高考英语语法考点提纲

高考英语语法考点提纲

闵行三中李峰

1.冠词；数词

1）泛指与特指（fig、1）

三步推理（如图）

2）序数词与比较级加冠词

never...abetterone

athirdone=another=thenext

thebetteroneofthetwo

amostimportantmatter

3）词组辨异

attable-atthetable

outofquestion—outofthequestion

gotothecinema-gotoacinema

asecond;amost...

thebalanceofnature；space；theuniverse；

thete1ephone（invention）

theChinese1anguage

4）专有名词：TheSmiths；atHarold's;buyaChinaDaily；achemis

tandmathematician；inthe1980s;inhisfifties;TheUnitedState

s（America）;theSpringFestival；（anartfestival）

5）a+不可数名词

agoodknowledgeofEnglish;ascienee

2.名词；代词;主谓一致

1）不定代词（复合代词）：

指代得单复数：everyone；each;everyone；much；most；none;neither;

half;

后置修饰语：that定语从句；形容词后置；介词短语；非谓语形式

可否接of短语：everyone-everyone；none-noone；

几组辨异词：

1）other;theother;another；others;theothers

2）none;neither;noone；nothing

3）every；everyone;everyone：each;anyone

4）any；some；something;anything

5）few;afew；1ittle；alittle

2）反身代词：

词组；enjoy;devote;accustom;make（...done）-oneself

反身动词（seat；dress；station；locate；hide；devote；adapt；prepare；

etc）；

自己得怎么说：one'sown...;a...ofone'sown；

3）集合名词：group；population;audience；team；family；majority；voc

abu1ary；etc>

thecattie；thepeop1e;thepo1ice；clothes;（pl、）

4）可数名词与不可数名词：twopiecesofpaper；apairoftrousers（they;

thispair）;etc>

twodo11ars；tenmiles;

5）就近/远原则：neithernor...；--------aswellas;togetherwith

6）eIse:somethingelse；anyoneelse；whoelse；whoelse's

3.形容词;副词

1）比较句型

as...as,

notso...as,

more...than,

lessoftenthan,

themore...theless;

moreandmore

思考：Youcan'tlearnaforeign1anguageovernight___youcaneatame

a1inonemouthful、A、nomorethanB>anymorethanC、j

ustasD>asif（解法:not=not；notWyes）

Thelargervocabu1aryyouhave,theeasieryouwillfindE

ng1ish>

A、1earningB、tolearnCxittolearnD、whenyou1ear

n

2）倍数表达

twiceasmany（cars）as

twicemorethan

twicetheproductionof

doubledthescoreofhisopponent、

Manythingsnowcostdoublewhattheydidafewyearsago

3）比较级表最高

morethananyothercountry；

morethantheothercountries,

morethananyoftheothercountries;

Noonecanbemorestrictthanhe、

Ihaveneverseenamoremagnificentseenethanthis^

Thelargervocabu1aryyouhave,theeasieryouwi11finditto1eam

English>

4）比较词组

as...aspossible,assoonas,asto；

as...asonesofar,morethan,

can,soasto,nomorethan

as...asanythinasfor,no1essthan,

g，asaru1e,nothinglessthan,

aswel1as,asaresult,otherthan,

and...aswell,asamatteroffacnootherthan,

so1ongas,t,ratherthan,

sofaras,asawhole,nosooner...than

nomore,notanyno1onger,notany

more,longer；

4.动词;时态与语态

1）系动词:get；seem；appear；tum;fall;bee;remain；stay；pro

ve；turnout;etc、

2）情态动词用法：shouId；sha11；may；can；dare；need；

3）haveto;usedto；etc、（否定；结构辨析）

4）各种时态得基本用法（时间状语；语境语气；句型；）

5）句型中得特定时态

1.ItisseveralyearssinceIsawher1asttime、

ItwasseveralyearssinceIhadsawhim、

2.ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere、

ThatwasthesecondtimeIhadbeenthere^

3.Jimmyhadhardlygotothestationwhenthebuslef

4.Itishightimethatyoudidyourhomework、

5.Themanagerwillseeyouifheisfreetomorrow、

6.Themanseemsasifhehadbeentheremanytimes

IwouldhaveseenthefilmifIhadhadtimeyesterday>（虚拟语气）

7.Hedidn'tseetheresu1tuntilheleft、

Itwasnotuntilthenthatheknewhehadbeencheated、

8.Itisnecessarythatweshouldlearnhardsoastopasstheexam

ination>

9.Ididn'tthinkyouwereingtoday、

10.Itwil1belongbeforewetakeoverthecity>

Itwasseveralyearsbeforeconstructionofthebuildingw

asstarted、、

11.Gostraightandyouwil1seeapostacrossthestreet>

12.Inthepastfewyearswehavebuiltsevenhighways>

Bytheendof1astyearhehad1earnedtwothousandwords^

Sofarlhaveknownheisafalsefriend、

Bythetimeyougottherehewillhave1eft>

6）主动语态表被动：prove；blame;se11；turnout;require;resultfrom;

5.非谓语动词（参考资料）

非谓语动词就是高中语法得重点,也就是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各

种形式得特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们先来瞧瞧非谓语动词得各种变化形式。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形

式后，做题时可分四步分析。

一、分析句子结构A1、manytimes,buthestil1couldn'tunderstandit、A2、many

times,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit、A、Havingbeento1d>B>ToldC、H

ewastoldD、Thoughhehadbeentoldtothe1eftyou'llfindthe

postoffice、A4、Ifyoutotheleft>you11findthepostoffice、A5、

totheleftandyou'llfindthepostoffice、A、TurningB、ToturnC、T

umD、Turncd

分析:句1、用连词but引导并列句子，因此,前面也就是个独立句子成分，故选C。A句2、句中用逗号隔

开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不就是句子结构，只就是句子得一个成分，故选A,非谓语动词作状语。

句3、同句2,选A.A句4、前面用if引导从句，故选C,构成从句谓语。A句5、同句1,选C。A二、

分析逻辑主语A确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语.非谓语动词虽不能作谓语.但仍具有动

词特点，其逻辑上得动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须与句子得真正主语一

致。若不一致，则须加上自己得逻辑主语.

1、nobuses,wehavetowalkhome、A、TherebeingB、ItwereT

herewereD、Itbeing42、SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome、

分析：句1、表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“therebe”结构，即逻辑主语就是“there”，故选A。句2、同

理选Do向三、分析语态A分析语态就就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词与逻辑主语在搭配使用时

就是主动还就是被动关系。

1、fromspace,theearthlooksb1ue、

2、fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue、A、SeenB、See

ingC、ToseeD>See

这两个题选项中得非谓语动词都没有加自己得逻辑主语，因此其逻辑主语就就是句子得主语。A分析:句1、

“地球”被"瞧起来''，表被动，故选A,用过去分词表被动。句2、我们“主动瞧……”即表主动，故选B.A3、

Thedirtyclothes,thegir1hungthemupoutside、44、the

dirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside、A、waswashedB>washedC>werewas

hedD、havingwashedA分析：句3、前面应用非谓语动词作句子得状语，逻辑主语就是“thedirtyclot

hcs”，与动词搭配表示“衣服被洗”,故选B0

句4、逻辑主语为句子得主语“thegirl”,表示“女孩洗衣服”，为主动关系，故选DoA四、分析时态，在

选定了主动或被动后，还要考虑动作发生得时间问题，即时态。

1、Thebui1dingnowwi11bearestaurant、

2、Thebui1dingnextyearwi11bearestaurant、4、Thebui1ding

lastyearisarestaurant、AA、havingbeenbui1tB、tobebuiltC、beingbuilt

D、bui1t

句1中now说明大楼正在被修，故用进行式，选C。A句2中nextyear说明大楼将在明年被修,故用表将来得

不定式，选Bo

句3中1astyear说明大楼已被修，但不能选，因为现在分词得完成式不能作定语，故用过去分词，

选D。A又如:A］、Hestoodthereforhismother、

2、fortwohours,hewentaway、A、waitingB、towaitC、waitedD、H

avingwaited

句1表示“站在那等”，两个动词同时发生，故选A作伴随状语。

句2表示已经等了两个小时，发生在谓语动词“wentaway”之前，故用完成式，选D。

需要注意得就是，非谓语动词得否定也就是常考得项目，要认清否定形式，非谓语动词得否定都应将not

放在前面。如:AWhatisthereasonforthere?A、notyourgoingB、notyourgo

C、yournotgoingD、younottogo

6.何种情况下出现动名词/不定式？（介词；动词；suchas...；做主语，etc>）

1）只接“动名词”做宾语得词：

建议suggest冒险risk去献身devote,

忍受bear/stand期待lookforwardto不停顿keep。

放弃giveup延期putoff/de1ay悔regret失去miss,

坚持insiston/stickto/keepon欣赏enjoy/appreciate/fee11ike实践p

ractise成finisho

注意payattentionto原谅excuse避avoid反对objectto,

考虑consider要求demand/require/need不自禁can'thelp。

顾及al1owfor习惯beaccustomedto/beusedto不介意mind,

值得beworth开始setabout想imagine动名。Admit,a1low

2)只接“不定式”得动词：

seem,expect,hope,wish,want,decide,offer,manage,dare,

agree,promise,pretend,refuse,1earn,heIp,plan,intend;

“不定式加连词”show,teach,tell,advise,decide,discuss,findo

ut,etc^

Pleaseshowmehowtogettheresult>

Wehavenotdecidedwhethertogotohisparty、

3)两者皆可

忘记停止打算试，害怕继续悔偏爱，意欲愿意有困难.(此处单词为听写内容,------

为Remember,,forget,regret；stop;goon；beafraid;prefer；mean；

try；help(can'thelp)；feellikedoing/wouIdliketodo;havediff

icuItyindoing/1odo;

4)require,demand,want,need,beworth主动形式被动意义)

1.Theyhergoingtothepartythoughitwasnotpermitted、

A>allowedB、expectedC、persuadedD>permitted

2.Thewindowneed、A、TomendB>mendedC^bein

gmendedD、mending

3.Thismachineisworth_、A、tobuyB、buyingC、to

beboughtD、beingbought

7.名词从句

思考Heshowedhispanionswe11-chosenpresentshehadboughtfor

hisGF、

A>suchB>soC、whatD^how

2----that/whether(if)不做成分

3who(ever)主、表；whomever^=people/anyone/everyone(who...)w

hose(ever)which(ever)

what(ever)主、宾、表、定

4---when(ever)where(ever)how(ever)why状・---1hetime/p

lace/reason(when/where/why)

1.选择连词(结构辨析)

(1)ofthemdoyouthinkwillteachusClassthree?A、whoB>

whomC、whichD、what

(2)Heso1dthehouse_hethoughtwasagoodpriceA、what

B、atwhatC、atwhichD>atthat

(3)Thestudentsarea11interestedin____MissBrownmanagedto

doit、A、whichB>whatC^seeingD、how

2.辨别从句(定语/同位语/强调)

(4)Weknowthetruth_thereiswater,thereislife、A、that

whereverB、thatC、whereD、anywhere

(5)Heregretsnothavingfo1lowedherproposa1,heforgr

anted,thathewithmesomewarmclothes>A、that；ta

kes;takeBswhich；take;takeCxwhich;hastaken;takesD>which;

hastaken;take

(6)Itwasin1920thepoetpaidhisfirsttriptoAmerica

foranewchallengeinhiswritingcareerhegottoknowCha

rlieChaplin、A、that；whenB、when;thatC>inthatyear；thatD>

inwhich；when

3.无论;任何

(7)11remainsunknownshekiHedherselfwithagun、A、

howeverB、howeverC、whyD、whenever

(8)muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewanted

todo、A、HowB、WhateverC^HoweverD、Nomatter

(9)Ourmonitorneverfailstohe1p____hastroub1e^A^whoeverB

whomeverC>nomatterwhoD、thosewho

4.就是否；如果(同位语；介词之后；ornot；todo；歧义；句首；表语从句)

(10)Doesitmakeanydifferenceornotyousignupforthe

contest?A、thatB>ifC>whetherD>how

5.谁；任何人who；whoever；onewho;thosewho;

(11)Weshou1dn*tmakefunof___havetroub1einlearningEnglish、

A、anyonewhoB、whomeverC^thosethatD>who

(12)Istillwonder__couldgetintothebuildingthroughsuch

asma11hoieinthewalkA、whoBxwhoeverC>whomeverD>

thatwho

6.陈述语序

13)__doyousuppose?A、what/thatthewornanisB、Who/the

womanisC>Whom/thewomanisDwhat/isthewoman

(14)We'vehavetofinishthejob,、A^longittakeshoweverB、

i11akeshoweverIongC、IonghoweverittakesD、howeverlong

ittakes

7.介词宾语

(15)Theyalwaysgivethefreeticketsto_esfirst、Awhomever

B、whoeverC、thatwhat

(16)Givethemoneyto_youthinkisbadlyinneedof>A、

whomeverB、anyonewhoC>anyoneD、whoever

8.What活用

(17)Theancientmapwasfoundinweca11HebeiProvinceno

w、A、whichB、whatC、由alD、where

(18)Thisbookwillshowyouyouhavelearnedinonesub

jeclcanbeappliedinothersubjects、

9.That得用法（形式主/宾语）

(19)Wethinkitimportantcol1egestudentsshouldmast

eratleastoneforeign1anguage^A、whichwhatC、thatD>why

(20)Whatmadehermothersoangry?theexam>A>becaus

eshedidn'tpassB、shenotpassingC、thatshedidn'tpassD^bee

auseofhernotpassing

8.定语从句

1)关系代词that与which指物，当先行词为albeverything,nothing9little,anyt

hing等不定代词时，或有序数词、最高级、先行词含有人与物、用wh。开头得疑

问句、先行词前有theon1y,thevery,theright,justthe,以及两个

定语从句(包含关系)为避免重复得情况下，等，则只用thato

①先行词就是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,theone等不

定代词时

Thereisnothing(that)Icando、

Imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday、

That*sallIwanttosay>

②先行词被all,any,every,no,some,littie,much等词修饰时

Ihavereadal1thebooks(that)yougaveme、

Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike>

③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

Thisisthefirstposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish>

Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread、

④先行词被theon1y,thevery(正就是，恰就是)，thesame,thelast修饰

时

Thewhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireally1ike>

Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind、

Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthehospital、

ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday>

⑤当先行词有两个或两个以上时，既有人又有物，定语从句用that引导

(that既可指人也可指物)

HetaikedabouttheteachersandschooIsthathehadvisited>

2o下列情况不能使用that,而用which

©that不能引导非限制性定语从句

FootbalLwhichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedal1overtheworld、

②that不能置于介词之后(介词后指物用which,指人用whom)

ThepersontowhomIamspeakingjustnowisourEnglishteacher>

Theprizeforwhichheworkedsohardwasanewbicycle>

Weshoulddoeverythingthatwecantohelpthedisabled、

A、everythingB、whateverC>whatD、al1above

2)限制性定语从句不能用that,其区分得意义在于：

Thetourist,whoknewaboutthestorm,stayedinthehotel、(allt

hetourist)

Thetouristwhoknewaboutthestormstayedinthehotel>(onlysome

tourists)

Theweatherfbrecastsaidtherewouldbenorain,whichturnedout

tobenottrue>

3）含有介词得关系词，只能用which；如果介词不在关系词前则不受限制.

Doyouknowthepersonyourbrotherwritesto?

4）Whose在从句中既可以指人也可以指物，注意与which得转换：名词/代词/数词+介

词+whicho

Theylivedinahouse,whoseroofwasbroken>

=They1ivedinahouse,theroofofwhichwasbroken>

5）关系代词Which/that还就是关系副词where/when?取决于关系词在从句中充当

什么成分。

Thisisthefactorywhereweworked1astyear^（where=inthef

actory）

6）区分Itis/was…that…强调句与带有定语从句得复合句.方法就是去掉itis与th

at,剩余得仍然就是一个完整得句子。

ItwasatthetheatrethatLincoinwasmurdered>

11wasthetheatrewhereLinco1nwasmurdered、

7）有时候，标点符号也能影响句子结构。这就是英语句子得联结手段决定得。

YesterdayIgota1e11erfromLi,whichsaidthathewasgettingalong

wellwithhisstudies、

YesterdayIgotaletterfromLi>Itsaidthathewasgetting

a1ongwe11withhisstudies、

YesterdayIgota1etterfromLi,anditsaidthathewasge11

ingalongwe11withhisstudies

8）定冠词能向影响句子得结构。

MrSmithisoneoftheforeignerswhoareworkinginChina、

MrSmithistheoneoftheforeignerswhoisworkinginChin

a、

Isthisfactorytheoneyouvisitedlastweek?

Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedlastweek?

9）As与which得用法：

1）可以修饰整个句子;2）从句位置不同；3）有互换得可能。

Newtonwasagreatscientist,iswe11known、A、whomB、

asC^thatD、which

Asisknowntousall,theearthmovesaroundthesun>

Theputerismoreandmorewide1yusedinour1ife,whichencoura

gesustostudyharder>

Aswehavefoundinthelasttwoyears,thismatterhassomething

differentfromothers、

Allwedidhasbeenproved,asitis、

10）含有介词短语得动词一般不能分开.

ThechiIdrenwhomthenursesarelookingafterareveryhea1thy、

Thetwoe1ementswhichwaterconsistsofareoxygenandhyd

rogen、

比较:Theapartmentinwhichwehad1ivedtwentyyearswaspulleddown

finally>

11)关系代词that在定与从句中做介词宾语时，介词不能位于其前。

HeistheteacherthatIborrowedthedietionaryfrom>

HeistheteacherfromwhomIborrowedthedictionary>

12)定与从句与状语从句、名词从句得辨别。注意对从句性质得判断，据此来选择适当连

词。

(l)what=allthat；whatever=anythingthat；

Youhavegotwhatyouneed,whateIsedoyouwant?

Youhavegoteverything(that)youneed,whatelsedoyouwant?

Youwillsure1yfailedwhateveryoudonow、

(2)whoever=anyonewho；

Whoeverbreakstherulewillsure1ybepunished>

Anyonewhobreakstherulewillsurelybepunished>

(3)why=thereasonwhy；

CouIdyoutellmewhyyouwere1ateyesterday?

CouIdyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelateyesterday?

(4)同位语从句：

ThefactthatheSLokeatthemeetingastonishedus^

13)Reason；doubt;time;place做先行词

Thisisthereasonthathegaveuswhyhewasso1ale、

IhavenodoubtthathewouId1iketogowithus、

Thereisstil1adoubtwhetherhecouldeto、

Thisisthep1acewevisitedlastmonth

14)Same；such与as/that

1oas常出现在thesame...as,such...as,so...as,as...as等结构中

ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected>

I1iveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin)、

Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift、

Asmanychildrenascamehereweremyfather'spupiIs、

★thesame...that…与thesame...as…得区别

Ihaveboughtthesamewatchasyouhave>

我买了一块与您一样得手表。（我得手表与您得手表很像，但不就是同一块。）

ThisisthesamewatchthatI1ost、

这就就是我丢得那块手表。（这手表与我丢得手表就是同一块）

2oas引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前得整个句子（即先行词），可置于句首或句末。

Thise1ephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee、

Marywaslateforschoo1,asoftenhappened、

Asisknowntoall,theearthisround>

★as指代一句话与which指代一句话得用法区别

as得这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如:

1.ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述

2.asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来得那样

3.asiswel1known众所周知

4.aswasexpected正如预料得那样

5oashasbeenalreadypointedout正如己经指出得那样

6oasweallcansee正如我们都会瞧到得那样

which则不需要,例如:

Themandiedlastnight,whichisalie>

as替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而which只能放句末。

1)Thatisthesametoo1asweusedlasttime、与上次一样得

Thatisthesametoolthatweusedlasttime,就就是上次得那个

2)Wearenowinsuchaconditionthatthereisnootherchoicefor

us、如此...以至

Thesetrousersareso1datsuchalowpricepeop1ee

xpected>

A、likeB>asC>thatD、which正

如……那样得

Thisissuchaninstructivefilmeveryonewantstoseeag

ain^

A、asBthatC>whichD、what

15)Theway做先行词，关系词可以用inwhich；that;或省略

Idon*t1ike____youspeaktoher>A^thewaywhichB>thewayint

hatC>thewayD>thewaywhere

Weliketheminthesamewaythatwe1ikeprettycurtainmate

rial>

我们喜欢它们一如喜欢美丽得窗帘料子。

9.状语从句与连词；连接副词

1)Before；after：

Hesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeenta1kingforaminuteorso

beforeIunderstoodanything、

BeforeIgotinawordhehadmeasuredme、

Timepassedquick1yandthreemonthswentbybefbreheknew、

2)when(whenever),as,while:

IhadbeendrivingforatleastanhourwhenIfina1lyfoundhis

house>(前后)

Johnsangasheenteredtheroom>(同时)

AsFrankwentdownstairshiseyesfellonalargeenvelopebythedoor^

(瞬间)

Ikeptsilentwhi1ehewaswriting>(持续)

Whileothersweredoingmorningexercisesonthesports-groundhewass

1eepinginthebedroom、(并列连词：对比)

Theo1dmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldwhenhefeltapaininhisleft

hand>(=andthen；butthen；jus11hen)

3)til1untiI(notuntil)

ThecityremainedunderSpanishruleunti1Mexicowonitsindependen

cein1821、

Iknewnothingaboutituntil/til1/beforeyoutoldme>

Notunti1shehadheardthenewswasshereallyfrightened、(倒装)

Itwasnotunti1hewastenyearsoldthathestartedtoread>(强调)

4)since(eversinee)

Itwastenyearssincewehadbeenthere、（时态）

TheyhavebeenfriendseversincetheymetatschooR

5）OnceEverytime,Eachtime；thefirsttime,themoment,themi

nute；thetime；cissoonas,

Oneeyouneedhelp,don'thesitatetoletmeknow