衔接点01 名词、冠词（初高考点差异及衔接）（原卷版）-2024-2025初升高衔接资料（新高一暑假学习提升）

衔接点01名词、冠词（初高考点差异及衔接）名词初中要求主要集中在名词的可数和不可数，以及名词构词法，同时还学习了名词所有格的用法。高中要求高中阶段，在名词方面，还会加强对单复数、所有格的考查，所学内容更深；同时，更注重名词在语境中所表达的含义。题型多为单项填空和语法填空题，个别地区的短文改错题和完形填空题也会对名词进行考查。【初中名词考点聚焦】考点1.名词词义辨析1.—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful!

A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research考点2.名词的数和格2.Weofferedtolookafterour(邻居的)dogwhenshewasaway.

3.Someofmy(英雄)arerealpeople，andsomearefromstories.

考点3.名词的构词法4.Foryourown(safe)，youshouldn’tclimbmountainsalone.

5.Everyone’ssmallactsof(kind)canmakeabigdifferencetotheworld.

【高中名词考点聚焦】考纲解读名词除了考查其词义辨析外,还常结合其他项目一起考查,题型以语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等形式出现,考查要点主要包括:1.考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。2.考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。3.考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象,这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。考点清单考点一、名词单数变复数的用法可数名词单数变复数的场合可数名词单数变复数一般情况下在词尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglass→glasses,match→matches以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spiano→pianos,photo→photos有些在词尾加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以-f,-fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v加-esself→selves,wolf→wolves少数直接加-sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means(方式,方法),series,species词形变化man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名词的复数将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:grown-up→grown-ups,stand-by→stand-bys名词前有man/woman修饰man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:womandoctor→womendoctors,manteacher→menteachers。请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).考点二、抽象名词具体化用法①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.2.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.3.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.4.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.5.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.考点三、名词所有格的用法名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John'shome约翰的家;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students'textbooks学生们的课本;(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子们的游戏。表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的标题;thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字。双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修饰,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的这只小猫。1.Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.2.Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.3.---

Who

did

you

spend

last

weekend

with?---

The

____________(Palmer).4.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.5.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.考点四、动词/形容词变为名词后缀要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝conclude→conclusion结论；结束discuss→discussion讨论；论述decide→decision决定admit→admission承认；准许加入permit→permission允许，许可invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海员，水手drive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员－mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府astonish→astonishment惊奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；表现exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考，查阅－ure/-turefail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing听力，听觉begin→beginning开始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢复discover→discovery发现要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差异evident→evidence证据－nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力气；优势warm→warmth温暖；热情－y/－ty/－itysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷；伤残responsible→responsibility责任honest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.2.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.3.CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).4.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.5.Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.考点五、名词分类及句法功能请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”2..Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.3.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.4.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.5.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.一.单句语法填空（用所给单词的适当形式完成句子）1.Withthe(develop)ofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,sometraditionsmayfadeandothersmaybeestablished.2.Abridgeisbeingbuiltinthe(distant)anditsconstructionwillbefinishedinayear.3.Manypeopleuseanonsensenamefortheirnet(identify)toprotecttheirprivateinformation.4.Wehavesubmittedourpersonalinformationandarewaitingfor(confirm)now.5.Asdigitaltechnologyspreadswidely,theriskofdigitaltechnologycancauseproblemsandcangobeyondpersonal(private).6.Thefinderofawalletwhotakesithomemaybeguiltyof.(thief)7.Shekickedatthedoorwithherfoot,andthe(press)wasenoughtoopenit.8.Studentslearnedthepractical(apply)ofthetheorytheyhadlearnedintheclassroom.9.Robert’s(collect)ofprintsandpaintingshasbeenboughtovertheyears.10.Hearingtheinterestingstory,allthepeoplepresentburstinto(laugh).11.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,someTVprogramsshouldtakeresponsibilityforteenagers’negative(behave).12.Toourdisappointment,onlya(minor)ofpeopleisinsupportofourplantobuildanewbridge.13.Unionleadersandcompanybosseswillmeettomorrowinanattempttoreacha_________(settle).14.Confuciusisoneofthegreatest(philosophy)inhumanhistory.15.Thelawsledto(confuse),bloodandthousandsofdeaths.16.Wewouldliketothankthemfortheirpatienceand(understand).17.Shehadneverbeengreatlyconcernedabouther(appear).18.Weshouldsupposehe’shonestbeforehearingthe(evident)againsthim.19.Determiningwhereweareinrelationtoour(surround)remainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.20.Thecrowdintheroomseemedfullofcuriosity.Theyexpressedtheir_________(eager)tohearmesing.二．语篇填空（名词专练）Many

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Liuhasnever

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Africa.冠词初中要求学习了a用于以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，an用于以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前，the表示语境中双方都知道或特指的用法，还学习不用冠词的一些情况高中要求高中阶段，对于冠词的考查主要体现在特殊性、具体语境方面。因此仅仅掌握初中阶段的规律知识是不够的，还需要继续强化相关知识点，学会在具体语境下掌握冠词的用法。【初中冠词考点聚焦】考点1.不定冠词1.Chinaiscountrywithahistoryofmorethan5，000years.

A.the B.a C.an D./2.TravellingtoYancheng，beautifulseasidecity，isafantasticexperience.

A.a B.an C.the D./考点二.定冠词3.—Bettybegantoplayviolinattheageoffour.

—Nowondersheplayssowell.A.a B.an C.the D./4.AutumnisbestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.

A./ B.a C.an D.the考点三.零冠词5.Myfamilyhavebreakfasttogethereveryday.Thishelpsusstartadaywell.

A.不填B.a C.an D.the6.Yangzhouiscityfullofhistory，cultureandmouthwateringfood.

A.the;a B.a;a C.the;the D.a;/【高中名词考点聚焦】考纲解读冠词几乎每年都有考查,考查点主要包括:1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。3.考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。4.考查零冠词的运用。另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。考点清单一、使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合要点精讲1：典型场合典型示例a用在辅音开头的单词前，an用在以元音开头单词前【不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音】anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩anumbrella一把伞 auniversity一所大学aEuropeancountry一个欧洲国家anunusualstory一个不同寻常的故事anunhappyboy一个不高兴的男孩第一次提到的某人或某物之前Thepandaisanendangeredanimal.熊猫是一种濒危动物。泛指人或事物的某一类别Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。用在表示数量、长度、时间等的名词前，表示“每一”Thecarmoves100milesanhour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物Thepartywasagreatsuccess.晚会开得很成功。It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.与你一起工作是件乐事。用于专有名词前，表示“某一个”IwanttobeaBillGates.我想成为比尔·盖茨式的人物。用于序数词之前,表示重复SoonIsawasecondplane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。用于最高级前意为“非常”Thisisamostinterestingstory.这是一个极为动人的故事。用于物质名词的数量化I’dlikeateaandtwocoffees.请给我一杯茶和两杯咖啡。与have，take，make等连用Takealookatthesefigures!看一下这些数字吧！结合语境用适当的冠词填空。1.—Couldyoutellmethewayto_______Johnsonsplease?—Sorry,wedon'thave______Johnsonhereinthevillage.2.Ofallthesubjects,Ilikehistorybestbecauseitgivesus_______usefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.3.Thereare_______numberofbooksinthelibraryand_______numberofthemisincreasing.4.What________pitythatyoucouldn'tbetheretoreceive________prize!5.TheWilsonslivein______A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis______17thcenturycottage.6.—Howabout_______Christmaseveningparty?—Ishouldsayitwas_______success.7.______applefellfromthetreeandhithimon______head.8.Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall，youneverget______secondchancetomake_______firstimpression.9.Theheavyrainlasted3hoursonendandcameto______endwhentheclasswasover.10.Beingabletoafford________drinkwouldbe________comfortinthosetoughtimes.二、使用定冠词the的十四个场合典型场合典型示例表示双方都知道的人或物Wouldyoumindturningdowntheradioalittle?请把收音机音量调小点好吗？表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。Doyouknowthegirlinred?你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么？Thebookonthetableismine.桌子上的那本书是我的。表示世界上独一无二的事物，如日月星辰地球等Asisknowntous,theearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。Thesuncandamageyourskin.阳光能损伤皮肤。用在序数词前Heisthefirstpersonwhoknowsthesecret.他是第一个知道这个秘密的人。用在形容词最高级前ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.上海市中国最大的城市之一。用于乐器的名称之前Shecanplaythepianoquitebeautifully.她可以弹一手好钢琴。用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人或夫妻俩TheSmithslivedintheapartmentaboveours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。TheGreenswillmovetothecountry.格林一家要搬到乡下去。与形容词连用表示一类人Theinjuredweretakentothenearesthospital.受伤的人被送到了最近的医院。用在世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前Thewarbrokeoutinthe1980s.战争爆发于20世纪80年代。Hemovedtothesouthinhisfifties.他五十几岁时搬到了南方。用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前theUnitedStatesofAmerica美国thePeople’sRepublicofChina中国theCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党theUnitedNations联合国江、河、湖、海、海峡、山脉、运河、岛屿等名词前theYellowRiver黄河thePacificOcean太平洋theAlps阿尔卑斯山theGrandCanal大运河用于接触身体部位结构Shepattedhimontheshoulder.她碰了他的肩。用于发明物的单数名词前Whoinventedthetelephone？电话是谁发明的？用在表示方位名词之前JilinisinthenorthofChina.吉林位于中国的北部。结合语境用适当的冠词填空。1.Idon’tknowwhoinvented________robot,butit’sreally________mostwonderfulinvention.2.It’sashamethatmanytouristsarestillin________habitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.3.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with________riseofscience,changesbegan.4.Asisknowntoall,______People’sRepublicofChinaisbiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.5._______morelearnedamanis,_______moremodestheusuallybecomes.6.Heisin_______possessionofthatbeautifulgardenandtheshopisin_______possessionofhisbrother.7.ThisareaexperiencedheaviestrainfallinmonthofMay.8.MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon_______PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain_____thirteenthcentury.9.Thereisanunhappyboysittingon________seatoverthere,wholooksverysad.10.Ilookedunder_______bedandfound_______bookIlostlastweek.三、零冠词的十大场合零冠词典型场合典型示例物质名词、抽象名词前Breadismadefromflour.面包是用面粉做的。表示职务、头衔的名词前HewasselectedChairmanofthecommittee.他被选为委员会主席。一日三餐名词前Wearegoingtomoviesaftersupper.晚饭后我们要去看电影。运动、棋类、游戏等名词前Helikestoplaychess.他喜欢下棋。星期、月份、季节等名词前Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年中最好的季节。西方节日名称前AprilFool’sDay愚人节ChristmasDay圣诞节Easter复活节Father’sDay父亲节ThanksgivingDay感恩节Valentine’sDay情人节名词被限定词this，my，some，no等修饰时Hisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。Godownthisstreet.顺着这条道路往前走。含有介词短语的独立主格Heenteredtheforest,guninhand.他手拿枪进了森林。复数名词表示类属时Dogsarehumanbeings’friends.狗是人类的朋友。by表示交通工具的名词前Everydayhegoestoschoolbybike.他每天骑自行车上学。单句改错。1.Forhimthestageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.2.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theyknock20penceoffprice.3.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsayingaword.Jimwasthefirsttobreaksilence.4.Tomownsthelargercollectionofbooksthananyotherstudentinourclass.5.Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhavethebetterunderstandingoflife.6.Asarule,domesticservantsdoingoddjobsarepaidbyanhour.7.Iwokeupwithbadheadache,yetbytheeveningthepainhadgone.8.Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeman.9.ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybePicasso.10.Everythingcomeswithaprice;thereisnosuchathingasfreelunchintheworld.一、单句语法填空(用单词的适当形式完成句子)1.ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasas__________roaddesignengineerinhishometown.2.It’ssimilartoJupiter,agiantgasplanetin__________(we)solarsystem.3.As__________result,theyputonanaverageof0.77kgontheprocesseddiet,whiletheylost1.08kgonthehealthydiet.4.Theartusedtobewelcomedbypeopleofallagesinruralareas.However,in__________1980s,withthepopularityoffilmsandTVshows,itstartedtoloseitsshineandmanyperformersmovedontootherjobs.5.Saxaultreesare__________excellenttreespeciesforsandfixation.It’scommonlyseen,thougheasilyignored.6.In__________SongDynasty,aninstrumentwasalsoinventedtoindicatedirection,calledthecompassfish,whichfloatedonwater.7.Healsosaidroadsaren’tdesignedtomake__________safeforbicycliststosharetheroadwithcars.8.HuaWeiguang,__________retiredteacherfromTongliao,InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,isaphotographyenthusiast.9.Inadditiontosavinglivesandnourishingthebody,__________magicoftraditionalChinesemedicinehasexistedinvariousaspectsofChineselife.10.Earlierthisyear,11-year-oldKashmeaWahiofLondon,Englandscored162on__________intelligencequotient(IQ)test.11.Lastyear,apowerfulcomputercalculatedpitorecord-breaking62.8trillion(万亿)figures.Andin2005,one23-year-oldusedclevermentaltrickstorecitenearly68,000ofthosefiguresfrommemory.Noone,though,willevergetto__________endofpi.12.Moststudentsarerequiredtotakepartinthelaborclassonceperweek.SinceSeptember,laborclasshasbeenlistedas__________officialcourseintheschoollivesofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.13.TheJiahusettlementislocatedinthecentralplainofancientChina,__________areaknowntodayastheHenanProvince.Thepeoplecreatedthecountry’soldestrecognizedcivilization.Studentscontrolshadowpuppets(皮影木偶)asthesingingvoiceof71-year-oldLiuAibangechoes(回荡)acrossthecla