银行系统招聘考试（阅读理解）模拟试卷3

银行系统招聘考试（阅读理解）模拟试卷3一、阅读理解(本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。)From:PeterLiTo:ClemensLeeDearMr.Lee:Iencloseanillustratedsupplementtoourcatalogue.Itcoversthelatestdesignswhicharenowavailablefromstock.Wearemostgratifiedthatyouhave,forseveralyears,includedaselectionofourproductsinyourmail-ordercatalogues.Theresultingsaleshavebeenverysteady.Webelievethatyouwillfindournewdesignsmostattractive.Theyshouldgetaverygoodreceptioninyourmarket.Onceyouhavehadtimetostudythesupplement,pleaseletusknowifyouwouldliketotakethematterfurther.Wewouldbeveryhappytosendsamplestoyouforcloserinspection.Wewillkeepyouinformedonourprogressandlookforwardtohearingfromyou.Yoursfaithfully,PeterExportManagerMay23th,20131、Whatisthecontentoftheenclosedsupplement?A、Newproductmanual.B、ProductCatalog.C、Addresslist.D、Staffhandbook.标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。题干问：附件补充的内容是什么?定位到邮件正文第一段前两句Iencloseanillustratedsupplementtoourcatalogue.Itcoversthelatestdesignswhicharenowavailablefromstock.(随函寄上我们目录的附页一份，它涵盖了最新的产品设计，现在库存充足)，可推断出附件补充的内容应是新产品手册，即newproductmanualProductCatalog产品目录没有体现出是新产品；addresslist地址列表及staffhandbook员工手册，均没有提到。故本题选A。2、Whatisthemainpurposeofthisletter?A、Topromotethenewproductsforcooperativeenterprise.B、Tointroducetheproduct.C、Tothankthemforlettingtheresultingsaleshavebeensteadyseveralyears.D、ToestablishtheNorthAmericanmarket.标准答案：A知识点解析：主旨题。文章第一段即表明了写这封信的主要意图。作者说在目录中附了带图的新产品的介绍，并且在最后两句说了自己的新产品肯定会很受欢迎，由此可知，作者是在向收信人推销新产品。根据第一段中间部分可以看出，收信人连续好几年都买他们的产品，所以收信人是他们的合作伙伴。第二段第二句Wewouldbeveryhappytosendsamplestoyouforcloserinspection.(我们很乐意寄样品给您细看)也表明了作者是在推销新产品。综合以上分析可知，作者写这封信的目的是向合作伙伴推销新产品，故本题选A。ServingBritainfor250years,LloydsBankisfocusedonhelpingthepeople,businessesandcommunitiesofBritainachievefinancialprosperity.InJune1765,Taylors&LloydsopenedasaprivatebankinBirmingham.ThebankwasestablishedbySampsonLloyd,aQuakerandironfounder,andJohnTaylor,aUnitarianandcabinetmakeralongwiththeirtwosons.Fornearly100years,thebusinessprosperedfromasingleBirminghamoffice.TheassociationwiththeTaylorfamilyendedin1853.Today,theLloydsBankblackhorseisoneofthemosticonicandenduringlogosintheUK.Buticonsarenotcreatedovernight.Infact,thestoryoftheblackhorseparallelsthestoryofBritishbankingitself.Thelogodatesbacktoatleast1677whenitwasusedbyLondon'sLombardStreetgoldsmiths,theforerunnersoftoday'smodernbanks.Then,itwasadoptedbyBarnetts,Hoares&Coonthesamesite,beforebeinginheritedbyLloydsBankin1884.TheblackhorsehasnowbeenincontinuoususebyLloydsBankfor130yearsandtoday,isoneofthemostrecognisedBritishicons.Apotentsymbolofthebank'sstrengthandstability.DecadesofmergerssawLloydsBankgrowfromitsBirminghambasetoanationalandinternationalbank.ItmergedwithTSBin1995tobecomeLloydsTSBBank.AlongthewayLloydsBanktookoverthefirmthatinventedtheTravellersCheques,launchedthefirstATMmachineintheUKandplayedaleadingroleinoneofthefirstUKcreditcards.LloydsBankandTSBmergedin1995tocreateLloydsTSBGroup,oneofthelargestforcesinBritishdomesticbanking.Thenewgroupcontinuedtoexpand,andin2000acquiredScottishWidows,whichitselfhasalongheritage,datingbackto1815andtheNapoleonicWars.In2009LloydsBankingGroupwasformedwhenLloydsTSBGroupacquiredHBOSwhoseownrootsstretchbackto1695throughtheBankofScotlandbrand.On9September2013LloydsTSBonceagainbecametwoseparatebanks—LloydsBankandTSBBank.2013markedthere-emergenceofLloydsBankasamodernbank,steepedintradition,committedtobrilliantserviceandhelpingUKconsumersandbusinessesprosper.Withover1,300highstreetbranchesbackedbyonline,mobileandtelephonebanking,andanetworkofCommercialBankingandPrivateBankingrelationshipmanagers,LloydsBankservesmillionsofcustomers.AttheheartofLloydsBankisourfocusonthethingsthatmattertoourcustomers,andtoBritain:homes;businessgrowth;jobs;andcommunities.LloydsBankisoneoftheUK'sleadingretailandcommercialbanks.ThebankhasalongandproudhistoryofhelpingthepeopleofBritainwiththethingsthatmattermosttothem.Committedtopeopleandbusinesses,LloydsBankoffersacomprehensiverangeoffinancialproductsandservices—includingcurrentaccounts,savings,mortgages,loansandcreditcards.TheBank'sprivatebankingteamhelpsservetheneedsofthewealthiestcustomers,whileitsnetworkofoverahundredcommercialbankingofficessupportsbusinessesofallsizes.LloydsBankcanproudlysayitistheUK'sbiggestfunderofstart-upfinanceforsmallbusinesses.3、TherelationshipbetweenTaylorfamilyandLloydsBankterminatedintheyearof________.A、1677B、1765C、1865D、1853标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。由题干定位至第一段，第三句提到LloydsBank最初由Lloyd和Taylor两家创办，最后一句“TheassociationwiththeTaylorfamilyendedin1853.”提到与Taylor家族的合作关系于1853年结束，由此得到答案为D。4、Whatdoestheword"parallels"meaninthispassage?A、Resembles.B、Asserts.C、Differs.D、Appears.标准答案：A知识点解析：猜词题。根据题干定位到第二段第三句，根据后文提到的，黑马这个标志的发展史，与英国银行的发展是一样的，都是从很久以前，发展到现在。A项“相似，与……类似”，B项“坚持；声称，断言”，C项“与……不同”，D项“出现”。5、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A、LloydsBank’slogoisblackhorse.B、London’sLombardStreetgoldsmithsisthefatherofmodernbank.C、BlackhorseisfirstusedbyLloydsBank.D、Theblackhorsepowerfullystandsforstrengthandstability.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。题干问下面选项中哪个是错的。根据第二段及第三段可知，blackhorse是LloydsBank的标志，因此A项表述正确；由第二段第四句“Thelogodatesbacktoatleast1677whenitwasusedbyLondon’sLombardStreetgoldsmiths，theforerunnersoftoday’smodernbanks.”可知B项的描述正确，C项错误；由第三段可知D项的描述正确。6、ItcanbeinferredfromLloydsBank’swayofsuccessthat_______.A、thebankovercomesnumerousdifficultiesinitsdevelopmentB、thebankinventstheTravellerschequesandATMC、therearecontinuousacquisitionswhichhelpthebankexpandD、ScottishWidowsitselfhasalonghistory标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。虽然LloydsBank的发展经历了合并、扩张、分离等过程，但A项的推断在原文中没有具体体现，因此属于过度推断；由第五段可知B项的表述本身就是错误的；由第六段第二句中“…ScottishWidows，whichitselfhasalongheritage，datingbackto1815andtheNapoleonicWars”可知D项表述是正确的，是事实不是推断。由文章第四段第一句“DecadesofmergerssawLloydsBankgrowfromitsBirminghambasetoanationalandinternationalbank.”可以推断出C项正确。7、WhatservicetheLloydsBankdoesnotprovide?A、Creditcards.B、Investment.C、Loan.D、Savings.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。由文章最后一段第三句“…LloydsBankoffersacomprehensiverangeoffinancialproductsandservices—includingcurrentaccounts，savings，mortgages，loansandcreditcards”可得答案为B。Whetheryou'rebuyingyourfirsthome,lookingforabetterdealorsimplywanttoknowmoreaboutmortgages,wecanhelp.Whenyou'rethinkingofbuyingyourfirsthome,youshouldlearnaboutthesizeofdeposityou'llneed,howmuchyoucouldborrowandwhetheryou'reeligibleforamortgage.We'llonlylendyouacertainpercentageofeitherthepurchasepriceorthepropertyvaluation,whicheverislower.Soyou'llneedtousesomeofyourownmoneytobuytheproperty—adeposit.Weusuallyaskforatleasta5%depositfromyourownmoney.However,themoredeposityouputdownthelessyouhavetoborrow.Thiswillultimatelysaveyoumoneyandyoucanoftengetacheapermortgageproduct.Aswellasyourdeposit,thereareothercostsassociatedwithbuyingapropertyandtakingoutamortgage.Typicalonesthatapplytomostbuyersincludeconveyancingfees,StampDutyLandTax/LandandBuildingsTransactionTax(propertiesinScotland),valuationfeesandLandRegistryfees.Youcanuseouronlinecalculatortogetanideaofhowmuchyoucouldborrow.Or,togetabetterindicationwecanprovideyouwithanAgreementinPrinciple(alsocalledaMortgagePromise).We'llstartbyaskingaboutyourincome,forexampleyourbasicsalaryandanyregularovertimeorbonuses.We'llalsoaskaboutyourregularoutgoings,forexample,creditcardorpersonalloanrepayments,andwe'lltaketheseoffyourincome.Afterthat,wemakeafurtherallowanceforaverageday-to-daylivingexpenses.Thisallowsustoseehowmuchwethinkyoucanaffordforyourmortgagepaymenteachmonth.Aspartofourprocessofassessing,whetherwethinkyoucanaffordtheloan,we'llaskyourpermissiontocontactacreditreferenceagency.Theycangiveusinformationabouthowyou'veconductedyourfinancesinthepast,howmanycreditcommitmentsyou'vegotandhowlongtheywilllastandwhetheryou'vekeptthepaymentsuptodate.We'llusecreditscoringtohelpusdecidewhethertolendyoumoney.Wecanalsouseittosetinterestratesforsomeproducts.Creditscoringworksbyawardingyoupointsbasedontheinformationthatyougiveusaboutyourself,wealreadyhaveaboutyouandifyou'veanexistingrelationshipwithusisonyourcreditfileatthecreditreferenceagency.Weusethisinformationtopredicthowbigariskwe'retakingbylendingyoumoney.Ifyouscoreenoughpoints,we'llprovideyouwithanAgreementinPrinciple,alsoknownasaMortgagePromise.Aslongasonepersonapplyinghasneverownedapropertybefore,youcanapplyforafirsttimebuyermortgagewithLloydsBank.Youshouldmeetthefollowingqualification.YoumustbebuyingaUKproperty.YoumustbeaUKresidentorhavefullrightstoresideintheUK.Youmustbeatleast18yearsold,andyourmortgagemustusuallyendbeforeyoureach75.Ifyourmortgagetermextendspastyournormalstatepensionageoryourexpectedretirementage—whicheverhappenssooner—we'lllookatyourretirementincometoworkoutwhetherwethinkyoucanaffordthemonthlypayments.Ifyou'retakingoutajointmortgage,it'stheageoftheoldestpersonthat'stakenintoaccount.HereweexplainyouwhatAgreementinPrinciple(AIP)is.AnAIPprovidesyouwithapersonalisedcommitment-freemortgagepromiseofhowmuchwemightbeabletolendyou.Anditshouldtakenolongerthan15minutestogetone!Ifyou'rebuyingahomeit'llgiveyouaclearideaofwhichpropertyyoucouldafford.EstateagentswilloftenasktoseeanAIPtoshowthatyouareacommittedbuyer.Wedowhat'scalledasoftcreditcheckaspartoftheprocess.Softcreditcheckscanonlybeseenbyyourselfonyourcreditreportanddonotaffectyourcreditratingorabilitytoborrowfromotherlendersorourselvesinthefuture,evenifyou'redeclinedanAIPonthisoccasion.Ifyouapplybetween6a.m.~9p.m.MondaytoSaturday(or8a.m.~6:30p.m.Sunday)you'llreceiveyourdecisiononthespot.Outsideofthosetimes,you'llreceiveanemailwithyourdecisionbymiddaythenextworkingday.8、Whichofthefollowingmayneedtheinformationofferedbythetext?A、Peoplewhowanttobuyahouseforthefirsttime.B、Peoplewhowanttobuyahouseandletit.C、Peoplewhowanttomovetheirmortgage.D、Peoplewhoneedamortgagefortheirfirsthouse.标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。题目问：下面哪项需要本文提供的信息?问的正是本文的主旨大意。答案在第一段主题段，第一句提到mortgage，第二句前半句给出前提“…thinkingofbuyingyourfirsthome”，两句结合起来可以得到答案为D。9、Accordingtothetext,whoislikelytoapplyforafirsttimebuyermortgagewithLloydsBank?A、MissTinawhoisgoingtobuyanewhouseinNewYork.B、Mr.Wilsonwhoonlygeta5-yearworkvisainLondon.C、Mrs.GreenwhoisaUKresidentandgetahigh-salaryjob.D、Lamwhoisa17yearsoldstudentinhighschoolbuthasapart-timejob.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。题目问：根据本文，谁可以申请第一套房的抵押贷款?问的是申请条件，根据题干可以定位到第八段以及后面的三个条件：必须买英国的房产；必须是英国居民或者有居住权的人；必须年满18岁且75岁之前必须完成还款。根据这三个条件筛选，得出答案为C。10、What’stheadvantageofabigdepositnumber?A、Youcanoftengetacheapermortgageproduct.B、Youcanpaythebanklessthan5%ofyourdeposit.C、Youwon’tneedtosubmityourincomeinformation.D、Youcanenjoyalowerinterestrate.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据题干可以定位到第二段第四句和第五句，由此可得答案A。由第二段第三句“Weusuallyaskforatleasta5%depositfromyourownmoney.”可以确定B项错误；由第四段内容可以排除C；D项过于绝对。11、WhichofthefollowinginformationisNOTusedbythebanktopredictarisk?A、Basicsalary.B、Regularoutgoings.C、Thecompanyyouworkedin.D、Averageday-to-daylivingexpenses.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中predictarisk定位到第七段首句“Weusethisinformationtopredicthowbigariskwe’retakingbylendingyoumoney.”其中的thisinformation指上面几段提到的内容，由此向上寻找可以在第四段找到A、B、D三项的描述，因此答案为C。12、ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatanAIP_________.A、isnecessaryforyoutoapplyformortgageB、isoftenrequiredbyEstateagentsC、canbegoton9p.m.SundayD、willaffectyourcreditrating标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。根据题干可以定位到倒数第三段，由本段最后一句话“EstateagentswilloftenasktoseeanAIPtoshowthatyouareacommittedbuyer.”可以推断出答案为B。Technologygreatlyhelpsalotofpeople.Teensusecomputersormobilephonestodohomework,communicateandsharingpictureswiththeirfriendsandtohavesomefun.Internetholdsahugeamountofinformationandteenagerscangetalmostanythingtheywanttoknowfromtheirsmartphonesorcomputers.However,atthesametime,scientistsandeducatorsbecomemoreandmoreconcernedthatthefrequentuseofmobilephonesfromanearlyagemayleadtophysicalandcognitiveproblems.Ourincreasingdependenceonsmartphoneshasgivenrisetotheterm"nomophobia"or"no-mobile-phonephobia".Ifsomeonehasnomophobia,itmeansthatheorshefeelsuneasywhenbeingunabletousemobilephones.OnesurveyfromtheUKshowedthat66%ofrespondentshavesomeformofnomophobiaand41%ofthemsaidtheyhadtwoormorephones.Smartphoneaddictioncouldbechangingyourbrain.AstudyfromSouthKoreaconductedonteenagersshowedthatthebrainsofthosewhowereaddictedtophoneshadhigherlevelsofaneurotransmitterwhichcouldleadtoweakbraincontrolandattention."It'saverysmallstudy,soyouhavetotakeitwithagrainofsalt,"saidStanfordneuroradiologistDr.MaxWintermark,anexpertwhowasnotconnectedwiththeresearch."It'sthefirststudythatIreadaboutinternetaddiction.Buttherearemanystudiesthatlinkalcohol,drugandothertypesofaddictiontotheneurotransmitterchangesinthebrain."Anotherstudygotsimilarresult.Toolittlesleepandtoomuchscreentimewereclearlylinkedtoadrop-offincognitiveskills,suchaslanguageability,memoryandtheabilitytofinishatask,accordingtothereportpublishedbyTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth."Wefoundthatmorethantwohoursofrecreationalscreentimeinchildrenwasassociatedwithpoorercognitivedevelopment,"saysleadauthorJeremyWalsh,aresearcherattheChildren'sHospitalofEasternOntarioResearchInstitute."Basedonourfindings,paediatricians,parents,educatorsandpolicymakersshouldpromotelimitingrecreationscreentimeandprioritisinghealthysleeproutinesduringchildhoodandadolescence."Walshandhisteamlookedatdata—basedondetailedquestionnaires—for4,520childrenspreadacross20locationsintheUnitedStates.Theyalsotestedthekidsforsixkindsofcognitiveskills,adjustingtheresultsforhouseholdincome,pubertydevelopmentandotherfactorsthatmightaffectperformance.TheresultsweremeasuredagainsttheCanadian24-hourMovementGuidelinesforchildren.Forsleepandexercise,therecommendationsalignwiththoseoftheWorldHealthOrganization,butCanadaisthefirstcountrytoproposelimitsfortimespentinfrontofaback-litscreen.13、Whatkindoftheharmsofsmartphonesisthisarticlemainlytalkingabout?A、Theharmtobrainandcognitivehealth.B、Theharmtostudents’testingscores.C、Theharmtophysicalorbodyhealth.D、Theharmtopeople’sleepquality.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干：这篇文章主要谈论的是智能手机造成的哪一种危害?文章介绍了两个研究，一个是韩国的研究，证明的是智能手机对大脑的危害(第三段)，另一个是JeremyWalsh等人的研究，证明的是智能手机对认知能力的危害(第五段)，故A项“对大脑和认知健康的危害”符合文章大意，故本题选A。B项“对学生考试成绩的危害”和D项“对人们睡眠质量的危害”在文中均未提及；C项“对身体健康的危害”只是文章内容的一部分，并不能全面概括文章内容。14、Whatstrategydidtheauthorapplytoexplaintheharmsofthesmartphones?A、Bypresentingtheories.B、Bycitingresearchdata.C、Bytellingussomestories.D、Byusingfamouspeople’swords.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。题干：作者运用了什么策略来解释智能手机的危害?文章第三段首句“Smartphoneaddictioncouldbechangingyourbrain.(智能手机上瘾可能会改变你的大脑)”就点明了智能手机危害人的大脑；接着作者通过引用韩国对青少年进行的一项研究来说明智能手机成瘾可能会导致大脑控制力变弱和注意力不集中。第五段前两句“Anotherstudygotsimilarresult.Toolittlesleepandtoomuchscreentimewereclearlylinkedtoadrop-offincognitiveskills，suchaslanguageability，memoryandtheabilitytofinishatask，accordingtothereportpublishedbyTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.(另一项研究得出了相似的结果。根据发表在《柳叶刀儿童与青少年健康》上的一份报告，睡眠不足和长时间看屏幕与认知能力，如语言能力、记忆力和完成任务的能力下降有明显关联)”通过引用研究报告来说明智能手机对认知能力的危害。综合以上分析可知，作者是通过引用研究数据来解释智能手机的危害的，故B项“引用研究数据”正确。A项“通过提出理论”、C项“通过给我们讲故事”和D项“通过使用名人的话语”均与文章不符，故答案为B。15、WhydoesDr.MaxWintermarkmentionalcohol,drugaddiction?A、Toshowtherearelessstudiesonphoneaddictionthanonalcoholanddrug.B、Toclaimthatphoneaddictionisworsethanalcoholanddrugaddiction.C、Tosuggestthatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoalcoholanddrugaddiction.D、Toimplythataddictiontophonesaresimilartoalcoholanddrugaddiction.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。题干：马克斯·温特马克博士为什么提到酒精和药物成瘾?根据题干关键词“alcohol，drugaddiction”定位到文章第四段最后两句“It’sthefirststudythatIreadaboutinternetaddiction.Buttherearemanystudiesthatlinkalcohol，drugandothertypesofaddictiontotheneurotransmitterchangesinthebrain.(这是我读到的关于网络成瘾的第一份研究。但是有许多研究将酒精、药物和其他类型的成瘾与大脑中神经递质的变化联系起来)”可知，酒精、药物和其他类型的成瘾与大脑中神经递质的变化有关。根据文章第三段可知，智能手机成瘾可能会改变你的大脑。综合以上分析可知，智能手机成瘾与酒精和药物成瘾类似，D项“暗示智能手机成瘾与酒精和药物成瘾相似”符合该意思。A项“表明对智能手机成瘾的研究少于对酒精和药物的研究”、B项“宣称智能手机成瘾比酒精和药物成瘾更严重”和C项“建议我们应该更多地关注酒精和药物成瘾”均不符合文章意思。故本题选D。16、WhichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthorDISAGREEonprobably?A、Peopleshouldlimitthetimespentinplayingwiththeirsmartphones.B、Teachersshouldnotallowtheirchildrentousesmartphonesinschools.C、Smartphonesareuselesstoteenagersanditisnotnecessarytoownone.D、Studentsnowarenear-sightedmainlybecausetheyhaveexcessivescreentime.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。题干：作者可能不同意以下哪一项表述?A项“人们应该限制玩智能手机的时间”，选项关键词为limit，根据关键词定位到文章第六段“Basedonourfindings，paediatricians，parents，educatorsandpolicymakersshouldpromotelimitingrecreationscreentimeand…(根据我们的发现，儿科医生、家长、教育工作者和决策者应该提倡限制智能手机的使用时间……)”，故A项符合文意。根据文章第一段最后一句“However，atthesametime，scientistsandeducatorsbecomemoreandmoreconcernedthatthefrequentuseofmobilephonesfromanearlyagemayleadtophysicalandcognitiveproblems.(然而，与此同时，科学家和教育工作者越来越担心，从小就频繁使用手机可能会导致身体和认知问题)”可知，教育工作者已经认识到了频繁使用手机对学生的影响，由此可推断，教师不会允许学生在学校使用手机，B项“老师不应该允许孩子在学校使用智能手机”符合该意思。该句指出从小就频繁使用手机可能会导致身体问题，视力下降也是身体问题的一部分，故D项“现在的学生近视主要是因为他们看屏幕时间过长”符合文意。根据第一段中的“Internetholdsahugeamountofinformationandteenagerscangetalmostanythingtheywanttoknowfromtheirsmartphonesorcomputers.(互联网拥有大量的信息，青少年几乎可以从智能手机或电脑中获得任何他们想知道的东西)”可知，对青少年来说，智能手机并不是完全没有用的，因此，C项“智能手机对青少年来说毫无用处，没有必要拥有智能手机”的说法过于绝对，不符合文意，故本题选C。Fromtheearliesttimes,manhasbeeninterestedinart.Peoplehaveoftenworkedtogethertocollectandsavetheworld'sarttreasure.FinearttreasuresfrommanycountriesarekeptinanartmuseumcalledtheLouvreinParis,France.TheworksofarthavebeencollectedbythepeopleofFranceovermanycenturies.TheLouvrehasnotalwaysbeenamuseum.Thefirstbuildingwasafort.In1190,itwasthekings'castlewithhighwallsandaroundtower.Ithadamoattokeepouthisenemies.Overtheyears,thenumberofbuildingsaroundthecastlegrew.By1350,thecastlewasnolongerneededasafort.TheLouvrebecameapalacehomeforFrenchkingsandqueens.WhenFrancisIbecamekingofFrancein1515,hebroughtinartistsfrommanycountries.OneoftheartistswasLeonardoDaVincifromItaly.DaVinci'sMonaLisaisthebestknownpaintinginthemuseumtoday.In1973,theLouvrebecameapublicmuseum,justasitisnow.Itisaplacewheretreasureshavebeensavedforeveryonetoenjoy.17、Whatisn’tmentionedinthetext?A、ThefirstbuildingoftheLouvre.B、ThebestknownpaintingintheLouvre.C、ThetimewhentheLouvrebecameapublicmuseum.D、ThepersonwhoplayedanimportantroleinbuildingtheLouvre.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。题目问文中未提到的信息。A项在第二段中有所体现：Thefirstbuildingwasafort；B项在最后一段“DaVinci’sMonuLisaisthebestknownpaintinginthemuseumtoday.”提到最著名的画；C项在最后一段“In1793，theLouvrebecameapublicmuseum…”提到。只有D项“ThepersonwhoplayedanimportantroleinbuildingtheLouvre.”未提到。18、Beforebecomingapublicmuseum,whichhadnottheLouvrebeen?A、Fort.B、Castle.C、Moat.D、Palacehome.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据文章第二段“Thefirstbuildingwasafort.In1190，itwastheking’scastlewithhighwallsandaroundtower.Ithadamoat…”可得出theLouvre卢浮宫曾经作为炮台、城堡，但是并没有作为护城河。第二段最后一句“TheLouvrebecameapalacehomeforFrenchkingsandqueens.”则可排除B。19、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A、Frenchpeoplearemoreinterestedinartthanpeopleinothercountries.B、TheLouvrekeepsfinearttreasuresfromallovertheworld.C、FrancisIwasakingwholovedart.D、EveryonehasaccesstotheLouvre.标准答案：D知识点解析：推断题。根据原文“In1973，theLouvrebecameapublicmuseum，justasitisnow.”可知既然卢浮宫已经成为公众博物馆，那么，每个人都可以进入参观，因此D项正确。20、Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeusedtoconcludethepassage?A、TheLouvreisaworld-famouspublicmuseum.B、ManythingshashappenedtotheLouvre.C、TherearemanyfinearttreasuresintheLouvre.D、Afteralonghistoryandmanychanges,theLouvrebecamewhatitisnow.标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。文章第一段指出卢浮宫是收藏了来自世界各地的艺术品的艺术博物馆。之后则重点介绍了它的演变历史，故D项符合。SurveysbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)revealthat,inthepast4years,12countriesinAfrica,AsiaandtheAmericashavesurpassedacceptablelevelsofdrugresistanceagainsttwodrugsthatconstitutethebackboneofHIVtreatment:efavirenzandnevirapine.PeoplelivingwithHIVareroutinelytreatedwithacocktailofdrugs,knownasantiretroviraltherapy,buttheviruscanmutateintoaresistantform.TheWHOconductedsurveysfrom2014to2018inrandomlyselectedclinicsin18countries,andexaminedthelevelsofresistanceinpeoplewhohadstartedHIVtreatmentduringthatperiod.Morethan10%ofadultswiththevirushavedevelopedresistancetothesedrugsin12nations(see"Resistancerises").Abovethisthreshold,it'snotconsideredsafetoprescribethesameHIVmedicinestotherestofthepopulation,becauseresistancecouldincrease.ResearcherspublishedthefindingsthismonthinWHOreport."Ithinkwehavekindofcrossedtheline,"saysMassimoGhidinelli,aninfectious-diseasespecialistatthePanAmericanHealthOrganizationinWashingtonDC.Overall,12%ofwomensurveyedhadadrug-resistantformofHIV,comparedwith8%ofmen.Particularlyconcerning,saysthereport,isthehighlevelofresistanceininfantswithHIVinsub-SaharanAfrica.Between2012and2018,aboutone-halfofnewlydiagnosedinfantsinnineofthecountriesinthisregionhadaformofHIVthatwasresistanttoefavirenz,nevirapineorboth.Thecausesofdrugresistanceremainelusive,saysSilviaBertagnolio,aninfectious-diseasephysicianattheWHOinGeneva,Switzerland,andco-authorofthereport.Butdrug-resistantHIVmightdevelopwhenpeopleinterrupttreatment,shesuggests.Forexample,manywomenlivingwiththevirusmighthavetakenantiretroviralsduringpregnancytopreventtheirbabiesfrombecominginfected,butstoppedafterdelivery.TheWHOrecommendedthispracticeuntil2015,whenitsuggestedthatpregnantandbreastfeedingwomenusethedrugsforlife.Theprevalenceofresistanceinpeoplewhorestartedefavirenzandnevirapineafterinterruptingtreatmentwasmuchhigher(21%)thaninfirst-timeusers(8%).PeoplelivingwithHIVmightgoonandoffthedrugsforseveralreasons.Stigmaplaysahugepart,saysBertagnolio;theymightnotwanttobeseenpickinguptheirmedicine.Drugshortagesatclinicscouldalsocontribute,thereportnoted.Inresponsetotheevidence,theWHOhasrecommendedthatcountriesusedolutegravir,whichismoreeffectiveandtolerablethanothertherapies,asthego-toHIVdrug.Thelikelihoodthattheviruswilldevelopmutationand,eventually,resistanceislowerwithdolutegravirthanwithotherantiretrovirals,saysRogerParedes,aninfectious-diseasephysicianattheGermansTriasiPujolUniversityHospitalinBarcelona,Spain."Wehavetoencourageaworldwidetransitiontodolutegravir,"headds.21、Whatmaybethecauseofdrugresistance?A、Efavirenzandnevirapine.B、Treatmentinterruption.C、Drugshortages.D、Treatmentdelivery.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。题干：耐药性产生的原因可能是什么?此题的关键词是“causeofdrugresistance”，根据关键词定位到文章第八段“Thecausesofdrugresistanceremainelusive，saysSilviaBertagnolio…Butdrug-resistantHIVmightdevelopwhenpeopleinterrupttreatment，shesuggests.(SilviaBertagnolio说耐药性产生的原因仍然是难以捉摸的，但她认为当人们中断治疗的时候可能会促使耐药性艾滋病的形成)”，第九段和第十段给出了例子和数据对她的假设进行了证明。A项“依法韦伦和奈韦拉平”，根据选项内容定位至原文第一段最后一句可知，这两种药物是目前治疗艾滋病的主要药物，并不是产生耐药性的原因，故排除；C项“药物短缺”，根据选项内容定位至原文倒数第二段“PeoplelivingwithHIVmightgoonandoffthedrugsforseveralreasons…Drugshortagesatclinicscouldalsocontribute(携带艾滋病毒的人可能会出于几个原因时断时续地使用药…诊所的药品短缺也可能是原因之一)”，由此可知，药物短缺是人们时断时续地使用药物的原因之一，并不是产生耐药性的直接原因，故排除；D项“治疗实施”，文中没有提到，故排除。故本题选B。22、Whichgrouphasahighestdrug-resistantformofHIV?A、Theaged.B、Babies.C、Men.D、Women.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题：题干：哪一类人的艾滋病产生耐药性的比例最高?根据题干关键词“drug-resistant”定位到文章第六、七段，第六段提到“Overall，12%ofwomensurveyedhadadrug-resistantformofHIV，comparedwith8%ofmen.(总的来说，在接受调查的女性中，有12%的人感染耐药性艾滋病，男性则为8%)”。第七段首句谈到…saysthereport，isthehighlevelofresistanceininfantswithHIVinsub—SaharanAfrica.(据报道，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，患有艾滋病的新生儿具有较高的耐药性)，由此点明患有艾滋病的断生儿耐药性较高，接下来通过数据进行具体说明，即“Between2012and2018.aboutone-halfofnewlydiagnosedinfantsinnineofthecountriesinthisregionhadaformofHIVthatwasresistanttoefavirenz，nevirapineorboth.(在2012至2018年间，撒哈拉以南地区的9个国家中，约半数的患有艾滋病的新生儿已经对依法韦伦、奈韦拉平或两者都产生了耐药性)”，由此可知，患艾滋病的婴儿产生耐药性的比例最高，其次是女性，最后是男性。故本题选B。23、WhatisthereasonwhypeoplestopusingdrugstotreatHIV?A、Becauseoftheprevalenceofresistanceindrugs.B、BecausethetherapiesofHIVarenoteffectiveandtolerable.C、Becausemostpeopledon’thavethemoneytopayforexpensiveHIVdrugs.D、Becausetheybelieveitisamarkofshameanddiscredittocontinuethedrugs.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题：题干：人们停止使用药物治疗艾滋病的原因是什么?本题的关键词是“reason”“stopusingdrugs”，根据题干关键词定位到文章倒数第二段“PeoplelivingwithHIVmightgoonandoffthedrugsforseveralreasons.Stigmaplaysahugepart，saysBertagnolio；theymightnotwanttobeseenpickinguptheirmedicine.Drugshortagesatclinicscouldalsocontribute，thereportnoted.(患艾滋病的人时断时续地使用药物的原因有很多。Bertagnolio说羞耻是其中重要的一个原因；他们不想被人看到还在吃药。报告中