银行系统招聘考试（阅读理解）模拟试卷4

银行系统招聘考试（阅读理解）模拟试卷4一、阅读理解(本题共28题，每题1.0分，共28分。)July11RandyMcGuire41South174thAvenueGoodyear,Arizona85338DearMr.McGuire,AsafellowmemberoftheHumaneSociety,I'msurethatyouvalueanimalsasmuchasIdo.Iamalsosurethatyouareawareofthesignificantincreaseinanimalsrequiringservicesatlocalanimalshelters.Manysheltersareforcedtoturnanimalsawayduetolimitationsofbothspaceandfunding.TheHumaneSocietyhasrecentlydecidedtobuildanotherbranchshelterinArizonanearAvondale.Theyestimatethatthecostofbuildingandoperatingtheshelterwillbeintherangeof$500,000to$700,000;however,thisyear'sbudgetdoesnotallowforaprojectofsuchimmensity.AsaconcernedmemberoftheHumaneSociety,Iurgeyoutosupportthisworthycausebymakingadonationtowardstheconstructionofanewanimalshelter.Tomakeyourdonation,visittheHumaneSocietybranchofficeatwhichyouareregisteredorfillouttheenclosedformandsendacheckormoneyordertotheHumaneSociety,1254WestCongressStreetsTuscon,Arizona85701.PleasemakeyourcheckormoneyorderpayabletoTheHumaneSocietyArizonaChapter.Together,wecanmakesurethatallanimalsaretakencareof.Sincerely,LizTuckerPublicRelationsHumaneSocietyArizonaChapterMakeaDonationtotheHumaneSocietyName:RandyMcGuireAddress:41South174thAvenueGoodyear,Arizona85338Phonenumber:426-7762Amountofcontribution:$100.00Formofcontribution:CheckAreyoucurrentlyaHumaneSocietymember?YESWouldyouliketobecomeaHumaneSocietymember?M/APleasemakeallchecksandmoneyorderspayabletotheHumanSocietyArizonaChapter.MailthisformalongwithyourdonationtotheHumaneSociety,1254WestCongressStreet,Tuscon,Arizona85701.1、WhatwilltheHumaneSocietydo?A、Holdafundraiser.B、Buildananimalshelter.C、Beginanewadoptionprogram.D、Increasetheiryearlybudget.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据信的第三段“TheHumaneSocietyhasrecentlydecidedtobuildanotherbranchshelterinArizonanearAvondale.”可知，慈爱协会将会再建一个动物收留所，故本题选B。2、WhydoesMs.Tuckerwritetheletter?A、ToaskMr.McGuireforadonation.B、ToinviteMr.McGuiretoanevent.C、ToinformMr.McGuireaboutaprogram.D、ToencourageMr.McGuiretovisitshelter.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据信的倒数第二段“AsaconcernedmemberoftheHumaneSociety，Iurgeyoutosupportthisworthycausebymakingadonationtowardstheconstructionofanewanimalshelter.”可知写信的目的是让Mr.McGuire捐款。3、WhoisMs.Tucker?A、Anaccountant.B、Aveterinarian.C、Apublicrelationsmanager.D、Anorganization’spresident.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据信的署名可以看出，Ms.Tucker可能是公关经理。4、HowmuchisMr.McGuire’sdonation?A、$25.B、$50.C、$75.D、$100.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据信下的内容可知，Mr.McGuire捐了100美元。5、Accordingtotheform,whatistrueaboutMr.McGuire?A、HelivesonCongressStreet.B、HelivesinTuscon,Arizona.C、HeisamemberoftheHumaneSociety.D、HesenttheHumaneSocietyamoneyorder.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据书信和信下面的内容可知Mr.McGuire也是慈爱协会的一页。Wearefacingafinancialeducationcrisisinthiscountry.Thegapbetweenthecomplexfinancialworldandourabilitytonavigateitisgrowingwider.Toomanyfinanciallessonsarelearnedthroughtrialanderror,whereitiscostlytorecoverfromafinancialmistake,letalonetoachieveyourfinancialgoals.AttheConsumerFinancialProtectionBureau,weareworkingtoclosethisgap.Wearesimplifyingcomplicatedfinancialformslikemortgagedisclosures;puttingnewrulesinplacetosafeguardconsumersagainstpredatorypractices;crackingdownoncompaniesthatviolateconsumerprotectionlaws;and,mostimportantly,educatingconsumers.Sincetheeconomycrashedin2008,peoplebroadlyagreethatweneedmorefinancialeducation.Butfinancialliteracyisonlyoneofthestepspeopleneedtotaketoattainoverallfinancialwell-being.Changingourfinancialhabitsandbehaviorsisalsoimportantifwewanttoimprovethiskeyaspectofourlives.6、What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsmostfinancialcourses?A、Supportive.B、Critical.C、Indifferent.D、Contemptuous.标准答案：B知识点解析：态度题。根据第一段最后“Toomanyfinanciallessonsarelearnedthroughtrialanderror，whereitiscostlytorecoverfromafinancialmistake，letalonetoachieveyourfinancialgoals.”可知作者对大多数的经济课程是持否定批判态度的。7、Whatpeoplewilldotoobtainoverallfinancialwell-being?A、Savemoney.B、Investinsomebusiness.C、Alterfinancialbehavior.D、Stopfinancialeducation.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据最后一段“Butfinancialliteracyisonlyoneofthestepspeopleneedtotaketoattainoverallfinancialwell-beingChangingourfinancialhabitsandbehaviorsisalso；importantifwewanttoimprovethiskeyaspectofourlives.”可知，只有C项符合题意。ThefirstyearaftertheGreatRecession,2010,markedthehistoricalpeakofcollegeanduniversityenrollmentintheUnitedStates.Inthedecadesince,apopularnarrativehasemergedthatthevalueofacollegedegreeisrapidlydeclining.Asanewwaveofwell-capitalizededucationaltechnologycompaniesarrivedonthescene—includingmassiveopenonlinecourses(MOOCs)—itbecamepopulartoprognosticateaboutthedisruptionofAmericanhighereducation.Badgesearnedonlinewouldchallengeandreplacetraditionaldiplomas.RenownedbusinesstheoristClaytonChristensenforecastedthathalfofallcollegesmaybeinbankruptcywithin15years.Otherssaidthedegreewas"doomed".Arevolutionincredentialingappearedunderway,withcolleges'coreproduct—thetraditionaldegree—abouttobesweptasidebydigitalsubstitutesanddisruptivestart-upcompanies.Evenmorerecently,thisnarrativehasbeenamplifiedbyreportsthatcertainblue-chipcompaniesnolonger"require"degreesforcertainpositions.Yetbymanymeasures,thevalueofatraditionaldegreetodayisasstrongaseverinthejobmarket.Innovationindegreedeliveryisoccurring,butitisoftenbeingledbytraditional,incumbentinstitutions,ofteninpartnershipwithtechnologyfirms.InanationalsurveyofemployersthatweatNortheasternUniversityrecentlyconducted,astrongmajorityofHRleaderssaidthatthevalueofeducationalcredentialsinhiringhaseitherincreased(48%)orheldsteady(29%)overthelastfiveyears.And,despitesomehigh-profileemployersrelaxingtheirbaselineeducationalrequirementsinahistoricallytightjobmarket,morethanhalfofalljobopeningsnationwideoverthelastyearpreferredatleastabachelor'sdegree.Thissharehasbeenconsistentoverthelastfiveyears.Additionally,thesubstantialwagepremiumthatemployerspaycollegedegreeholdersremainsathistoricallyall-timehighlevels,accordingtorecentFederalReserveBankofNewYorkresearch._____________Inamarketthatcontinuestoprioritizeformaleducationalcredentials,theoncefree-of-chargeMOOCupstartshavefoundabusinessmodel—andtodayitissquarelyfocusedononlinedegreesandotherfee-basededucationalcredentials.Today,accordingtoournationalsurveys,amajority(61%)ofhiringleadersviewcredentialsearnedonlineasequaltoorbetterthanthosecompletedinperson.Thisacceptanceofonlinedeliveryhasbeensteadilydrivenbyemployers'yearsofgrowingdirectexperiencehiringfrom,participatingin,andsendingemployeesintoonlineuniversityprograms.8、WhatisClaytonChristensen’sopinionaboutcollegeeducationinthefuture?A、Hethinkscollegeswillbelessneededasonlineeducationwillbewellreceived.B、Hethinksonlineeducationprogramswillreplacecollegeeducationsoon.C、Hethinksthatcollegeswillnolongerexistintheworld.D、Hethinksthatmorepeoplecangetintoacollege.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干：ClaytonChristensen对未来的大学教育的观点是什么?该题题干关键词为ClaytonChristensen，根据关键词定位到文章第一段倒数第二句“RenownedbusinesstheoristClaytonChristensenforecastedthathalfofallcollegesmaybeinbankruptcywithin15years.(著名商业理论家ClaytonChristensen预测，15年内一半的大学可能会倒闭)”，由此可知，Clayton认为随着在线教育的流行，对大学的需求量会减少，15年内一半的大学可能会倒闭。由此也可推断，上大学的人将会随之减少，故A项“他认为，随着在线教育的普及，对大学的需求将会减少”与原文意思相符，而D项“他认为更多的人可以上大学”则与原文意思相悖。虽然第一段倒数第三句提到“Badgesearnedonlinewouldchallengeandreplacetraditionaldiplomas.(网上获得的证书将挑战并取代传统文凭)”，但并没有说网上获得的证书“很快”就取代传统文凭，而且该内容并非ClaytonChristensen的观点，故B项“他认为在线教育项目将很快取代大学教育”表述错误。C项“他认为大学将不再存在于世界上”在文中没有提到，且该说法过于绝对，故排除C。故本题选A。9、Whichofthefollowingcouldbethetopicsentencethatfitsthebestintheblankinthe4thparagraph?A、Studieshavefounddifferentemployersmayvaluedifferentthingswhenhiring.B、Businessesarecontinuingtovaluedegreesandrewardmoreeducatedworkers.C、Employeeswithhigherdegreearenotasvaluedasbeforeinthejobmarket.D、Companiesprefertorewardemployeeswithcredentialsreceivedonline.标准答案：B知识点解析：主旨题。题干：下列哪一个主旨句最适合填入第四段的空白处?根据题干定位到第四段。该段提到，最近作者在东北大学对雇主进行了一项全国性调查，绝大多数人力资源主管表示，在过去五年中，教育证书在招聘中的价值要么增加了(48%)，要么保持稳定(29%)。此外，尽管一些雇主放松了他们的基本教育要求，但去年全国半数以上的职位空缺都倾向于至少获得学士学位的求职者，这一比例在过去五年中一直保持不变。此外，纽约联邦储备银行最近的研究显示，雇主支付给大学学位持有者的高额工资溢价仍处于历史最高水平。由此可知，在就业市场中，企业仍然重视教育学位，并且给予受过高等教育的员工较好的待遇，B项“企业继续重视学位，给受过教育的员工更多的奖励”符合文意，并且概括了该段的主要意思，故B项为该段的主旨句。A项“研究发现，不同的雇主在招聘时可能会看重不同的东西”在该段中并未提及，故排除。C项“在就业市场上，学历较高的员工不再像以前那样受到重视”和D项“公司更喜欢奖励获得在线证书的员工”均不符合该段的意思，故排除。综合以上分析，本题选B。IndustrialandCommercialBankofChinaLimited("ICBC"or"theBank")announceditsinterimresultstodayforthisyear.InaccordancewiththeInternationalFinancialReportingStandards,ICBCpostedapre-provisionprofitofRMB239.5billionforthefirsthalfofthisyear,representingagrowthof1.2%fromthesameperiodlastyear.AftermakingaprovisionofRMB44.4billion,theBankrealizedanetprofitofRMB150.7billion,up0.8%overthecorrespondingperiodoftheprecedingyear.Specifically,inthefirsthalfofthisyear,ICBCactivelyadaptedtotheneedsofeconomictransformationandupgradingandthesupply-sidestructuralreform,optimizedthemanagementofthenewandexistingcredit,combinedcreditandnon-creditservicesandhelpedenterprisesreducecostsandde-leveragebyincreasingtheefficiencyoffunduseandutilizingdirectfinancingservices.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,thetotalamountofnewlydisbursedloanswasRMB1.8trillion,ofwhichRMB569.9billionwasnewloansandRMB1.2trillionwasre-lendingofexistingloans.Respondingtothetrendoffinancialdisintermediationofcorporatefinance,ICBCachievedatotalnon-creditfinancingofRMB713.7billionbydevelopingbondunderwriting,assettrading,financialleasingandentrustedloans,etc.,whichwas7timesofnewcorporateloansforthesameperiod.Intermsofinvestmenttarget,ICBCfocuseditssupportonthekeyareasandweaklinksoftherealeconomyandtheloansextendedtokeynationalprojectsamountedtoRMB487.4billioninaggregate,RMB79.9billionmorethanthesameperiodlastyear.Withstrongsupporttothefinancingneedsof"MadeinChina2025""Internet+".energysavingandenvironmentprotectionandotherfields,ICBCchanneledmorefundresourcestoareasofrealeconomywhichhelpsstrengthenweaklinksandtakesthedevelopmenttoahigherlevel.Benefitingfromthepromotionofinnovativeservicemodeltosmallandmicroenterpriseswhichintegratesofflineprofessionaloperationswithonlinestandardizedoperations,thebalanceofloanstosmallandmicroenterpriseshasreachedRMB1.98trillion,representingayear-on-yearincreaseofRMB178.2billionor9.9%,andmaintainedICBC'spositionasthelargestBankinChinaintermsoftheloansprovidedtosmallandmicroenterprises.Insupportofreasonablehousingdemandandconsumptionupgrade,thehousingmortgageloans,personalconsumptionloansandcreditcardoverdraftloansincreasedbyRMB342.5billion,accountingfor46%ofallloanincrements.Alsoingreatsupportof"GoingGlobal"enterprises,creditfacilitiesamountingtoUS$20.1billionweregrantedtoanadditionof39"GoingGlobal"projectsinthefirsthalfoftheyear.10、Whatisthereportmainlyabout?A、ICBCstrengthenedlocalizeddevelopmentofitsoverseasinstitutions.B、ICBCstrengthenedriskcontrolandensuredstableassetquality.C、ICBCupgradedthecultivationofnewdriversofgrowth.D、ICBCpromotedinnovativefinancialservicestosupporttherealeconomy.标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。题干：这篇报告主要讲了什么?整体来看，这是一份中国工商银行的中期业绩报告。第一段简要概括上半年的营收情况；第二段提到中国工商银行积极适应经济转型、升级及供给侧结构性改革的需求，调整业务；第三段是介绍投资目标，中国工商银行将更多的资金投向实体经济领城，加强薄弱环节，提升发展水平；第四段是介绍中国工商银行推广创新服务模式，针对小微型企业贷款进行业务提升和改进。由此可见，上半年工行的工作重点在于积极配合国内供给侧结构性改革，加大对国内实体经济的支持，推进创新服务模式，优化自身业务。D项“中国工商银行推进创新金融服务来支持实体经济发展”是对上半年业绩报告的简练总结。A项“中国工商银行加强境外机构的本地化发展”，关于海外业务，报告只在最后一段最后一句提到了工行对"走出去"项目的支持，并未提出加强境外机构本地化这一点，故A项错误B项“中国工商银行加强风险控制，确保资产质量稳定”，整篇报告中并没有提到风险相关事宜，故B项错误。C项“中国工商银行加快培育新的增长动力”，虽然报告中多个业务同比增长很多，但是并没有体现培育新增长动力的相关规划，故C项错误。故本题选D。11、Accordingtothereport,thetotalloanincrementsamountedto_________.A、RMB744.6billionB、RMB342.5billionC、RMB1.98trillionD、RMB142.3billion标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。题干；根据报告，贷款增量总额为该题的关键词是loanincrements，定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句“Insupportofreasonablehousingdemandandconsumptionupgrade，thehousingmortgageloans，personalconsumptionloansandcreditcardoverdraftloansincreasedbyRMB342.5billion，accountingfor46%ofallloanincrements.(为支持合理住房需求和消费升级，住房抵押贷款、个人消费货款和信用卡透支贷款增加3425亿元，占贷款增量的46%)”。由此可知贷款总增量的46%为3425亿元，通过计算3425+46%=7445.7，得出贷款总增量约为7445.7亿元(即744.57billion)，与A项最为接近，故正确答案为A。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，B项的数据为住房抵押贷款、个人消费贷款和信用卡透支的贷款增量；根据第四段第一句“…thebalanceofloanstosmallandmicroenterpriseshasreachedRMB1.98trillion…小微型企业贷款余额为1.98万亿元)”可知，C项的数据是小微型企业的贷款余额。FASTcarswhizaround,mallsarefullofexpensiveluxuriesandcranesdominatetheskyline.ButscratchtheshimmeringsurfaceoftheGulfandyousoonfindcountrieshurtingfromthelowoilprice,currentlyaround$40abarrelGrowthisslowingandunemploymentisrising.Policymakersevendareuttera"three-letter"worduntilrecentlytaboo:tax.OiliscentraltothesixGulfCo-operationCouncil(GCC)states,whichhaveusedthewindfallofthepastfewyearstospendlavishly.Unlikemanyoilexporters,suchasNigeriaandVenezuela,theyhavehighforeign-exchangereservesandlowdebtstocovershort-termgaps.Butpublicspendingisgenerousandtheprivatesectorisheavilyreliantonoiltoboot.Tobesustainableinaneraoflowerprices,therulersmustchangethestructureoftheireconomies.TheIMFreckonstheloweroilpriceknocked$340billionoffAraboil-exportingstates'governmentrevenuesin2015.Thisyearislookingworse.Moody's,aratingsagency,thismonthdowngradedBahrainandOmanandputonwatchtheotherfourGCOstates:SaudiArabia,Kuwait,theUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)andQatar."It'stheendofanerafortheGul,"saysRazanNasserofHSBCinDubai."Andwe'reonlyjuststartingtoseetheeffects."Oilreceiptstypicallyaccountformorethan80%ofGCCgovernmentrevenues,risingtoover90%ofSaudiArabia'sbudgetbeforethecrisis.Dubai,oneoftheemiratesmakinguptheUAE,isanexception,withoilaccountingforonly5%ofrevenues.Thatisbecauseithassuccessfullydiversified:tourismandservicesaccountformostofitsgovernmentrevenues.Governmentsarereactingtothesqueezeontheirincomeswithamixtureofstrategies,drawingdownreservesandtakingordebtontheonehand,andimposingspendingcutsontheother.Lastyeartheymadetweaks,suchascurbingbenefitsforpublicservants.Thisyearwillbetougher.Omanhastoldallstate-ownedenterprisestoremoveperkssuchascars.QataricompaniesincludingAIJazeeraandtheQatarFoundation,aculturalorganization,havelaidoffemployees.Withsuchtweaks,Kuwait,theUAEandQatar,whichhavesmallpopulationsandhighforeignexchangereserves,cangetbyforadecade.12、Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A、Oilpriceisbooming.B、Gulfauthoritiesrefusetoraisetaxes.C、LuxurylandmarksdominateGulfskyline.D、OilPriceisaround$40pergallon.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。文章首句提到FASTcarswhizaround，mallsarefullofexpensiveluxuriesandcranesdominatetheskyline.即“快车飞驰而来，商场里到处都是昂贵的奢侈品，吊车占据着天际线”。由此可知C项符合文意。文章开头就提到有些国家受低价石油的影响(countieshurtingfromthelowoilprice)，故A项“石油价格上涨”错误；文章第一段说currentlyaround$40abarrel(目前每桶40美元)。不是pergallon，故D项错误；文章第一段最后一句只是提到政策制定者在最近才提出税收，并没有说海湾当局拒绝增税，故B项错误。故本题选C。13、WhichofthefollowingchoiceallcontainsGCCstates?A、Qatar,Kuwait,Nigeria.B、Bahrain,Oman,Qatar.C、SaudiArabia,UAE,Venezuela.D、Iran,Kuwait,Dubai.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据第三段Thisyearislookingworse.Moody’s，aratingsagency，thismonthdowngradedBahrainandOmanandputonwatchtheotherfourGCOstates：SaudiArabia，Kuwait，theUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)andQatar.由此可知GCCstates包括Bahrain，Oman，SaudiArabia，Kuwait，theUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)andQatar。故本题选B。14、Whatcanbeinferredfromthecontext?A、NegativeoutlookmightremainforGCCcountries’governmentfinancialcondition.B、Oilpricewillhardlyriseintheforeseeablefuture.C、OtherGCCstateswillstarteconomicreforminthewayDubaihasdone.D、Oilrevenueaccountsfor85%ofQatar’sgovernmentincome.标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。文章第三段谈到，国际货币基金组织估计，油价下跌使阿拉伯石油出口国政府的收入在2015年减少了3400亿美元。今年看起来更糟糕。本月评级机构Moody’s降低了BahrainandOman的评级，并关注其他四国：SaudiArabia，Kuwait，theUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)andQatar.“这是海湾时代的终结，”汇丰银行驻迪拜的拉赞纳赛尔说，“而我们才开始看到效果。”由此可以推断GCC国家的政府财政状况仍然不够乐观，故A项符合文意；B、D两项在文中没有依据；最后一段只是在说各国政府开始采取措施应对收入紧缩的问题，并没有按照迪拜的方式进行经济改革，故C项错误。故本题选A。15、Whatistheauthorimplyingbythelastsentence?A、QatarandUAE’seconomywillbebetterthanthatofKuwait.B、LifeforSaudiArabia,OmanandBahrainwillonlybetougher.C、Kuwait,QatarandUAEwillfacetoughersituationthanotherpeers.D、AllGCCstateswillhardlysolvethehardproblems.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。文章最后一段提到各国政府开始采取措施应对收入紧缩的问题。去年它们做了微调，今年会更加艰难。Oman要求所有国有企业取消汽车等补贴，Qataricompanies会进行裁员。通过这样的调整，人口稀少且外汇储备较高的Kuwait，theUAEandQatar还可以勉强度过十年。由此可知，经过这样的调整，Kuwait，QatarandUAE的生活会比较艰难，也将会面临比其他国家更为严峻的局面。故C项符合文意；最后一段没有将Qatar，UAE和Kuwait的经济状况比较，故排除A；最后一段没有明确提到SaudiArabiandBahrain这两个国家，故排除B；D项中的all过于绝对，因此排除。故本题选C。16、WhichdeductionmayNOTbetrue?A、GulfStatesusedtobepromising.B、TheauthorcriticizesGCC’sconventionaleconomicpattern.C、Dubaiusedtoheavilyrelyonoilrevenue.D、Oilpricedoesn’tinfluenceDubai’seconomy.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节推断题。根据第二段首句OiliscentraltothesixGulfCo-operationCouncil(GCC)states，whichhaveusedthewindfallofthepastfewyearstospendlavishly可知，GCC国家曾经利用过去几年的意外之财大肆挥霍，也就是说GCC国家在过去前途光明，故A项正确；根据第四段可知，石油收入通常占GCC国家政府收入的80%以上，在危机前上升至沙特阿拉伯预算的90%以上。而迪拜作为阿联酋的组成部分之一，却是一个例外。石油只占迪拜政府收入的5%，旅游业和服务业却占其政府收入的大部分。由此可知在迪拜没有进行经济改革之前，其对石油收入的依赖性较大，故C项正确。因为政府收入实现了多样化，其对旅游业与服务业的依赖远远超过对石油的依赖，况且石油只占政府收入的5%，所以石油价格波动不会影响迪拜的经济发展，故D项正确；GCC国家的conventionaleconomicpattern(传统的经济模式)指的是什么，在文中没有体现，且作者也只是在客观地阐述问题，并没有criticizes(批判)。C项错误。故本题选C。Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehaviors.Thebiologicalclocktellsplantswhentoformflowersandwhentheflowersshouldopen.Ittellsinsectswhentoleavetheprotectivecocoonsandflyaway,andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoeat,sleepandwake.Eventsoutsidetheplantsandanimalsaffecttheactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.Scientistsrecentlyfound,forexample,thatatinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfurbecausethenumberofhoursofdaylight.Intheshortdaysofwinter,itsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgraybrownincolorinthelongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.Innersignalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomekindofinternalclockseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirlongmigrationflighttwiceeachyear.Birdspreventedfromflyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip,buttheybecomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.Scientistssaytheyarebeginningtolearnwhichpartofbraincontainsbiologicalclocks.AnAmericanresearcher,MartinMoorhead,saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrainseemstocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.Thesecellstellapersonwhentoawaken,whentosleepandwhentoseekfood.Scientistssaythereprobablyareotherbiologicalclockcellsthatcontrolotherbodyactivities.Dr.Moorheadisstudyinghowourbiologicalclocksaffectthewaywedoourwork.Forexample,mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustchangetodifferentworkhours.Itcantakemanydaysforahumanbodytoacceptthemajorchangeinworkhours.Dr.Moorheadsaidindustrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocksandhowmanyaffectworkers.Hesaidsuchunderstandingcouldcutsicknessandaccidentsatworkandwouldincreaseafactory'sproduction.17、WhichofthefollowingisNOTonlycontrolledbythebiologicalclockitself?A、Someanimalschangethecolorofitsfurwhenseasonchanges.B、Insectsbreakthroughcocoonsandflyaway.C、Humanbeingsknowwhentoseekfood.D、Birdsstarttheiryearlymigrationflight.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。B项昆虫破茧飞翔，C项人类知道何时寻找食物均在第一段中提到，D项鸟类开始每年的迁徙飞行在第三段中提到。A项，季节变化时一些动物会改变皮毛的颜色，在第二段中提到，属于动植物外部因素影响生物钟作用的研究发现。18、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthebiologicalclocks?A、Humanheartsandbrainscontainbiologicalclocks.B、Thebiologicalclocksonlytellapersonwhentosleepandwhentoseekfood.C、Eventsoutsidelivingthingscansometimesaffecttheactionsofsomebiologicalclocks.D、Biologicalclockscontrolallthebehaviorsoflivingthings.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。题干要求选出正确的陈述，A项是说人类心脏和大脑控制生物钟，原文第四段asmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrain控制我们行为的时间，所以主题有误；B项是说生物钟只能告诉人何时睡觉和吃饭，原文第一段中提到生物钟的多种作用，明显二者矛盾；C项生物外的事件有时也会影响生物钟的作用，与原文第二段描述一致；D项生物钟控制生物所有的行为，过于宽泛。19、Atinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfurbecauseof_________.A、theoutsidetemperatureB、sunshinehoursC、thelackoffoodD、thesuddenfright标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。B项光照时间在第二段第二句中提到：atinyanimalchangesthecolorofitsfurbecausethenumberofhoursofdaylight。20、Birdspreventedfromflyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip.Theword"restless"canbebestreplacedby__________.A、relaxedB、uneasyC、excitedD、angry标准答案：B知识点解析：含义题。单词restless可以用哪一项替换。从文中第三段calm一词可以推出之前是焦躁不安的，即对应于B项，uneasy心神不安的。relaxed放松的，excited兴奋的，angry生气的。21、Thebesttitleforthispassageis__________.A、BiologicalSignalsB、BiologicalChangesC、BiologicalBenefitsD、BiologicalClocks标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。全文首段引入biologicalblock后，后面主要对其进行了介绍和说明。MelanieRobertsCommunicationsOfficerCenterforMediaFreedomFoundationDearMs.Roberts,IreceivedaninvitationfromyourgoodofficelastweekstatingyourupcomingseminaronConflictJournalism.Thisistoconfirmmyattendanceonthesaidevent.Ibelievethattrainingandseminarisaperfectvenueformetolearnmoreinthisindustry.Ialsowanttomeetmorepeopleinthemediaindustry.Iwouldliketothankyourofficeforincludingmeasoneofthechosenfewattendees.Ihavealsothedetailsontheseminarprogramandvenue.Shouldtherebeanychangeonthedetailsyouhaveearliersentme,pleasecallmeatmymobilephonenumber195-785-425soIcanadjusttothechanges.ThankyouandIlookforwardtomeetingyouintheseminar.BestRegards,MarrahWalker22、Themainpurposeofthisletteristo_________.A、apologizefornotattendingaseminarB、confirmtheparticipationofameetingC、getsomecoursesinformationD、askaboutsomedetailsofaseminar标准答案：B知识点解析：主旨题。本文第一段便提到了写信是为了确认出席会议。23、Whatistheseminarprobablyabout?A、Culture.B、Sales.C、Media.D、Revenue.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。根据最后一段的表述，可知写信者认为能够通过会议认识传媒行业的人，故此次会议最有可能是关于传媒的。PeopleAreMoreHonestthanTheyThinkTheyAreImaginethatyoufoundawalletinthestreetcontainingastranger'scontactdetailsbutnocash.Wouldyougooutofyourwaytoreturnittoitsowner?Nowimaginethatthesamewalletcontainedafewcrispbanknotes.Wouldthatalteryourresponse?Doesitdependontheamountofmoney?Andhowdoyouthinkotherpeoplewouldreactinsimilarcircumstances?Honestymakestheworldgoround.Withoutpeopletrustinginoneanother,atleasttoacertainextent,societywouldfallapart.Honestyisthereforestudiedacademically.Mostworkinthearea,though,takesplaceundercontrolledconditionsinlaboratories.Moreover,itoftenfeatureswell-offandwell-educatedWesternersasitssubjects.BycontrastAlainCohnoftheUniversityofMichiganandhiscolleagueshavetakensuchbehavioraleconomicsaroundtheworld.AstheteamreportthisweekinScience,fromCanadatoThailandandfromRussiatoPeru,Dr.Cohn'sresearchassistantsenteredpublicbuildingslikebanks,museumsandpolicestations.Theyhandedinadummywallettoanemployeeinthereceptionarea,sayingtheyhadfounditonthestreetoutside,beforemakingahastyexit.Eachwalletwasasee-throughplasticcardcasecontainingthreeidenticalbusinesscards(withauniqueemailaddressandafictitiousnativeman'sname),ashoppinglist(inthelocallanguage)andakey.Crucially,somewalletsalsoincluded$13.45inthelocalcurrency,whilesomehadnocash.Then,theteamsimplywaitedtoseewhowouldemailthe"owner"aboutreturningthewallet.In38ofthe40countries,thewalletswithmoneyinthemwerereturnedmoreoftenthanthosewithout(51%ofthetime,comparedwith40%forthecashless).Whileratesofhonestyvariedgreatlybetweendifferentplaces(Scandinaviamosthonest,AsiaandAfricaleast),thedifferencewithinindividualcountriesbetweenthetworeturnrateswasquitestablearoundthatfigureof11percentagepoints.Inaddition,walletscontainingalargersumofmoney($94.15)wereevenmorelikely(byaboutanothertenpercentagepoints)tobereturnedthanthosewithless,althoughthe"bigmoney"experimentwasdoneinonlythreecountries—atleastwhenitcomestolostwalletsandpettycashIntriguingly,though,suchpersonalprobityisnotreflectedinpeople'sexpectationsoftheirfellowmenandwomen.WhenDr.Cohnandhisteamsurveyedasampleof299(admittedlyexclusivelyAmerican)volunteers,mostrespondentspredictedthatthemoremoneytherewasinawalletthemorelikelyitwasthatitwouldbekept.Theyalsoaskedthequestionof279topacademiceconomists,whodidonlymarginallybetterthanthemanorwomaninthestreetatgettingtheanswerright.Acertaincynicismaboutthemotivesofothersisprobablygoodforsurvival,sotheresponseofthegeneralpopulationmaybeunderstandable.Butthewarminnerglowderivedfrom"doingtherightthing"isalsoapowerfulmotivator.Howthisaltruismevolvedismuchdebatedbybiologistsandanthropologists—particularlywhenitextends,asinDr.Cohn'sexperiments,tostrangerswhomthealtruisthasnoexpectationofevermeeting.Bethatasitmay,asthisstudyshows,suchaltruismisrealanduniversal.Thestudyalsosuggests,fromtheresponsestheygave,thatquiteafeweconomistshavenotyettrulytakenthispointonboard.24、Inthefirstparagraph,w