四川省南充市营山县第三中学2024年八年级英语第二学期期末检测试题含答案

四川省南充市营山县第三中学2024年八年级英语第二学期期末检测试题满分120分，时间90分钟一、单项选择（共10小题，满分20分）1、—Ihaven’tseenyourEnglishteacher.Whereisshe?—It’ssaidshe________Englandforfurtherstudyforhalfanyear.A.hasbeenin B.hasbeento C.hasgoneto D.hascometo2、Itwilltakeonly30minutesfromTaixingtoChangzhouafterChangtaiYangtzeRiverRailwayBridge________nextyear.A.isbuilt B.willbebuilt C.builds D.willbuild3、YoucanimproveyourEnglish_________practicingmore.A.by B.with C.of D.in4、—Betty!Icalledyouatnineo’clockthismorning,butyoudidn’tanswerit.What’swrong?—Iamsorry.I________mygrandmainhospitalatthattime.A.visited B.willvisit C.wasvisiting5、Thereareaboutsix________doctorsworkinginthehospital.A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandsof D.thousandof6、WhenJennygottohisoffice,he_________tohismotheronthephone.A.hasspoken B.spoke C.wasspeaking D.speaks7、—IthinklisteningtomusichelpscalmmedownwhileIamdoingmyhomework.—________.Ineedtostudyinaquietenvironment.A.Idon’tagreewithyou B.Thatsoundsfun C.SoIdo D.Ithinkso8、—Whosesmartphoneisthis?Isit________,Peter?—No,it’snot.It’s_________.A.your;his B.you;him C.yours;his D.yours;him9、UnlikeenginessuchasGoogleorBaidu,ChatGPTreallygoesastep________inlearning.A.closer B.further C.wider D.harder10、—What’swrongwithJoe?Doyouknowthe________?—Yes.Helosthisjob.A.plan B.truth C.promise D.decision二、完成句子（共5小题，满分10分）11、LastSunday,astrangerofferedtogiveMilliearideonthestreet,butsher________politely.12、他对学习数学感兴趣。He________________________learningmath.13、story,begin,does,how,the_____________________________________?14、Davidwassotiredthathefella________inaminute.15、is，what，heavy，arain，it________________________________!三、补全对话（10分）16、根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。A:WelcometoHisenseStore.__________1__________?B:I’dliketobuyasmartTV.A:WehavemanysmartTVshere.WhatkindofsmartTVdoyouwant?B:__________2__________.A:Howaboutthisone?B:Itlooksnice.__________3__________?A:It’s6,888yuan.There’sasaleontoday.Youcangetitwith6,000yuan.B:OK,__________4__________.Bytheway,isthereabookstorenearhere?A:No.ButthereisoneonRenminRoad.B:__________5__________?A:Yes,itis.It’sabout5kilometersaway.B:OK,Iwillgotherebytaxi.四、阅读理解（40分）17、配对阅读。左栏是五个人遇到的问题，右栏是七则应对建议。请为每个人选择一个适合他们的建议。___1___It’sahotschoolday.Iamsuddenlyhavinganosebleed.WhatcanIdoatthismoment?___2___WhenIran100meterrace,IransofastthatIfelldownontheground.Mylegwasbroken.WhatshouldIdo?___3___Myrighthandwasburnedwhencooking.Ithurtalot.WhatshouldIdo?___4___Mycousinisa5-year-oldgirl.Onedaywhenwewereeatinglunch,shecouldn’tbreathebecausetherewassomefoodinherthroat.WhatshouldIdo?___5___Myclothescaughtfireduringafireorbyaccident.WhatshouldIdo?A.Ifthishappens,don’trun!Instead,stop,droptoroll(滚动).Thiswillcutofftheairandputouttheflames.B.Standbehindthepersonandputyourarmsaroundherwaist(腰).Useyourhandtohitherstomach.Dothisuptofivetimes.Ifthefoodstilldoesn’tcomeout,call120.C.Quicklycoolitwithcoldrunningwater.Youshoulddothisforatleast10minutes.Thencallanadultforhelporgotohospital.Donotuseice.Itcanmakeburnedareaevenworse.D.Youcanputyourheaddownandpressthenose.Ifthebleedingdoesn’tstopafterfivetosixminutes,findyourteacherforhelp.E.YoushoulddoCPR(心肺复苏术)tothepersonin10minutesifyou’vegottrained.F.Youcanholdthebrokenlegwithyourhandsorclothestostopmovement.Then,findanadultorcall120forhelp.G.Therightwayistowalkslowlytofindoutwhetherthelegisbroken.Then,gotofindanadultforhelp.18、Isavedthegraincarefullyandfinallyhadenoughtoplant.Ibuiltawallaroundmygardentokeepthewildgoatsaway.Thenwhenmycropboreitsfruit,thebirdsdiscoveredit.Thebirdswerenotafraidofmydogatall.IshotthembutassoonasIwalkedaway,theyreturned.Atlast,Ikilledsomebirdsandhungthemamongthecrop,hopingtheywouldserveasthescarecrows,whichturnedouttobesuccessful.Byharvesttime,Ihadnearlytwobushelsofriceandtwoandahalfbushelsofwheat.Withmynewgraintostore,Ifoundanewproblem.Thefinegrainranthroughmybaskets.Ittookmenearlytwomonthstoformanddrytwouglypots—oneforriceandoneforwheat.NextIformedaclayoven(炉灶)andmadesomeothertoolsfromhardwoodandclothtobake(烘烤)bread.Imadeandbakedbreadinmyoven.Ispentthethirdyearontheislandinfarmingandbaking.Soonafterthat,IbegantothinkofmydayssailinginatidyboatwithXury.Iwishedtohaveaboatandexploretheislandbysea.Itriedtoturnovertheship’boatthatIhadseenwashedup,butfailed.Iwasstilldeterminedtohaveaboat.SoIchoseastrongtreeandspentweekscuttingitdown.Thenittookmemonthstoturnitfromtreetoboat.Whenitwastimetolaunch(下水),IrealizedIhadmademyboattoofarfromtheneareststream.Theboatwasfartooheavyformetomove.Itriedbringingthewatertotheboatinsteadoftheboattothewater.Isoonsawitwouldtakemetwentyyearsofconstantlabor.Icelebratedmyfourthyearontheislandwithtwoboats,butIwasnoclosertoaseajourney.——TakenfromTheAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe1.Paragraph2mainlytellsus________.A.howmuchriceandwheatthewriterharvestedB.howmanytoolsthewritermadetobakebreadC.howthewriterprotectedhiscropfromthebirdsD.howthewriterkeptthewildgoatsawayfromhiscrop2.Whatdoes“anewproblem”inParagraph3referto?A.Howtoplantgrain. B.Howtomakepots.C.Howtostoregrain. D.Howtofixthebaskets.3.Bythelastsentence“Iwasnoclosertoaseajourney”,thewritermeans________.A.hewasgettingcloserandclosertotheseaB.hewasgettingfartherandfartherfromtheseaC.itwaspossibleforhimtohaveaseajourneyinhisboatsD.itwasstillimpossibleforhimtoexploretheislandbysea4.Whatcanweinfer(推断)fromthepassage?A.Thewritermanagedtoturnovertheshipsboat.B.Thewriterspentmonthsbringingtheboattotheneareststream.C.Thewritertriedtosolvetheproblemswithhiscourageandwisdom.D.Thewriterspentthethirdyearontheislandinfarmingandbaking.19、阅读短文及文后A～E选项，选出可以填入1～5各题空白处的最佳选项。Howwouldwetravelwithoutmaps?Iftherewasn’tamap,itwouldbeabitadventurous（冒险的）togotoafar-awayplace.___1___Sowhatdidpeopledobeforethereweremaps?Well,itwasquiteeasytousenaturalsignslikemountainsandrivers.___2___Forexample,thenextvillageisathree-hourride.Intheearliestmaps,peopledidn’tdrawmarkstoshowdirections.___3___Theskywasalotclearerwithoutlightpollution.Whentownsandcitieswerebuilt,peopledrewroadmapsandgavecorrectdistanceanddirections.___4___ButamancalledHenryrealizedthattravellingbytrainwasn’tthesameasdrivingyourcaracrossLondon.Passengersonlyneededtoknowwhichstationstochangeat.Hedesignedanundergroundmapwhichbecamepopularwithboththetraincompaniesandthepassengers.___5___.It’sreallydifficulttogetlost!A.Instead,theylookedfordirectionsinthenightskybystars.B.Anditwaseasiertousetimethanusingdistancetodescribejourney.C.Thesedays,youcantravelthroughaforestmoreeasilywiththehelpofaGPS.D.TheLondonUndergroundwasopenedin1863anditalsousedaroadmap.E.Infact,alotofearlymapmakerswereadventurersandexplorers,especiallyinthe15thandthe16thcentury.20、Sincetheearliesttimes,treeshavealwaysbeenveryusefulandimportanttoman.Eventodaytreescontinuetoserveusinsomanyways.Treesgiveusfruitsandbuildingmaterialsintheformofwood.Withouttreesitwouldbeimpossibletobuildhouses,boatsandevenbridges.Furnituresuchastables,chairsandbedsismadeofwood.Itisveryhotinthetropics（热带地区）allthroughtheyear.Treesprotectmanfromtheterribleheat.Theycanalsopreventgoodandrichtopsoilfrombeingwashedawayduringheavyrains.Iftherewerenotrees,thelandwouldbecomeadesert.Therearesomanydesertareasintheworld.Peopleinthepasthadlittleknowledgeaboutscienceofnature,theycutdownthetreesandneverplantednewones.Aftersomeyears,therichsurfacesoilwasblownawaybystrongwindsandwashedawaybyheavyrains.Intheend,thelandwasturnedintouselessdesertswherenothingcouldgrow.1.Treeswere________tomanintheearliesttimes.A.useful B.useless C.terrible D.notimportant2.________aremadeofwood.A.Tallbuildings B.Oldcars C.Chairsandbeds D.Newfruits3.Treesprotectusfrom________inthetropics.A.heavyrains B.coldweather C.beingwashedaway D.theterribleheat4.Becausetreeswerecutdown,________.A.thelandwasturnedintodeserts B.thesoilbecamericherandricherC.newstreeswereplantedontheland D.peoplebuiltalotofhousesintheareas5.Accordingtothepassage,________.A.treesarenotasusefulnowastheyusedtobe B.peoplehavealwaysfoundtreesveryusefultothemC.treesweremoreusefulinthepastthantheyarenow D.peopleinthepastdidn’tknowhowtomakeuseoftrees五、完形填空（10分）21、March22isWorldWaterDay.Itstartedin1993.Itnotonlymakesusthinkabouttheimportanceofwater,butalsocallson（号召）usto___1___andprotectwater.Today,we'refacingterriblewaterproblems.Amongthem,thewastewaterproblemisrather___2___,AndthesubjectofWorldWaterDayin2017is“wastewater”.Whatiswastewater?Itisusedwater.Usually,wastewatercomesfromhomes,___3___,hospitalandsoon.Itisproducedbydifferentkindsofactivities,includingwashingmachines,takingshowersandusingkitchens.Therainalso___4___wastewaterwhenitisrunningdownthestreetduringastorm.Nomatterwhereitcomesfrom,thiskindofwaterissuretohave___5___harmfulinit．___6___mustwetreat（处理）wastewater?Wastewaterhasabiginfluenceinourlives.Itcausesbothillnessforusandpollutionfortheenvironment.Wemustcareforourenvironmentandourown___7___.Howcanwetreatwastewater?Differentkindsofwastewaterneeddifferentwaysoftreatment.Wastewater___8___homescanbereused.Thentherewillbe___9___wastewater.Also,factorywastewaterhastobecleaned___10___itgoesbacktonature.1.A.drink B.save C.carry D.watch2.A.easy B.popular C.small D.serious3.A.factories B.lakes C.rivers D.seas4.A.getsback B.handsin C.changesinto D.picksup5.A.nothing B.something C.nobody D.somebody6.A.What B.Who C.Why D.How7.A.work B.interest C.health D.business8.A.on B.for C.with D.from9.A.less B.more C.better D.worse10.A.and B.whether C.after D.before六、阅读表达（10分）22、LudwickMarishane,ayoungmanfromSouthAfrica,waswithhisfriendsinLimpopowhentheystartedtalkingaboutinventing(发明)somethingtoputonyourskinsoyoudon’thavetotakeabath.Heusedhismobilephonetodoalotofresearch(研究)online.Millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldhaven’tgotcleanwater.Thisisahugeproblembecausedirtywatercausesterribleillnesses.Oneofthemistrachoma(沙眼).Thousandsofpeopleallovertheworldgetiteveryyear.Theywashtheirfaceswithdirtywater,getaninfection(传染病)andsometimesbecomeblind.Ludwickstartedthinking.Hewantedtomakesomethingtohelppeopleinpartsoftheworldwhereit’sdifficulttofindcleanwater.Hedidmoreresearchonhismobile.Ludwickhadaplan.Hewantedtomakeagel(凝胶)forpeopletoputontheirskinsotheydon’thavetotakeabath.Hewrotetheformula(配方)forthegelonhismobilephone.Whenhewasatuniversity,heneverstoppedthinkingabouthisinvention.Threeyearslaterthedreamcametrue.Hemadethegelandcalledit“DryBath”.Itlookslikeanyothergel,butitisn’t!Itsaveslivesanditalsohelpssavewater!LudwickMarishaneisthewinneroflotsofprizes.Peoplecallhim“oneofthebrightestyoungmenintheworld”.Heisveryhappyaboutthesuccess.That’simportantinmanypartsoftheworldwhereit’sdifficulttofindcleanwater.Nowhewantstoinventotherthings,andhewantstohelpotheryoungpeoplebecomeinventors,too.回答下面5个问题，每题答案不超过6个词。1.WheredoesLudwickMarishanecomefrom?_______________2.Whatdoesdirtywatercause?_______________3.Howdopeopleusethegel“Drybath”?_______________4.WhatdoesDryBathhelpdo?_______________5.WhatdoyouthinkofLudwickMarishane?_______________七、书面表达（20分）人际沟通在生活中具有重大意义。人们通过相互沟通、互相了解、互相影响，从而实现共同的目标。良好、高效的沟通能够帮助人们适应环境、调节心理、处事圆融。你知道如何进行有效的人际沟通吗？请描述一件发生在自己身上的事，说说自己对沟通的理解和感悟。要点：1.事情的经过和发展；2.沟通在其中扮演的重要作用；3.你有什么收获和感想。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。提示词：人际沟通interpersonalcommunication目标goal(n.)有效地effectively(adv.)表达express(v.)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案一、单项选择（共10小题，满分20分）1、A【解析】【详解】句意：——我没有看到你的英语老师。她在哪？——据说她为了进一步学习待在英国半年了。考查短语辨析。hasbeenin住在某地或待在某地一段时间，后可接时间段；hasbeento某人曾经去过某地，此时已回来；hasgoneto某人去了某地，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中或已经到了目的地；hascometo已来到。根据时间状语“forhalfanyear”可知，这里指“待在某地一段时间”。故选A。2、A【解析】【详解】句意：明年长泰长江铁路桥建成后，从泰兴到常州只需30分钟。考查动词时态。此处为时间状语从句，且主句表达将来含义，遵循“主将从现”原则，分析句子结构可知，ChangtaiYangtzeRiverRailwayBridge与谓语build之间是被动关系，故此处是一般现在时的被动语态bedone。故选A。3、A【解析】【详解】试题分析：句意：你可以通过更多的练习来提高你的英语。improveyourEnglish提高你的英语；by+doing表示通过某种方式。故选A。考点：考查介词的用法。4、C【解析】【详解】句意：——贝蒂！今天早上9点我给你打电话，但你没有接。怎么了？——抱歉。那时我正在医院里看望我的奶奶。考查动词的时态。根据“I...visitingmygrandmainhospitalatthattime.”可知，是那个时候Betty正在看望奶奶，表达过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时。故选C。5、A【解析】【详解】句意：这家医院大约有六千名医生。考查thousand的用法。thousand千。前有具体的数字，thousand不加s不加of；前无具体的数字，thousand加s加of。空格前有具体数字six，因此thousand不加s不加of。故选A。6、C【解析】【详解】句意：当Jenny到达他的办公室时，他正在和他妈妈讲电话。考查动词时态。根据“WhenJennygottohisoffice”可知，时态为过去进行时，结构是“was/weredoing”。故选C。7、A【解析】【详解】句意：——我认为在我做作业的时候，听音乐有助于我平静下来。——我不同意你的观点。我需要在安静的环境中学习。考查情景交际。Idon’tagreewithyou我不同意；Thatsoundsfun听起来很有趣；SoIdo我也是；Ithinkso我也这么想。根据“IthinklisteningtomusichelpscalmmedownwhileIamdoingmyhomework.”以及“Ineedtostudyinaquietenvironment.”可知，两者观点不一致。此处应说“我不同意”。故选A。8、C【解析】【详解】句意：——这是谁的智能手机？这是你的吗，彼得？——不，不是的。是他的。考查代词的用法。your你的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；his他的，形容词性物主代词；you你，主格/宾格；him他，宾格；yours你的，名词性物主代词。根据“Whosesmartphoneisthis?”可知，第一个空用名词性物主代词，等于yoursmartphone，因此排除AB选项；又由“No,it’snot.It’s…”可知，此处用名词性物主代词“his”,等于hissmartphone。故选C。9、B【解析】【详解】句意：与谷歌或百度等搜索引擎不同，ChatGPT在学习上真的更进一步了。考查副词辨析。closer更接近；further进一步，在更大程度上；wider更广阔地；harder更努力地，更艰苦地。根据题干“UnlikeenginessuchasGoogleorBaidu,ChatGPTreallygoesastep...”可知，在拿ChatGPT与其他搜索引擎进行比较，应用比较级。由常识可知，ChatGPT比其他搜索引擎更先进，goastepfurther意为“更进一步”。故选B。10、B【解析】【详解】句意：——Joe怎么了？你知道真相吗？——是的，他丢了工作。根据A.plan计划；B.truth事实，真相；C.promise承诺，保证；D.decision决定；根据What’swrongwithJoe?和Helosthisjob.可知是真相；故选B。二、完成句子（共5小题，满分10分）11、(r)efused【解析】【详解】句意：上周日，一个陌生人在街上提出让米莉搭车，但她礼貌地拒绝了。根据首字母提示和“offeredtogiveMilliearide”可知，礼貌拒绝对方的提议，句子时态是一般过去时，refused符合句意。故填(r)efused。12、①.is②.interested③.in【解析】【详解】“对……感兴趣”beinterestedinsth，主语是He，时态是一般现在时，所以be动词用is，故填is；interested；in。13、Howdoesthestorybegin【解析】【详解】根据所给单词和标点可知应用特殊疑问句的形式，分析所给单词，thestory是主语；how特殊疑问词，does为助动词，begin应使用动词原形。根据does可知，句子应为一般现在时。故填Howdoesthestorybegin“这个故事是怎么开始的”。14、(a)sleep【解析】【详解】句意：戴维太累了，以致于一会儿就睡着了。根据“Davidwassotired”及首字母提示可知，此处表达的是“入睡，睡着”，结合fell可知，应是“fallasleep”这个动词短语，故填(a)sleep。15、Whataheavyrainitis【解析】【详解】根据所给词汇和标点符号，可知句子是what构成的感叹句。结合what引导的感叹句结构“What+a/an+adj+n+主语+谓语！”可知感叹的中心词是名词rain，形容词heavy放在名词前，it代指天气作主语，is作谓语。故答案为：Whataheavyrainitis“真是一场大雨”。三、补全对话（10分）16、1.CanIhelpyou/WhatcanIdoforyou/…2.IwantaTVwithabigscreen/IwantaTVthatfitsmylivingroom/…3.Howmuchisit/What'sthepriceofit/Howmuchdoesitcost/…4.I’lltake/buyit5.Isitfarfromhere【解析】【导语】本文是B去购买电视机与售货员的对话。【1题详解】根据“I’dliketobuyasmartTV”可知，这是一个购物的场景，售货员应说“有什么可以帮到你”，故填CanIhelpyou/WhatcanIdoforyou/…。【2题详解】根据“WhatkindofsmartTVdoyouwant”可知，介绍自己想要的电视机，故填IwantaTVwithabigscreen/IwantaTVthatfitsmylivingroom/…。【3题详解】根据“It’s6,888yuan.”可知，询问多少钱，故填Howmuchisit/What'sthepriceofit/Howmuchdoesitcost/…。【4题详解】根据“OK,”可知，决定要买下它，故填I’lltake/buyit。【5题详解】根据“Yes,itis.It’sabout5kilometersaway”可知，问句为一般疑问句，且是询问距离，故填Isitfarfromhere。四、阅读理解（40分）17、1.D2.F3.C4.B5.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了五个人遇到的身体突发情况和常用的七则急救措施。【1题详解】根据“Iamsuddenlyhavinganosebleed”可知，我突然流鼻血了，所以需要及时止血。选项D“你可以低着头按住鼻子，如果五到六分钟仍然没有停止流血，请找老师帮助。”与之对应。故选D。【2题详解】根据“IransofastthatIfelldownontheground.Mylegwasbroken.”可知，我跑的太快摔倒了，腿摔断了，急救措施应该是针对腿部的。选项F“你可以用手或衣服抓住腿停止移动，然后找一位成年人或拨打120求助。”与之对应。故选F。【3题详解】根据“Myrighthandwasburnedwhencooking.Ithurtalot”可知，做饭时右手被烫伤了，很痛，急救措施是处理烫伤的方法。选项C“用流动的冷水快速冷却至少10分钟，然后找一位成年人帮助或去医院。不要使用冰块，它会使烧伤区域更严重。”与之对应。故选C。【4题详解】根据“shecouldn’tbreathebecausetherewassomefoodinherthroat”可知，她有食物卡在喉咙里了无法呼吸，所以应该及时将食物弄出来恢复呼吸。选项B“站在她身后，搂住她的腰，用你的手按她的肚子，做5次如果食物还没有出来，拨打120。”与之对应。故选B。【5题详解】根据“Myclothescaughtfireduringafireorbyaccident.”可知，我的衣服在火灾或意外中着火了，应该立即灭火。选项A“如果发生这样的情况，不要跑，停下来滚动，这样可以切断空气从而扑灭火焰。”与之对应。故选A。18、1.C2.C3.D4.C【解析】【导语】本文节选于小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》，主要描写了鲁滨逊在荒岛求生的一段经历。鲁滨逊在荒岛上种庄稼、解决容器问题，以及尝试制作一艘小船但是并没有成功。【1题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thenwhenmycropboreitsfruit,thebirdsdiscoveredit…Atlast,Ikilledsomebirdsandhungthemamongthecrop,hopingtheywouldserveasthescarecrows,whichturnedouttobesuccessful.”可知，第二段主要讲述了我是如何保护庄稼不被鸟吃掉的，可知选C。【2题详解】词句理解题。根据“Withmynewgraintostore…Ittookmenearlytwomonthstoformanddrytwouglypots—oneforriceandoneforwheat.”可知，新问题是如何储存粮食。故选C。【3题详解】句意理解题。根据“Itriedbringingthewatertotheboatinsteadoftheboattothewater.Isoonsawitwouldtakemetwentyyearsofconstantlabor.”，结合前文想法“Iwishedtohaveaboatandexploretheislandbysea.”可知在海上探索这个岛是不可能的，故选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。本文主要讲述了鲁滨逊用死鸟赶走了鸟，制作容器放粮食，为了造船花费好几周砍树，因此推断鲁滨逊努力用他的勇气和智慧来解决这些问题。由此可知，选项C“我试图用我的勇气和智慧来解决这些问题”正确。故选C。19、1.E2.B3.A4.D5.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了没有地图的情况下，人们如何旅行。【1题详解】根据“Iftherewasn’tamap,itwouldbeabitadventurous（冒险的）togotoafar-awayplace.”可知此处介绍没有地图如何探险，E选项“事实上，许多早期的地图制作者都是冒险家和探险家，尤其是在15世纪和16世”介绍了早期没有地图的冒险家，符合语境。故选E。【2题详解】根据“Forexample,thenextvillageisathree-hourride.”可知此处介绍地图和时间的问题，B选项“用时间比用距离更容易描述旅程”符合语境。故选B。【3题详解】根据“Intheearliestmaps,peopledidn’tdrawmarkstoshowdirections.”可知此处介绍早期的地图如何展示方向，A选项“相反，他们通过星星在夜空中寻找方向”符合语境。故选A。【4题详解】根据“Hedesignedanundergroundmapwhichbecamepopularwithboththetraincompaniesandthepassengers.”可知本段介绍了地铁的地图，D选项“伦敦地铁于1863年开通，它也使用了路线图”符合语境。故选D。【5题详解】根据“It’sreallydifficulttogetlost!”可知此空介绍由于某种方式，迷路很难，C选项“如今，在全球定位系统的帮助下，你可以更容易地穿越森林”符合语境。故选C。20、1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了树木对于人类和环境的好处和重要性。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Sincetheearliesttimes,treeshavealwaysbeenveryusefulandimportanttoman.”可知在最早的时候，树木对于人类是有用的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Furnituresuchastables,chairsandbedsismadeofwood”可知椅子和床是由木头制成的。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Treesprotectmanfromtheterribleheat.”可知在热带，树木保护我们免受酷热的侵袭。故选D。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“Peopleinthepasthadlittleknowledgeaboutscienceofnature,theycutdownthetreesandneverplantednewones.Aftersomeyears,therichsurfacesoilwasblownawaybystrongwindsandwashedawaybyheavyrains.Intheend,thelandwasturnedintouselessdesertswherenothingcouldgrow”可知因树木被砍伐，这块土地变成了沙漠。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。本文讲述了树木对于人类和环境的好处和重要性，之前人们对于自然的科学了解甚少，所以砍伐树木也不种树，经过许多年后发现树木对他们很有用。故选B。五、完形填空（10分）21、1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.C7.C8.D9.A10.D【解析】【分析】现在我们面临着严重的水问题，其中废水问题尤为严重。2017年世界水日主题为“废水”。短文介绍了什么是废水，我们为什么要处理废水，以及如何处理废水。号召我们要节约和保护水资源。【1题详解】句意：它不仅使我们思考水的重要性，而且呼吁我们节约和保护水。A.drink喝；B.save节约；C.carry搬运；D.watch观看。前半句提到世界水日让人们来思考水的重要性，因此我们要节约用水，故答案为B。【2题详解】句意：其中废水问题较为严重。A.easy容易的；B.popular流行的；C.small小的；D.serious严重的。根据后面的句子AndthesubjectofWorldWaterDayin2017is“wastewater”.2017年世界水日主题为“废水”。说明废水问题较为严重。故答案为D。【3题详解】句意：通常废水来自家庭、工厂、医院等。A.factories工厂；B.lakes湖；C.rivers河流；D.seas大海。工厂会产生工业污水，是产生废水的主要来源，故答案为A。【4题详解】句意：暴雨期间雨水在沿着街道流淌时也会变成废水。A.getsback拿回；B.handsin上交；C.changesinto变成；D.picksup捡起。雨水变废水，雨水流到街道上也是废水产生的一个来源，故答案为C。【5题详解】句意：这种水肯定含有有害物质。A.nothing没有什么；B.something某物；C.nobody没有人；D.somebody某人。雨水中含有的东西，不能用指人的不定代词来表示，排除C,D；根据生活常识可知，废水中含有各种有害物质，故答案为B。【6题详解】句意：我们为什么要处理废水？A.What什么；B.Who谁；C.Why为什么；D.How怎么样。根据后面的句子“Wastewaterhasabiginfluenceinourlives.Itcausesbothillnessforusandpollutionfortheenvironment.”废水对我们的生活有很大的影响。它既给我们带来疾病，也给环境带来污染。这也是处理废水的原因，因此上句是询问原因，答案为C。【7题详解】句意：我们必须关心我们的环境和我们自己的健康。A.work工作；B.interest兴趣；C.health健康；D.business生意。上句提到水污染会让人们产生疾病，因此我们必须要关注我们的健康问题，故答案为C。【8题详解】句意：家庭废水可以再利用。A.on在……上面；B.for为了；C.with与……一起；D.from来自。使用介词from表示废水的来源，故答案为D。【9题详解】句意：这样废水就会减少。A.less更少的；B.more更多；C.better更好的；D.worse更糟的。上句提到家庭用水得到循环利用，因此废水可以有效的减少，故答案为A。【10题详解】句意：在工厂废水回归自然之前，必须对其进行清洁。A.and和，而且；B.whether是否；C.after在……之后；D.before在……之前。此句是强调工业污水必须要净化处理，肯定是是在回归自然之前处理。故答案为D。【点睛】本文是一篇环保话题的短文阅读，主要介绍污水的产生及对人的危害和处理，号召人们节约用水，主题鲜明，具有新时代的教育意义。考查的题型是完形填空。完形填空考查的是单词、语法、句式等的综合能力，对于每个学生来说都是难点。在所给的每篇文章中都有一定量的生词，要通过语法关系，猜测整句句义，然后做题。这就要求你既要有足够的单词量，还要有对整句的把握能力。首先花几分钟进行整体的阅读，弄清楚时间，人物及情节。不提倡看一个做一个，平时的学习中要注意多积累固定句型，考试时才能准确判断出相应的知识点。如果是考查名词，动词的词义辨析，一定要结合上下文去找出相关的信息，切记要有耐心。如第10小题是考查连词辨析。工厂产生的污水要经过污水处理之后才能回归自然，也就是说在工厂废水回归自然之前，必须对其进行清洁处理。所以选择