Unit+2+Success+Lesson+3+Getting+to+The+Top+冠词语法高中英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第一册

4.Articles冠词1.Beijingisahugecity.2.Ittakesanhourtogettherebybus.3.ThesmalllocalschoolinParkvillecloseddownfiveyearsago.4.Itwasaquietvillage.5.Theyhadasmallhouse,closetofieldsandhills.6.Arnwickbecameacitywithoveramillionpeople.7.Butitdescribeswhatishappeningallovertheworld.8.Arnwickwasacitywith200,000people.9.Iampreparingsomenotesforareport.Observe1.冠词是虚词，是限定词的一种，不能单独使用，常用于修饰名词。3.在很多场合我们还会看到零冠词的提法，所谓零冠词就是不使用冠词。Articles冠词2.冠词有两种形式：不定冠词a/an

&定冠词the不定冠词的用法不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。首次提到某人某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。如：

Iampreparingsomenotesforareport.

我在为一个报告做些笔记。例:-Whynottake____friendwithyou?-That’s____goodidea.A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a2.表示“每一”的概念，相当于every。Thatmakesover131.4millionbirthsayear.(ayear=everyyear)这就意味着每年有超过1.314亿人出生。例:Takethemedicinethreetimes____day.A.aB.theC.anD./例:______steelworkermakessteel.A./B.AC.ThisD.Thata(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中asteelworker是指钢铁工人们。表示“一类”有三种方式：①Abikeisslowerthanacar.②Thebikeisslowerthanthecar.③Bikesareslowerthancars.3.用于可数名词单数形式之前，表示人或事物的类别。如：Mymotherisadoctor.我母亲是一位医生。4.某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。如：haveagoodtime,inahurry,haveabreak,alotof,havealook,withasmile…例1：Tomhas____highfeverandhismotherislookingafterhim.

A.aB.theC.anD./例2：Marytakes____walkaftersuppereveryday.A.theB.aC./D.onegive,take,have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。haveatalk(bath,look)makealiving(promise)takeaswim(walk,rest)giveatalk(whistle,smile)

例:Thereis____“f”and____“u”intheword“four”.A.an,aB.a,aC.an,anD.a,an在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。1.元音音素开头的单词不一定是元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)开头。

u发音[ju:]或[ju]时前面用冠词a，

u读[ʌ]时前面用冠词an。2.26个字母中开头以元音音素发音的字母有：

f[ef],h[eitʃ],l[el],n[en],r[a:],s[es],x[eks]在使用不定冠词时要注意a与an的不同：*a

用在辅音音素开头的单词前;*an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。注意1.Thereis____“R”intheword.2.Thisis_____Europeancountry.3.Thisis_____one-eyeddog.

an

a

a

Exercise指前文提到过的人或物，或特指某人或某物。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或物。定冠词的用法①Ihaveadogandacat.Thedogisbrownandthecatisblack.②Theoldmanwiththickglassesistheirhistoryteacher.Ihadtowritethereporttwicelastterm!例1:Thereis___bridgeovertheriver.___bridgeismadeofstone.A.a,AB.a,TheC.the,TheD.the,A

例2:___oldworkersunderthattreearefromShanghai.A.TheB.AnC.ThisD.That3.用于序数词以及形容词的最高级之前。Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld,andIndiahasthesecondlargestpopulation.中国是世界上人口最多的国家，印度次之。例1:____firstonesatdownandthesecondstoodup.A.TheB.AC.OneD.An例2:Winteris___coldestseasonoftheyear.A.aB.theC./D.so例:___moonmovesaround___earth,andtheybotharesmallerthan____sun.A.The,the,theB.A,an,aC.The,an,theD.The,the,a4.用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如：Themoonisfarsmallerthantheearth.月球比地球小得多。例:Welivein____southofChina.A.theB./C.aD.some

5.用于表示方位的名词前。如：

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.

上海位于中国的东部。6.用于江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：thePacificOceantheNiletheGreatWallofChinatheAlps例:There

are

countless

islands

in

_____Pacific

Ocean.

A.aB.anC.theD./例:Iwasplaying____pianoateightyesterdaymorning.A.aB./C.theD.this

play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。AlicelikestoplaytheviolinwhileKatelikestoplaytheflute.7.用在乐器名称的前面表弹奏。如：Canyouplaytheguitar?你会弹吉他吗？例:___youngshouldcareforandhelp___old.A.The,aB.The,theC.A,theD.An,anthe＋形容词(形容词名词化)表示一类人或事物。

thepoor/therich/thesick/thebeautiful8.在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人或物。如：Shedevotedherlifetohelpingthepoor.她毕生都在帮助穷人。例:____BrownsarewatchingTVathomeatthemoment.A./B.TheC.Mr.D.A9.用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。如：TheSmithsarecomingtovisitonSaturday.周六史密斯一家要来访。10.用于某些固定短语中。如：

inthemorningthedayaftertomorrowlistentotheradioatthemomentgotothebeachbytheway…例1:Lastnightwewentto____cinema.A.theB.aC./D.those例2:Ourteachergetsupearlyin__morning.A.theB./C.aD.an牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。

intheafternoon(evening)／inthedaytimeatthebeginning／intheend例3:Thereisalargeshipin____middleoftheriver.A.aB./C.theD.any牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。ontheright(left)/inthefrontof…/inthemiddleof/intheforest/atthefootofthehill名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、所有格或数词等作定语，则其前面不再用冠词。如：

Myschoolbagisnotred.

我的书包不是红色的。Ihavetwoquestionstoask.

我有两个问题要问。例:Thereisno____bookonthedesk.A.theB.aC.anD./零冠词的用法2.在球类活动、棋类、学科名称和表三餐的名词前不用冠词。如：Thelittlegirllikesplayingchess.这个小姑娘喜欢下棋。例1:Theseboysplay___footballafterclass.A.aB.theC.thatD./例2:Hedoesn’thave___breakfastathome.A.aB.theC.thisD./表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿……的饭”，可加a。haveabigsupper(nicelunch)3.在表示洲名、国名、人名以及专有地名的名词前不加冠词。如：Asiaisthelargestcontinentintheworld.亚洲是世界上最大的洲。例1:Theyoftentakeawalkin___HydePark.A.theB.aC./D.this例2:Istudies___Englishin___England.A./,/B.an,theC.an,anD./,the学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。*learnChinese(maths,physics,chemistry)*ChinaisinAsia.*inGermany(Japan)*inAfrica(Europe…)4.在节假日、星期、季节、月份等名词前不加冠词。如：Women’sDayisonMarch8th.妇女节是3月8日。例1:Wehavenoclasseson____Sundays.A.theB.theseC.／D.those例2:___Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.A.TheB.AC./D.That分析:表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the:*Springiscoming.*HewasborninDecember.如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。*Hewasbornin

thesummerof1964.例:____runningisgood.A.TheB.AC./D.An

5.V-ing形式前一般不用冠词。

Walkingonthemoonisdifficult.

在月球上行走是十分困难的。例:Wegotoworkby__bus.A./B.aC.theD.one6.表示交通工具的手段时，用“by＋名词”表示，该名词前不用冠词。如：bybike(taxi,car,train,plane,spaceship)或bysea(water,air,land)例:Thestudentsof____GradeOnearehavingameeting.A.theseB./C.aD.an7.名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词＋名词表示顺序时，序数词前加冠词the。turntopage3/thethirdpageLessonOne/thefirstlessongateFive/thefifthGate例:Heoftenworkslateat____night.A./B.theC.aD.all8.表示时间或地点的一些“介词＋名词”的词组和一些固定词组中，均不加冠词。如：athomeintownatnooninfactatdaybreakintroubleindanger…注意：有些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：1)attable

在吃饭

atthetable

在桌子旁2)inclass

在上课

intheclass

在班级中3)gotoschool

去上学

gototheschool

到那所学校去4)gotobed

上床睡觉

gotothebed

到床那边去5)infrontof

在……(范围外)的前面

inthefrontof

在……(范围内)的前部1.(2020全国卷II)Theplumtreesare______firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.2.(2019全国卷I)Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort­listed,wethoughtitwas______joke.3.(2019浙江卷)Everybodywears_____samestyleofclothes.链接高考theathe4.(2018全国卷II)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover_____past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.5.(2018全国卷III)Unexpectedly,I’mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat_____topofherlungs.thethe

1.WhydoOlympicathletespushthemselvesto_____limits?2.Imiss______birthdayparties,ruinfamilyholidaysandskipnightsout.3."Wereworriedaboutyou,"saidmyfriendfromacross______table.4.Don'ttheyknowhowharditistobeat______topinsport?5....becauseIwastoobusyhiringacarindowntown______Johannesburg.6.Iwasbornwithanenormousamountof______driveanddetermination.7.Iwas______onlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.8.Butifyourdreamistobe______bestandreachthewinner'splatform,youhadbetterbetotallycommittedtoyoursport.Completethesentenceswithdefinitearticletheorzeroarticles.the/thethe//thethetheonlygirlFindexamplesfortherulesaboutdefinitearticletheandzeroarticlesfromthesentencesinActivity10.Example:thebestthesacrificespushthelimit…Johannesburgbirthdaypartiesdrive1.Howfarisitfrom______capitalcity?2.Didyousee______lastepisodeofHeroes?3.I’veb