofbusinessistogenerateprofitswhilesatisfyingtheneedsofsocietyandpromotingsocialdevelopment.Inbusinessactivities,thedecisionsandactionsofentrepreneursnotonlyinfluencethegrowthoftheirownenterprisesbutalsohaveafar-reachingimpactonthedevelopmentdirectionoftheentiresociety.Theessentialqualitiesofasuccessfulentrepreneurincludehonesty,integrity,andtheabilitytoseizetherightmomenttocontinuouslydevelopproductsthatmeetthemarketdemandthroughinnovation.Atthesametime,theyshouldalsopossessastrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.Forexample,whenthecountryisaffectedbynaturaldisasters,theycontributebymakingdonationsandprovidingreliefsupplies,tosharethenation’sburdens.

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

B

Detailedunderstanding

reedstyluses

silk

rough

warpedandrotten

trialanderror

MarquisCai’spaper

mass-produced

humancivilization

disseminateinformation

literate

technologicaladvancements

Languagefocus

seekout

Priorto

thecornerstoneof

trialanderror

remainsimperative

Unit2Wisdomonpages

Viewing

Videoscript

Thephilosophyofchanges

Thesunisneweveryday.Seasonschangefromsummertowinter.Lifeshiftsfrombirthtodeath.Changeshavebeenconstantandinevitable,andinChina,thereisabookaboutchange.ItisTheBookofChanges.

TheBookofChangescomprisestwokeycomponents:jingandzhuan.ItissaidthatjingwascreatedbyFuXiandJiChang.Mainlycomposedof64hexagramsand384lines,itisancient,obscure,butprofound.LegendhasitthatConfuciusreadjingsodiligentlythattheleathertiesthatboundthebambooslipstogetherbrokeseveraltimes.Forfearthatfuturegenerationsmightstruggletocomprehendjing,hecompiledzhuantoexplainit,including10articlesknownas“TenWings.”

TheBookofChangeswasonceregardedasadivinationbook.ButitisactuallyafundamentalresourceofChinesephilosophy.Thebookrevealsthewaythingschangebetweenheavenandearth.

Tounderstandtheconstantchanges,TheBookofChangesstatesthat“ThealternationofyinandyangconstitutestheWay.”Thisindicatestheexistenceofbothyinandyang,apairofoppositesthatlieinallthingsbetweenheavenandearth.Theiralternationandinteractionleadtothechangesofthings.Thiscoreconceptisseenasaguideforhumandevelopmentinaccordancewithnature,andforachievingallharmonyintheuniverse.

TheBookofChangesenlightensus,forexample,bystating:

“Justasheavenkeepsmovingforwardvigorously,amanofvirtueshouldstrivecontinuouslytostrengthenhimself.”

“Justliketheearth,whichisgenerousandpeaceful,amanofvirtueshouldhaveamplevirtueandaccommodateallthings.”

The“heaven”and“earth”inthestatementsarerepresentedbytheqianandkunhexagrams,symbolizingvigorandgentlenessrespectively.Thestatementsindicatethatapersonofvirtueshouldstrivecontinuouslytostrengthenthemselves,bebroad-minded,andcareforallthingsandpeople.

Tomanagetheconstantchanges,thebookencouragespeopletodoawaywiththeoldandsetupthenew.Thewordshaveaprofoundinfluenceonthethoughtsandactionsofmodernpeople,especiallytodaywhentheworldisinthemidstofgreatchanges.Thisunwaveringdeterminationtoembracechangeenablesustoprogresswithwisdomandcourage.

Referenceanswers

Pre-viewing

天行健，君子以自强不息。

地势坤，君子以厚德载物。

Viewingandunderstanding1

1) 64

2) 384

TenWings

divination

Chinesephilosophy

interaction

humandevelopment

strivecontinuously

setupthenew

embracechange

Languagefocus

AmongthenumerousgrandworksofancientChina,thereisawealthofcontentrelatedtophilosophyandsocialsciences,andwisdominnationalgovernance.Theseprovidedanimportantbasisforancientpeopletounderstandandtransformtheworld,andalsoprovidedrichcontentforthedevelopmentofChinesecivilization.Byrereadingtheseclassics,wecaninherittheChineseculturaltradition,acquirecommonemotionalvalues,andcultivatesharedidealsandspirits.Theseclassicworksmaybeobscureanddifficulttounderstandatfirstglance,butaswedelvedeeper,wefindthatfromthemwecandrawinspirationandguidanceformostquestionsaboutlife’sconfusionandfuturechoices.

Reading

Referenceanswers

Pre-reading

windingpaths

nowhere

zigzag

worldofcurves

Globalunderstanding

B

Detailedunderstanding

naturalworld

spatialvariations

twistsandturns

undulate

curveupward

birds

fulfillinglife

path

scattered

venture

illusionofspace

curves

static

Languagefocus

picturesqueeffect

asynthesisof

strollthrough

twistsandturns

theepitomeof

Unit3WindowsintoChina

Viewing

Videoscript

Discoveryofzhongguo

Inthe1960s,amajorarcheologicaldiscoverywasmadeaccidentallyinShaanxiProvince.Itwasanartifactinscribedwiththecharacterszhongguo,themodernChinesewordforChina.Asthefirstknown

instanceofthecharacterszhongandguobeingusedtogether,itwasasignificanthistoricalfind.

In1963,onasummerdayafterheavyraininBaoji,ShaanxiProvince,abronzevesselemergedfromunderacliffnearalocalfarmer’shouse.Unawareofthevessel’sculturalandhistoricalvalue,thefarmertookithomeandusedittostoregrain.In1965,thevesselwassoldtoarecyclingstation.Fortunately,astaffmemberfromalocalmuseumhappenedtopassbythestation,sawthevessel,andwasattractedbyitsappearanceanddecorativepatterns.Eventually,thevesselfounditswaytothemuseum.ItwasnamedTaotieBronzeZunbecauseofthepatternoftaotie,anancientChinesemythologicalcreature,onthevessel.

Tenyearslater,in1975,thevesselwassenttoBeijingtobeputondisplay.Beforeitwasexhibited,expertsremovedtherustfromit,anddiscovereda122-characterinscriptiononitsbase.TheydecodedtheinscriptionandfoundthatitrecordedhowthecityofLuoyangwasbuiltbyorderofKingChengoftheWesternZhouDynasty,andthevesselwascastbyamannamedHe.TaotieBronzeZunwasthereforerenamedHeZun.

What’smostsurprisingandnoteworthyisthattheinscriptioncontainsfourcharactersreadingzhaizizhongguo,meaning“livinginthecenterofthekingdom.”Thisisthefirstrecordeduseofzhongguo,literallymeaning“theMiddleKingdom.”Here,zhongresemblesaflagpolewithbanners,flutteringattheheartofatribe,drawingpeopletogether,andlatertakingontheextendedmeaningof“center.”Guoconsistsofthecomponentsfor“city,”“ditches,”and“weapons,”expressingthenotionof“holdingweaponstodefendthestate.”

Thisfurtherconfirmsthatover3,000yearsago,zhongguohadalreadyemergedasaconcept,andtheZhoupeoplethenwereusingittorefertothecentralareasunderthedirectcontroloftherulingdynasty.

Historyisthepast,buthistoryisnotlimitedtothepast.Welearnaboutitfromwhatisrecordedonbambooandsilk,onpotteryandstone,andonbronzewares.Ithelpsusunderstand,remember,andexploreouridentities.

ThevesselHeZunisarecordofhistory.Forthousandsofyears,ithadlaidhiddenunderground.Today,ithasbeenunearthedandhasbecomeanimportantlinkintheongoingstoryofChina.

Referenceanswers

Pre-viewing

HeZun

Viewingandunderstanding1

bronzevessel

founditsway

putondisplay

122-characterinscription

fourcharacters

centerofthekingdom

3,000years

record

Languagefocus

Culturalrelicsarewitnessestohistory.Chinahasmanyunearthedculturalrelicsandalmosteveryoneofthemhasaprofoundhistorybehindit.TheintricatesymbolsanddecorativepatternsonsomerelicsprovidearcheologistswithvaluableinformationaboutChinesehistory,helpingusbetterunderstandChinesecivilization.Now,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wecan“virtuallytour”museumsontheInternet,carefullyobservingthecompleteappearanceoftheculturalrelicsputondisplay,andperceivingtheuniquecharmofChinesecivilization.

Unit4Techhorizons

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

A

Detailedunderstanding

intercepted

deciphered

quantumphysics

encryptedmessages

chaoticcode

quantumsatellite

quantumkeydistributionexperiments

firsttrunkline

quantumstatestransmission

Languagefocus

Inrecentyears,quantumscienceandtechnologyhasdevelopedrapidlyandbecomethefrontierfieldinanewroundofsci-techandindustrialrevolutions.Acceleratingthedevelopmentofquantumscienceandtechnologyplaysacrucialroleinpromotinghigh-qualitydevelopmentandsafeguardingnationalsecurity.Therefore,China’sscientificandtechnologicalworkershavemadegreateffortstocatchupinquantumscienceandtechnology.Theyhavemadeanumberofsignificantinnovationsofglobalinfluence,includingthesuccessfullaunchoftheworld’sfirstquantumscienceexperimentalsatellite,theconstructionofa2,000-kilometerquantumcommunicationline‒theBeijing-ShanghaiTrunkLine,andthedevelopmentoftheworld’sfirstopticalquantumcomputingprototype.

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Videoscript

Knowinganddoing

InEnglish,theword“science”meansknowledge,and“technology”meansthepracticalapplicationofknowledge.Ortoputitsimply,scienceismoreabout“knowing,”andtechnologyismoreabout“doing.”Knowinganddoingareinextricablylinkedindrivinginventionsandinnovations.Sinceancienttimes,theinquisitiveChinesepeoplehaveexploredtheir“knowing”and“doing”aboutheavenandearth,whichleftindeliblemarksonthecourseofChinesecivilization.

Lookingatthesky,theChineseobservedcelestialphenomenaandinventedcalendars.Thebest

representativeistheShoushiCalendar,whichisthelongest-usedcalendarinChinesehistory.

IntheYuanDynasty,theastronomerGuoShoujingwasassignedthetaskofcompilingamoreaccuratecalendar.Tobetterobservecelestialphenomena,hebuilt27observatoriesacrossthecountry.Healsorenovatedandinventedoveradozenastronomicalinstruments.

Afteryearsofcarefulobservation,GuoShoujingandhiscolleaguesdevelopedanewcalendarcalledtheShoushiCalendar,alsoknownastheSeason-GrantingCalendar.Itdefinedayearas365.2425days.Theresultwasjust26secondsoffthecurrentmeasurementofayear.Thisprecisecalendarfosteredagriculturalproductivityandgreatlyimprovedpeople’slivelihood.

Onthevastland,theChinesepeoplehonedtheirskillsandcreatednumerousprojectsofglobalsignificance.TheGrandCanalisoneofthem.ConnectingBeijinginthenorthandZhejiangProvinceinthesouth,itistheworld’slongestman-madewaterway.

InChina,therearerelativelyfewnorth-southrivers.Therefore,north-southtransportationinancienttimesprimarilyreliedonlandroutes,whichweretime-consuming,labor-intensive,andcostly.Toefficientlytransportgrainandotherdailynecessitiesfromtheprosperoussouthtothenorth,anorth-southwaterroutewasessential.

Suchagrandengineeringprojectwastechnologicallychallenging.Large-scaletopographicalsurveyshadtobecarriedout,andthecanalhadtocrossmountainsandhills.Duetotheuneventopographyandtheneedfornavigation,lockshadtobebuilttoregulatethewaterlevel.Thecanalalsobearswitnesstospecificknow-howintheconstructionofdykes,weirs,andbridges,andtotheoriginalandsophisticateduseofmaterialssuchasstone,rammedearth,clay,andstraw.Allofthisexpertisewasnecessarytobuildtheworld’slargestandmostextensivecivilengineeringprojectpriortotheIndustrialRevolution.

Today,followinginourancestors’footsteps,theChinesepeoplearecontinuouslypushingtheboundariesofknowinganddoing.

Referenceanswers

Viewingandunderstanding

accuratecalendar

observatories

astronomicalinstruments4) 365.2425

waterroute

topographicalsurveys

locks

know-how

Languagefocus

honeherskills

bearswitnessto

assignedthetaskof

followedinhis/herfather’sfootsteps

specificknow-how

Unit5Ahealthierlife

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

Part1-bPart2-dPart3-aPart4-c

Detailedunderstanding

1D2B3D4D5B

Languagefocus

People’shealthisakeyindicatorofaprosperousnationandastrongcountry.Chinagivesstrategicprioritytoensuringthepeople’shealth,strengthenshealthmanagementformajorchronicdiseases,buildsuptheranksofmedicalandhealthcarepersonnel,placesimportanceonmentalandpsychologicalhealth,andpromotesthepreservationandinnovativedevelopmentoftraditionalChinesemedicine,etc.Inaddition,wealsopayattentiontoimprovingthepublichealthsystem,andimprovingtheearlywarningsystemformajorepidemicssoastoeffectivelycontainmajorinfectiousdiseases.Atthesametime,wefurtheradvancepatriotichealthcampaignsandpromotesound,healthylifestyles.

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The“magic”oftraditionalChinesemedicine

Plantscantreatdiseases.Heatedglasscupsandspecialthinneedlescanalleviateachesandpains.ThesearethemagicaleffectsoftraditionalChinesemedicine,orTCMforshort.

In2015,TuYouyou,aChinesescientistandphytochemist,wontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforherdiscoveriesconcerninganoveltherapyagainstmalaria.Duringtheresearchprocess,TuYouyouandherteamsearchedancientChinesemedicaltextsforinspiration.Finally,inAHandbookofPrescriptionsforEmergenciesdatingbacktotheEastJinDynasty,theyfoundareferencetoqinghao,asweetwormwoodplantthathadoncebeenusedtotreatintermittentfevers,asymptomofmalaria.TuYouyouandherteamthenextractedacompoundfromqinghao,andnameditqinghaosu,alsoknownasartemisinin.Thisremarkablediscoveryhassincesavedmillionsoflivesfrommalaria.

TraditionalChinesemedicineoriginatedfromanddevelopedthroughthedailylivesofpeopleandtheirbattleagainstdiseases.Inthedistantpast,theforebearsoftheChinesenationchancedtofindthat

someplantscouldalleviatespecificailmentsanddiscomfort.Peoplebegantoactivelyseekoutsuchremediesandmethodsfortreatingandpreventingdiseases.ThefoundationaltextinthisfieldisHuangDiNeiJing,alsoknownasYellowEmperor’sInnerCanon.Itdefinestheprinciplesandmethodsoftreatment,andestablishestheframeworkoftraditionalChinesemedicine.

AbasicconceptintraditionalChinesemedicineisqi,whichisdescribedasa“vitalforceoflife”thatsurgesthroughthebody.Anyimbalanceinqicancausediseasesandillnesses.

PractitionersoftraditionalChinesemedicinebelievethatthebalanceofqicanberestoredthroughavarietyoftreatments.Theseincludeherbalmedicine,whichinvolvestheuseofdecoction,powder,orpillsmadefromplants.Anothermethodisacupuncture.Thisinvolvesinsertingoneorseveralsmallmetalneedlesintoprecisepointsonthebody’sskinandunderlyingtissues.There’salsocupping,whichuseswarmedglassjarstocreatesuctiononcertainpointsofthebody.Lastly,thereistuina.Itinvolvesmassagingandapplyingpressuretospecificareasofthebody.

Today,traditionalChinesemedicinecontinuestoflourish,offeringuniqueapproachestotreatingmanydiseases.IthasbeenwidelyadoptedasamainstreamtreatmentinChina,andhasalsogainedrecognitionaroundtheworldasapartofmedicalcareinmanycountries.

Referenceanswers

Viewingandunderstanding

ancientChinesemedicaltexts

extractedacompound

dailylives

alleviate

treatingandpreventingdiseases

framework

imbalance

avarietyoftreatments

Languagefocus

noveltherapy

surgethrough

chancedtofind

achesandpains

alleviatediscomfort

Unit6Voicesfromthepast

Reading

Referenceanswers

Globalunderstanding

A

Detailedunderstanding

1)5,000

prehistoricrice-cultivatingcivilization

functionalzones

varyingheights

earliestknown

5,000-yearcivilization

aristocratictombs

monsoonseason

Languagefocus

Understandinghistoryisinseparablefromarcheology.Eacharcheologicalsiteandeachunearthedculturalrelicreshapeourunderstandingofancientmaterialandspiritualcivilization.Throughthecontinuouseffortsofgenerationsofscholars,theresearchresultsofmajorprojectssuchastheprojecttotracetheoriginsofChinesecivilizationtestifytoChina’smillionsofyearsofhumanhistory,tenthousandyearsofculturalhistory,andoverfivethousandyearsofcivilizationhistory.Onlybyprotecting,inheriting,andutilizingtheprecioushistoricalandculturalheritageleftbyourancestorscantheChineseculturalheritagecontinuetothrive,andtheflameofcivilizationbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

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Videoscript

SeekingknowledgeinChina

Chinaisland.Chinaishistory.Chinaiscivilization.Chinaispeople.

InStrategiesoftheWarringStates,arenownedhistoricalworkfromancientChina,thereisacommentaboutzhongguoortheMiddleKingdoms:“zhongguoisanareawherewisepeoplecongregate,variousassetsconglomerate,wiseandcapablepeopleextendtheirteachings,principlesofbenevolenceandrighteousnessar