衔接点01 名词、冠词（初高考点差异及衔接）（解析版）-2024-2025初升高衔接资料（新高一暑假学习提升）

衔接点01名词、冠词（初高考点差异及衔接）名词初中要求主要集中在名词的可数和不可数，以及名词构词法，同时还学习了名词所有格的用法。高中要求高中阶段，在名词方面，还会加强对单复数、所有格的考查，所学内容更深；同时，更注重名词在语境中所表达的含义。题型多为单项填空和语法填空题，个别地区的短文改错题和完形填空题也会对名词进行考查。【初中名词考点聚焦】考点1.名词词义辨析1.—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful!

A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research答案C考查名词。movement移动;attraction吸引;experience经验，经历，体验;research研究。Aboattour(乘船游览)是一次经历，故选C。考点2.名词的数和格2.Weofferedtolookafterour(邻居的)dogwhenshewasaway.

答案neighbour’s/neighbor’s考查名词所有格。根据空后单数名词dog可知此处缺限定词，结合后文的she可知此处用名词单数的所有格形式，结合汉语提示可知，空处填neighbour’s/neighbor’s。3.Someofmy(英雄)arerealpeople，andsomearefromstories.

答案heroes考查名词的数。根据Some和are可知，此空为名词复数形式，注意hero变复数需加⁃es，故填heroes。考点3.名词的构词法4.Foryourown(safe)，youshouldn’tclimbmountainsalone.

答案safety句意:为了你自己的安全，你不应该独自一人爬山。own是形容词，修饰名词，形容词safe的名词为safety，意为“安全”。故填safety。5.Everyone’ssmallactsof(kind)canmakeabigdifferencetotheworld.

答案kindness句意:每个人的小小善举都能给世界带来巨大的改变。根据“smallactsof”可知，此处指小小善举，填名词。kind的名词形式是kindness“善良”，为不可数名词，故填kindness。【高中名词考点聚焦】考纲解读名词除了考查其词义辨析外,还常结合其他项目一起考查,题型以语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等形式出现,考查要点主要包括:1.考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。2.考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。3.考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象,这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。考点清单考点一、名词单数变复数的用法可数名词单数变复数的场合可数名词单数变复数一般情况下在词尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esglass→glasses,match→matches以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spiano→pianos,photo→photos有些在词尾加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以-f,-fe结尾的名词一般要变f或fe为v加-esself→selves,wolf→wolves少数直接加-sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means(方式,方法),series,species词形变化man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名词的复数将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:grown-up→grown-ups,stand-by→stand-bys名词前有man/woman修饰man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:womandoctor→womendoctors,manteacher→menteachers。请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).【答案】1.months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,tomatoes,zoos;wives;boxes,photos,brushes2.Teachers’,editors-in-chief,menteachers,womendoctors,children;sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,teeth考点二、抽象名词具体化用法①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情在空白处填入1个适当的单词。1.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.2.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.3.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.4.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.5.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.【答案】1.the;a2.the,the3.a;the4.the;a5.a,a考点三、名词所有格的用法名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John'shome约翰的家;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students'textbooks学生们的课本;(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子们的游戏。表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的标题;thenameofthegirloverthere那边那位女孩的名字。双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修饰,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的这只小猫。1.Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.2.Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.3.---

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____________(Palmer).4.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.5.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.【答案】1.son’s2.person’s3.Palmer’s4.girls’,Tom’s5.owners’考点四、动词/形容词变为名词后缀要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝conclude→conclusion结论；结束discuss→discussion讨论；论述decide→decision决定admit→admission承认；准许加入permit→permission允许，许可invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海员，水手drive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员－mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备govern→government政府astonish→astonishment惊奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；表现exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考，查阅－ure/-turefail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing听力，听觉begin→beginning开始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢复discover→discovery发现要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差异evident→evidence证据－nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力气；优势warm→warmth温暖；热情－y/－ty/－itysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷；伤残responsible→responsibility责任honest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.2.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.3.CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).4.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.5.Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.【答案】1.arrival。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。2.warning。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填tection。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。24.responsibility。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。5.representative。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。考点五、名词分类及句法功能请用下列单词的适当形式填空1.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”2..Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.3.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.4.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.5.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.【答案】1.inconvenience。考查名词。句意：“我必须等待工作人员写下我的信息，这比扫描代码造成了更多的不便。”此处表示“不便”，需用inconvenience作宾语。故填plaint。所给词complain是动词，设空前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词complaint作动词make的宾语，makeacomplaintabout"就……提出投诉"。故填complaint。3.recovery。考查名词，句意：那位上周出了车祸的老人在医院手术后完全康复了。作宾语应用名词recovery，不定冠词提示用单数，故填recovery。4.relief。考查名词。句意：即使是30分钟的跑步也能缓解疼痛和紧张。根据句意及英文提示可知，所填空应用名词作宾语，"relieve"，动词，意为"减轻；缓和"，其名词形式为"relief"，不可数，故填relief。5.description。考查名词。句意：她无法向警方描述袭击者的模样，因为她不记得自己身上发生了什么事。根据句意和空前的冠词a可知，空处填名词，“描述”的名词为description.。故填description。一.单句语法填空（用所给单词的适当形式完成句子）1.Withthe(develop)ofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,sometraditionsmayfadeandothersmaybeestablished.2.Abridgeisbeingbuiltinthe(distant)anditsconstructionwillbefinishedinayear.3.Manypeopleuseanonsensenamefortheirnet(identify)toprotecttheirprivateinformation.4.Wehavesubmittedourpersonalinformationandarewaitingfor(confirm)now.5.Asdigitaltechnologyspreadswidely,theriskofdigitaltechnologycancauseproblemsandcangobeyondpersonal(private).6.Thefinderofawalletwhotakesithomemaybeguiltyof.(thief)7.Shekickedatthedoorwithherfoot,andthe(press)wasenoughtoopenit.8.Studentslearnedthepractical(apply)ofthetheorytheyhadlearnedintheclassroom.9.Robert’s(collect)ofprintsandpaintingshasbeenboughtovertheyears.10.Hearingtheinterestingstory,allthepeoplepresentburstinto(laugh).11.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,someTVprogramsshouldtakeresponsibilityforteenagers’negative(behave).12.Toourdisappointment,onlya(minor)ofpeopleisinsupportofourplantobuildanewbridge.13.Unionleadersandcompanybosseswillmeettomorrowinanattempttoreacha_________(settle).14.Confuciusisoneofthegreatest(philosophy)inhumanhistory.15.Thelawsledto(confuse),bloodandthousandsofdeaths.16.Wewouldliketothankthemfortheirpatienceand(understand).17.Shehadneverbeengreatlyconcernedabouther(appear).18.Weshouldsupposehe’shonestbeforehearingthe(evident)againsthim.19.Determiningwhereweareinrelationtoour(surround)remainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.20.Thecrowdintheroomseemedfullofcuriosity.Theyexpressedtheir_________(eager)tohearmesing.1.development【解析】考查名词。句意：随着现代社会的发展和新思想的传播，一些传统可能会消失，而另一些可能会建立。分析句子可知，该句第一空由空前定冠词the可知，应为名词形式。故填development。2.distance【解析】考查名词。句意：远处正在修建一座桥，将在一年内完工。此处为短语inthedistance表示“在远处”，故填distance。3.identity【解析】考查名词。句意：为了保护个人隐私，很多人给自己的网络身份取了一个毫无意义的名字。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，identify的名词为identity意为“身份”符合句意，结合句意可知，一个无意义的名词对应的是一个身份，所以此处为名词单数。故填identity。4.confirmation【解析】考查名词。句意：我们已经提交了个人信息，正在等待确认。分析句子结构可知，此处位于介词之后，因此需要填入名词形式。confirm的名词形式为confirmation表示“确认”。故填confirmation。5.privacy【解析】考查名词。句意：随着数字技术的广泛传播，数字技术带来的风险可能会引发问题，并超越个人隐私。名词privacy意为“隐私”，beyond为介词，后接名词privacy作宾语，privacy是不可数名词。故填privacy。6.theft【解析】考查名词。句意：捡到钱包的人把钱包带回家可能犯了盗窃罪。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，结合句意，此处应表示“盗窃”对应的名词为theft，且表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填theft。7.pressure【解析】考查名词。句意：她用脚踢门，施加的压力足以打开门。分析句子和提示词可知空格填名词形式pressure“压力”用在并列句中做主语，是不可数名词。故填pressure。8.application【解析】考查名词。句意：学生们学会了课堂上学到的理论的实际应用。practical为形容词，作定语修饰名词，结合句意“应用”可知，应填名词application，此处表抽象概念，不可数。故填application。9.collection【解析】考查名词。句意：这些年来，罗伯特的版画和绘画收藏品都被买走了。根据前面名词所有格Robert’s，可知，应填名词collection，collection为不可数名词，没有复数。故填collection。10.laughter【解析】考查名词。句意：听到这个有趣的故事，在场的人都大笑起来。分析句子可知，此处是固定短语burstintolaughter，意为“突然大笑”。故填laughter。11.behaviour【解析】考查名词。句意：根据调查显示，有些电视节目应该为青少年的消极行为负责任。根据空格前形容词negative后填名词behaviour做介词for的宾语。故填behaviour。12.minority【解析】考查名词。句意：使我们失望的是，只有少数人支持我们的计划。分析句子可知，名词minority符合题意，此处是固定短语aminorityof，表示“少数”。故填minority。13.settlement【解析】考查名词。句意：工会领导人和公司老板明天将开会，试图达成一个解决方法。在不定冠词a后应该是单数名词，名词settlement，意思为“解决，处理”。故填settlement。14.philosophers【解析】考查名词。句意：孔子是人类历史上最伟大的哲学家之一。分析句子结构并结合上下文，空白处应填表示人的名词，又因oneof+复数名词为固定结构，含义为：……其中之一，故填philosophers。15.confusion【解析】考查名词。句意：这些法律导致了混乱、流血和数千人死亡。分析句式结构可知，此处to是介词，且下文的blood和deaths都是名词，作宾语，所以空格处应该用提示词的名词形式作宾语，故填confusion。16.understanding【解析】考查名词。句意：我们要感谢他们的耐心和理解。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的并列连词and以及形容词性物主代词their可知空白处应填名词做介词的宾语，故填understanding。17.appearance【解析】考查名词。句意：她从来不太在意自己的外表。分析句子，该空需要一个名词作宾语。所给词appear为动词，其名词形式appearance意为“外表，外观”，符合句意。故填appearance。18.evidence【解析】考查名词。句意：在听取对他不利的证据之前，我们应该假设他是诚实的。空处用于定冠词the之后，应用名词evidence，表示“证据”，作动词hearing的宾语。故填evidence。19.surroundings【解析】考查名词。句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。分析句子可知，设空处为介词to的宾语，并且前面有形容词性物主代词our修饰，应用名词surrounding，根据语境，应用复数形式，故填surroundings。20.eagerness【解析】考查名词。句意：房间里的人群似乎充满了好奇。他们表示很想听我唱歌。their后跟名词，eager的名词是eagerness，意为“渴望”，是不可数名词。故填eagerness。二．语篇填空（名词专练）Many

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Africa.disabilities2.consultant3.impression4.instability5.prevention6.criteria7.application8.choice9.importance10.difference考查名词复数。此空提示词是形容词，用在介词之后，应用名词形式。故填disabilities。2.考查名词。句意：今年夏天，中国志愿者刘飞将在一个非洲国家担任艾滋病项目的管理顾问。空前有不定冠词，应用单数名词形式。故填consultant。3.考查名词。此空指刘飞对这个国家的印象，应用名词形式。故填impression。4.考查名词。和后面的名词violence一起，做介词from的宾语。故填instability。5.考查名词。句意：刘飞和当地一个组织一起，致力于爱滋病的预防。此空用在介词in后，应用名词形式。故填prevention。6.考查名词复数。名词criterion的复数形式是一个特殊变化，这样的词不多。类似的名词有：medium--media;phenomenon--phenomena。故填criteria。7.考查名词。句意：虽然他满足志愿者申请的标准，刚开始他家人对他的选择是反对的。这里指他的申请，应用名词。故填application。8.考查名词。句意见第7题。用在介词之后，应该是名词。故填choice。9.考查名词。此空前有定冠词，后有介词，应该用名词形式。故填importance。10.考查名词。make

adifference是一个固定搭配，意为“有意义、说得通”。故填difference。冠词初中要求学习了a用于以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，an用于以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前，the表示语境中双方都知道或特指的用法，还学习不用冠词的一些情况高中要求高中阶段，对于冠词的考查主要体现在特殊性、具体语境方面。因此仅仅掌握初中阶段的规律知识是不够的，还需要继续强化相关知识点，学会在具体语境下掌握冠词的用法。【初中冠词考点聚焦】考点1.不定冠词1.Chinaiscountrywithahistoryofmorethan5，000years.

A.the B.a C.an D./答案B考查不定冠词。country为可数名词，根据语境可知此处表泛指，用不定冠词。country以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故选B。2.TravellingtoYancheng，beautifulseasidecity，isafantasticexperience.

A.a B.an C.the D./答案A考查不定冠词。此处泛指一个美丽的海滨城市，beautiful以辅音音素开头，所以填a。故选A。考点二.定冠词3.—Bettybegantoplayviolinattheageoffour.

—Nowondersheplayssowell.A.a B.an C.the D./答案C考查定冠词。violin是乐器。表示弹奏乐器时，用定冠词the。故选C。3.AutumnisbestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.

A./ B.a C.an D.the答案D考查定冠词。此处用在形容词最高级best前，所以用定冠词the。故选D。考点三.零冠词4.Myfamilyhavebreakfasttogethereveryday.Thishelpsusstartadaywell.

A.不填B.a C.an D.the答案A考查零冠词。一日三餐前通常不加冠词，故选A。5.Yangzhouiscityfullofhistory，cultureandmouthwateringfood.

A.the;a B.a;a C.the;the D.a;/答案D考查冠词。第一个空处表泛指，用不定冠词，city以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a;第二个空后面的名词history、culture和food在本句中都是不可数名词，不用冠词，故选D。【高中名词考点聚焦】考纲解读冠词几乎每年都有考查,考查点主要包括:1.考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2.考查定冠词和不定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。3.考查冠词的泛指、特指、类指和专指用法。4.考查零冠词的运用。另外,还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。考点清单一、使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合要点精讲1：典型场合典型示例a用在辅音开头的单词前，an用在以元音开头单词前【不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音】anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩anumbrella一把伞 auniversity一所大学aEuropeancountry一个欧洲国家anunusualstory一个不同寻常的故事anunhappyboy一个不高兴的男孩第一次提到的某人或某物之前Thepandaisanendangeredanimal.熊猫是一种濒危动物。泛指人或事物的某一类别Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。用在表示数量、长度、时间等的名词前，表示“每一”Thecarmoves100milesanhour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物Thepartywasagreatsuccess.晚会开得很成功。It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.与你一起工作是件乐事。用于专有名词前，表示“某一个”IwanttobeaBillGates.我想成为比尔·盖茨式的人物。用于序数词之前,表示重复SoonIsawasecondplane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。用于最高级前意为“非常”Thisisamostinterestingstory.这是一个极为动人的故事。用于物质名词的数量化I’dlikeateaandtwocoffees.请给我一杯茶和两杯咖啡。与have，take，make等连用Takealookatthesefigures!看一下这些数字吧！结合语境用适当的冠词填空。1.—Couldyoutellmethewayto_______Johnsonsplease?—Sorry,wedon'thave______Johnsonhereinthevillage.2.Ofallthesubjects,Ilikehistorybestbecauseitgivesus_______usefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.3.Thereare_______numberofbooksinthelibraryand_______numberofthemisincreasing.4.What________pitythatyoucouldn'tbetheretoreceive________prize!5.TheWilsonslivein______A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis______17thcenturycottage.6.—Howabout_______Christmaseveningparty?—Ishouldsayitwas_______success.7.______applefellfromthetreeandhithimon______head.8.Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall，youneverget______secondchancetomake_______firstimpression.9.Theheavyrainlasted3hoursonendandcameto______endwhentheclasswasover.10.Beingabletoafford________drinkwouldbe________comfortinthosetoughtimes.【答案】1.the,a2.a3.a,the4.a,the5.an,a6.the,a7.An,the8.a,a9.an10.a,a二、使用定冠词the的十四个场合典型场合典型示例表示双方都知道的人或物Wouldyoumindturningdowntheradioalittle?请把收音机音量调小点好吗？表示特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。Doyouknowthegirlinred?你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么？Thebookonthetableismine.桌子上的那本书是我的。表示世界上独一无二的事物，如日月星辰地球等Asisknowntous,theearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。Thesuncandamageyourskin.阳光能损伤皮肤。用在序数词前Heisthefirstpersonwhoknowsthesecret.他是第一个知道这个秘密的人。用在形容词最高级前ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.上海市中国最大的城市之一。用于乐器的名称之前Shecanplaythepianoquitebeautifully.她可以弹一手好钢琴。用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人或夫妻俩TheSmithslivedintheapartmentaboveours.史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。TheGreenswillmovetothecountry.格林一家要搬到乡下去。与形容词连用表示一类人Theinjuredweretakentothenearesthospital.受伤的人被送到了最近的医院。用在世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前Thewarbrokeoutinthe1980s.战争爆发于20世纪80年代。Hemovedtothesouthinhisfifties.他五十几岁时搬到了南方。用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前theUnitedStatesofAmerica美国thePeople’sRepublicofChina中国theCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党theUnitedNations联合国江、河、湖、海、海峡、山脉、运河、岛屿等名词前theYellowRiver黄河thePacificOcean太平洋theAlps阿尔卑斯山theGrandCanal大运河用于接触身体部位结构Shepattedhimontheshoulder.她碰了他的肩。用于发明物的单数名词前Whoinventedthetelephone？电话是谁发明的？用在表示方位名词之前JilinisinthenorthofChina.吉林位于中国的北部。结合语境用适当的冠词填空。1.Idon’tknowwhoinvented________robot,butit’sreally________mostwonderfulinvention.2.It’sashamethatmanytouristsarestillin________habitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.3.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with________riseofscience,changesbegan.4.Asisknowntoall,______People’sRepublicofChinaisbiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.5._______morelearnedamanis,_______moremodestheusuallybecomes.6.Heisin_______possessionofthatbeautifulgardenandtheshopisin_______possessionofhisbrother.7.ThisareaexperiencedheaviestrainfallinmonthofMay.8.MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon_______PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain_____thirteenthcentury.9.Thereisanunhappyboysittingon________seatoverthere,wholooksverysad.10.Ilookedunder_______bedandfound_______bookIlostlastweek.【答案】1.the,a2.the3.the4.the,the5.The,the6./,the7.the,the8.the,the9.the10.the,the三、零冠词的十大场合零冠词典型场合典型示例物质名词、抽象名词前Breadismadefromflour.面包是用面粉做的。表示职务、头衔的名词前HewasselectedChairmanofthecommittee.他被选为委员会主席。一日三餐名词前Wearegoingtomoviesaftersupper.晚饭后我们要去看电影。运动、棋类、游戏等名词前Helikestoplaychess.他喜欢下棋。星期、月份、季节等名词前Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年中最好的季节。西方节日名称前AprilFool’sDay愚人节ChristmasDay圣诞节Easter复活节Father’sDay父亲节ThanksgivingDay感恩节Valentine’sDay情人节名词被限定词this，my，some，no等修饰时Hisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。Godownthisstreet.顺着这条道路往前走。含有介词短语的独立主格Heenteredtheforest,guninhand.他手拿枪进了森林。复数名词表示类属时Dogsarehumanbeings’friends.狗是人类的朋友。by表示交通工具的名词前Everydayhegoestoschoolbybike.他每天骑自行车上学。单句改错。1.Forhimthestageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.2.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theyknock20penceoffprice.3.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsayingaword.Jimwasthefirsttobreaksilence.4.Tomownsthelargercollectionofbooksthananyotherstudentinourclass.5.Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhavethebetterunderstandingoflife.6.Asarule,domesticservantsdoingoddjobsarepaidbyanhour.7.Iwokeupwithbadheadache,yetbytheeveningthepainhadgone.8.Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeman.9.ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybePicasso.10.Everythingcomeswithaprice;thereisnosuchathingasfreelunchintheworld.【答案】1.means前加a2.price前加the3.silence前加the4.the改为a5.abetter6.an改为the7.bad前加a8.man前加a9.Picasso前加a10.去掉such后a一、单句语法填空(用单词的适当形式完成句子)1.ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasas__________roaddesignengineerinhishometown.2.It’ssimilartoJupiter,agiantgasplanetin__________(we)solarsystem.3.As__________result,theyputonanaverageof0.77kgontheprocesseddiet,whiletheylost1.08kgonthehealthydiet.4.Theartusedtobewelcomedbypeopleofallagesinruralareas.However,in__________1980s,withthepopularityoffilmsandTVshows,itstartedtoloseitsshineandmanyperformersmovedontootherjobs.5.Saxaultreesare__________excellenttreespeciesforsandfixation.It’scommonlyseen,thougheasilyignored.6.In__________SongDynasty,aninstrumentwasalsoinventedtoindicatedirection,calledthecompassfish,whichfloatedonwater.7.Healsosaidroadsaren’tdesignedtomake__________safeforbicycliststosharetheroadwithcars.8.HuaWeiguang,__________retiredteacherfromTongliao,InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,isaphotographyenthusiast.9.Inadditiontosavinglivesandnourishingthebody,__________magicoftraditionalChinesemedicinehasexistedinvariousaspectsofChineselife.10.Earlierthisyear,11-year-oldKashmeaWahiofLondon,Englandscored162on__________intelligencequotient(IQ)test.11.Lastyear,apowerfulcomputercalculatedpitorecord-breaking62.8trillion(万亿)figures.Andin2005,one23-year-oldusedclevermentaltrickstorecitenearly68,000ofthosefiguresfrommemory.Noone,though,willevergetto__________endofpi.12.Moststudentsarerequiredtotakepartinthelaborclassonceperweek.SinceSeptember,laborclasshasbeenlistedas__________officialcourseintheschoollivesofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.13.TheJiahusettlementislocatedinthecentralplainofancientChina,__________areaknowntodayastheHenanProvince.Thepeoplecreatedthecountry’soldestrecognizedcivilization.1.a考查不定冠词。句意：朱德军大学毕业后的第一份工作是在家乡做道路设计工程师。分析句子可知，修饰可数名词engineer，应填不定冠词，表示泛指“道路设计工程师”，且road的首字母发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。2.our考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它类似于木星，太阳系中一颗巨大的气态行星。此空在名词前，应用形容词性代词。“agiantgasplanetin____(we)solarsystem”是Jupiter的同位语。故填our。3.a考查不定冠词。句意：结果，他们在加工饮食中平均增加了0.77公斤，而在健康饮食中减少了1.08公斤。Asaresult是一个固定短语，意为“结果是”。故填a。4.the考查定冠词。在表示“年代”的短语中，一般要加上定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。5.an考查不定冠词。句意：Saxaul树是一种很好的固沙树种，虽然很容易被忽视，但是很常见。分析句子可知，修饰可数名词treespecies，应填不定冠词，表示泛指“树种”，且excellent的首字母发音以元音音素开头。故填an。6.the考查定冠词。句意：在宋代，人们还发明了一种指示方向的仪器，称为罗盘鱼，它可以在水上漂浮。在表示“朝代”的名词前，一般要加上定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。7.it考查代词。句意：他还说道路的设计并不是为了让自行车和汽车共享道路。分析句子结构可知，此空应用it做形式宾语，代替后面的不定式tosharetheroadwithcars。故填it。8.a考查不定冠词。句意：华卫光是内蒙古通辽的一名退休教师，他是一名摄影爱好者。分析句子可知，修饰可数名词teacher，应填不定冠词，表示泛指“一位退休教师”，且retired的首字母发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。9.the考查定冠词。句意：除了拯救生命和滋养身体，传统中医的魔力存在于中国人生活的各个方面。此处特指传统中医的魔力，应用定冠词the。故填the。10.an考查不定冠词。句意：今年早些时候，英国伦敦11岁的KashmeaWahi在智商测试中得了162分。根据句意，此处泛指“一次智商测试”，intelligence以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。11.the考查定冠词。句意：然而，没有人会算到圆周率的最后一个数字。分析句子可知，此处需要添加定冠词the表示特指圆周率这个数字的终点。故填the。12.an考查不定冠词。句意：自9月起，劳动课被列为中小学生学校生活的正式课程。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，空后的形容词发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。13.an考查不定冠词。句意：贾湖聚落位于中国古代中部平原，今天被称为河南省的一块地区。此处泛指“一块地区”，area以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。Studentscontrolshadowpuppets(皮影木偶)asthesingingvoiceof71-year-oldLiuAibangechoes(回荡)acrosstheclassroom.Theyusethinstraightpiecesofwoodtomakeshadowpuppetsstepontothe"stage"—aclothscreen.Thosesittinginfrontofthestageplaymusicondrums,suonahornsandotherinstruments.ThisisaDaoqingshadowpuppetryclassatLongdongUniversity.ExceptLiu,theotherperformersoftheshowareallcollegestudents.StartingintheHanDynasty,Daoqingshadowpuppetryhasbeenincludedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelist(国家非物质文化遗产名录)since2006.Foryears,shadowplayswerewelcomedbypeopleofallages.andwereoftenperformedduringthefestivals.However,withfilmsandTVseriesbecomingpopularinthelate1980s,manyperformersmovedonto