Unit+1+A+New+Start知识点梳理练习 高中英语外研版必修第一册

U1知识点梳理第一节词汇变化：eagernessn．渴望 eageradj.迫切的，渴望的beeagerforsth. 渴望得到… beeagertodosth. 渴望做…ness后缀的名词小结illness 疾病happiness 幸福loneliness 孤单darkness 黑暗kindness 善良①Her(eager)movedallthepeople.②Theoldmaniseager(come)backtohishometownafterlivingabroadformanyyears.③Thechildrenareeagermoreknowledge.2.explorev.考察；探险explorern.探险家explorationn.探险①Ican'twaittobeginmy(explore)．②Heisoneofthe(explore)whowereluckyenoughtosurvivetheaccident.③Assoonasthe(explore)arrivedatthecity,theybegantheir(explore).3.impressionn.印象impressv.印象impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的have/leavea(n)...impressiononsb.给某人留下…的印象impresssth.on/uponsb.=impresssb.withsth. 使某人牢记某事beimpressedby/at/with 对……印象深刻①Mynewteacher'srichknowledgeandhumoroustalkleftadeep(impress)onus.②Myfather(impress)thevalueofhardworkme.＝Myfatherimpressedmethevalueofhardwork.③Forsomereason,she(impress)withmyworkandme.动词＋后缀ion变名词：impressvt.→impressionn.印象;感想expressvt.→expressionn.表达;表情 discussvt.→discussionn.讨论4.organizev.组织organizationn.组织organizedadj.有组织的organizesb.todosth. 组织某人做某事去e加ation名词后缀imagine→imagination想象explain→explanation 解释explore→exploration 探索starve→starvation 饥饿①heymayapplytojointhe(organize).②Ourschoolorganizedus(visit)theoldpeople'shomelastweek.③Heisagenerousbusinessmanandgivesmoneytomanycharity(organize)．5.challengev./n.挑战 challengingadj.有挑战性的challengesb.todosth. 挑战某人做某事 faceachallenge面对挑战 acceptachallenge接受挑战①Thenewgovernment'sfirst(挑战)istheeconomy.②Ilearnfromthemillionsofwomenwhohavefacedthesuccessfully.③Choosingagiftcanbeareal.6.calmadj.沉着的，冷静的calm(sb)down冷静下来，平静下来 keepcalm保持冷静①Hisfriendwsusetndhedeciddto②在危险面前，我们应保持冷静。esoldinfeofdn.重点短语：1.seniorhigh 高中2.inpanic 惊慌地3.onebyone 一个接一个地4.overandoveragain 反复5.introduceoneself 自我介绍6.underpressure 有压力；处于压力下7.dependon 依靠；取决于8.keepcalm 保持镇静9.makethemostof 充分利用10.turnaround 转身11.butterfliesinone’sstomach情绪紧张Basicsentencestructures句子成分：主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语同位语及独立成分等。句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物n.pron.num.v-ing

不定式、短语或句子Theteacherisverykindtous.Idntlikeppmusi.谓语说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征动词或动词短语ehvefinishdorworklread.Iwllwitforyoutthescholgt.宾语指动作所涉及的人或事物n.pron.num.v-ing

不定式、短语或句子Hewroeanyplay.Shelvsswiing.表表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征n.pron.num.v-ing

不定式、短语或句子HelooksvyanSheisalvrgir.定语对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明adj.pron.adv.n.num.介词短语非谓语动词及句子等It'sanintngstr.Doouhvetieohlpus状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当elieEnglshveryuh.HrunclelisinCanad.补语补足主语和宾语的意义名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当I'enversnherainIishouaapywend同位语若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物（n.)，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。esunsshoudstdyhrd.LiHua,aiddleschoolstuden,osfromtheS. emustt. 2.. 4.Abymeetsagildringabeak.5.Myneism. 6.Mymumbruhteanewdictinar.．Theteachrfondthelssroompt. ．Threre66stdentsinorlss.常见的连系动词有：1)be动词2)感官动词：feel,look,smell,sound,taste3)表示“变化”的词：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,turn4)表示“保持”：keep,remain,stay5)表示“好像”：appear,seem6)表示“证明”：prove(tobe),turnout(tobe)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词Using

“TO”Meaningaward

sb.

sth.

=

award

sth.

to

sb.颁奖给某人bring

sb.

sth.

=

bring

sth.

to

sb.把某物带给某人hand

sb.

sth.

=hand

sth.

to

sb.把某物递给某人lend

sb.

sth.

=

lend

sth.

to

sb.把某物借给某人mail

sb.

sth.

=

mail

sth.

to

sb.把某物寄给某人offer

sb.

sth.

=

offer

sth.

to

sb.将某物给某人owe

sb.

sth.

=

owe

sth.

to

sb.欠某人某物pass

sb.

sth.

=

pass

sth.

to

sb.把某物递给某人pay

sb.

sth.

=

pay

sth.

to

sb.付给某人某物（钱）post

sb.

sth.

=

post

sth.

to

sb.把某物寄给某人read

sb.

sth.

=

read

sth.

to

sb.把某物读给某人听return

sb.

sth.

=

return

sth.

to

sb.把某物还给某人send

sb.

sth.

=

send

sth.

to

sb.把某物送给某人sell

sb.

sth.

=

sell

sth.

to

sb.把某物卖给某人serve

sb.

sth.

=

serve

sth.

to

sb.拿某物招待某人show

sb.

sth.

=

show

sth.

to

sb.拿某物给某人看take

sb.

sth.

=

take

sth.

to

sb.把某物拿给某人teach

sb.

sth.

=

teach

sth.

to

sb.教某人某物tell

sb.

sth.

=

tell

sth.

to

sb.告诉某人某情况throw

sb.

sth.

=

throw

sth.

to

sb.把某物扔给某人write

sb.

sth.

=

write

sth.

to

sb.给某人写信双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词Using

“FOR”Meaningbook

sb.

sth.

=

book

sth.

for

sb.

为某人预定某物buy

sb.

sth.

=

buy

sth.

for

sb.

为某人买某物choose

sb.

sth.

=

choose

sth.

for

sb.

为某人选某物cook

sb.

sth.

=

cook

sth.

for

sb.

为某人煮某物draw

sb.

sth.

=

draw

sth.

for

sb.

为某人画某物fetch

sb.

sth.

=

fetch

sth.

for

sb.

为某人去取某物find

sb.

sth.

=

find

sth.

for

sb.

为某人找到某物fix

sb.

sth.

=

fix

sth.

for

sb.

为某人准备某物get

sb.

sth.

=

get

sth.

for

sb.

为某人拿来某物make

sb.

sth.

=

make

sth.

for

sb.

为某人做某物order

sb.

sth.

=

order

sth.

for

sb.

为某人订购某物pick

sb.

sth.

=

pick

sth.

for

sb.

为某人采摘某物prepare

sb.

sth.

=

prepare

sth.

for

sb.

为某人准备某物save

sb.

sth.

=

save

sth.

for

sb.

为某人留某物sing

sb.

sth.

=

sing

sth.

for

sb.

为某人唱某物（歌）spare

sb.

sth.

=

spare

sth.

for

sb.

为某人让出某物steal

sb.

sth.

=

steal

sth.

for

sb.

为某人偷某物按照要求，写出下列画线句子的成分ThethtretiktshvesodotThiskidoflothsheswell.

．Whatousidjutnwmdemeveryhappy.

．Couldougivemethelttr？

．IwillstudyhrdtolrnEnglishwll

6.PofsorSith,ormththilrtuntohisountrytoorr.

．sfarsIko,Maryisagodstdent

．eisakidlad.单句翻译：1.为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。（主谓）2.我们学校准备举行一场英语口语比赛。（主谓宾）3.最近几年，我们已经互相建立了良好的友谊。（主谓宾）本次展出的主题是环境保护。（主系表）总之，我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。（主系表）6.幸运的是，她答应再给我一个机会。（主谓双宾）7.我想邀请你下周六和我们一起去拜访附近的敬老院。（主谓宾宾补）时间过得很快。（主谓状）我有空会和我的父母进行一次面对面的交流。（主谓宾状）10.这个句子里有个拼写错误。（therebe）第二节词汇变化arguev．争论；辩论 argumentn.争论arguefor/against赞成/反对 arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事arguewithsb.about/oversth. 与某人争辩某事 beyondargument无可争辩①关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点。It'snousearguingthequestionwithhim.Hewon'tchangehisopinion.②Iargueherofgoingoutaloneatmidnight.③他反对吸烟并且坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩的。Hesmoking,andinsistedthatitwasbeyondargumentthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth.④Myparentsareinhuge(argue),andIwasupsetaboutit.⑤大部分学生都同意他的计划Mostofthestudents.2．graduatev．毕业 n．大学毕业生 graduationn.毕业；毕业典礼graduatefrom...毕业于(…学校) graduatein...毕业于(…专业) grdteshool研究生院grdtionrtificate毕业证书ttndthegrdtion参加毕业典礼①他是剑桥大学物理学专业毕业的。HephysicsfromCambridgeUniversity.②他是北京大学毕业生。HeisaBeijingUniversity.③HewillgraduateOxfordUniversitynextyear.④After(graduate)fromcollege,hehasbeendevotinghislifetoeducation.3．momentn．时刻；片刻；时机atthemoment 此刻 foramoment 一会儿 themoment(that)＝assoonas一…就…moment后的定语从句多由when引导，moment在从句中充当时间状语。①生活中，每个人都有难忘的时刻。Everyonehasunforgettableinherlife.②我一见到他就知道没希望了。IsawhimIknewthattherewasnohope.③很抱歉我现在非常忙。I'mverybusy.I'mreallysorry.④Shallwegooutforawalk?--Sorry.Thisisnot(适当的时机)toinviteme.Iamtootiredtowalk.4．selectv．挑选；选择selectsb./sth.forsth. 为…挑选某人/某物 selectsb./sth.assth. 挑选某人/某物为…selectsb.todo 选择某人做某事①他希望入选国家队。Hehadhopesofbeingthenationalteam.②克拉克先生被评为年度最佳教师。MrClarktheBestTeacheroftheYear.③他是班上唯一被选上参加模拟联合国大会的学生。He'stheonlystudentintheclassthathasbeentakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.④Heselectedacellphonepersonaluse. select精选，是从同类的许多事物或人中仔细辨别后选出最合适的。请给你妹妹精心挑选一些好的草莓。Pleaseafewnicestrawberriesforyoursister.choose泛指选择，可不带宾语。我们有各种旅游度假方式可供选择。Weofferawiderangeofholidaystofrom.pick随意挑选，通常所指的事项不是很重大，是不太正式的用词。她为自己挑了一块蛋糕。Sheapieceofcakeforherself.5.particularadj.特殊的，特别的；挑剔的inparticular 尤其，特别 beparticularabout/over... 对…挑剔①他对吃的东西特别挑剔，而不在乎金钱。Hefoodwhilehedoesn'tcareaboutmoney.②她特别喜爱那首歌，因为她的母亲过去经常唱。Shelovesthesong,becausehermotherusedtosingit.③Shehasalreadytriedherbest.Pleasedon'tbetooparticularherjob.④Ihave(没有什么特别的)todothisevening,solet'sgooutforawalk.takeup拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用时间(空间)①罗杰斯学了一段时间的绘画，但很快便失去了兴趣。Rogerspaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.②开会和接电话占用了一天中的大部分时间。Meetingsandphonecallsalargepartoftheday.take相关短语：takein吸收；领会；收留；欺骗 takeoff起飞；脱掉；开始成功 takeon呈现；开始雇佣takeover 接收；接管 takeout拿出；获得①她用一番花言巧语完全把我骗住了。Shemecompletelywithherstory.②找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有了起色。MywritingcareerwhenIdiscoveredmyownstyle.③医生拔掉了约翰的五颗牙。ThedoctorfiveofJohn'steeth.7．goallout全力以赴①我们要鼓足干劲赶上他们。Wehavetoandcatchupwiththem.