高中英语语法冠词知识点讲解及练习

高中英语语法冠词知识点讲解及练习

一、冠词的位置

考点示例

1such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+形容词+单数可quiteasmallhouse,suchalittleboy

数名词

2how/however/so/too/as/that/this+形容词+a(n)+单数可soniceagirl

数名词

3both/all/hal^twice/double+the+名词twicethesizeoftheroom

4halfa(n)或ahalf+单数可数名词halfanhour/ahalfhour

二、不定冠词

考点示例

1表示泛指，与any同义Asquarehasfoursides.正方形有四边。

2表示数量“一”，与one同义，但其数的概念不Hewillbebackinaweek.一周后，他就会

如one强烈回来了。

3表示一类人或东西，与thesame同义Birdofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚，

人以群分。

4表示“每一个"，与every,each,per同义Ivisitmyfatheronceamonth.我一个月

见一次我爸爸。

5表示"某一"，与acertain同义AMr.Smithiswaitingtoseeyou.一位斯

密斯先生在等着要见你。

6表示“像……似的"，与like同义HeisaLeiFenginourclass.他是我彳门班

上的雷锋。

7用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、一阵、一份Wehadaheavyrainlastnight.我们昨晚

或一场”等遇到了一场大雨。

8用在某些抽象名词前，使其具体化Youareagreathelptoyourmother.你帮

了你母亲一个大忙。

三、定冠词

考点示例

1特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚ThereImetaforeigner,andtheforeignerhelped

mealot.

的、受定语修饰的人或物

Doyouknowthemanstandingbythewindow?

2用于单数名词前，指一类事物Thelionisawildanimal.

3用于乐器名称前playtheviolin/piano

4用于世界上独一无二的事物前thesun,theearth,themoon

5与某些形容词连用表示一类人therich,thepoor,theyoung,theaged

6用在序数词和最高级前thefirstonetocometoschool,thebeststudentin

ourclass

7在江河、湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸TheChangjiangRiver,theWestLake,theEnglish

Channel

的地名中

8在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数theBrowns,inthe1980s

词的复数前

9在表示国家的形容词前，泛指该国的theChinese,theEnglish

人民

10用在一些习惯用语中inthemorning,thedayaftertomorrow,theday

beforeyesterday,thenextyear

四、零冠词

考点示例

1专有名词和不可数名词前China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo,air,

money,water

2名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,Godownthisstreet.

any等

3当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时Wearestudents.

Ilikereadingstories.

4成对名词连用时dayafterday,facetoface

5在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名playbasketball,playchess,likephysics,speak

English,atlunch

词前

6在季节、月份、星期或某些含Day的AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing.

InMay,NewYear'sDay,onSunday

节假日等名词前

7在某些习惯用语中的名词前atnoon,bybus,bytelephone,inbed,intime,goto

bed,gotocollege

五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析

英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。

1.infrontof在..（外）的前面；inthefrontof在.....（内）的前面

Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一个花园。（外）

Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一块黑板。（内）

2.inchargeof掌管、负责；inthechargeof在..负责之下

Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。

Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。

3.attable在进餐、吃饭时；atthetable在桌旁

Heseldomtalksattable.吃饭时他很少说话。

Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。

4.byday白天、日间；bytheday按日计

Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在办公室工作。

Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。

5.takeplace发生、举行；taketheplace(of)代替、接替

Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?这次谈话什么时候进行的？

Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我们国家，电力火车

已经取代了蒸汽火车。

6.inwords用语言；inaword总之

Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.请用言语表达你的想法。

Inaword,Idon'ttrustyou.总之，我不相信你。

7.attimes有时、不时；atatime一次

Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有时我确实感到有些紧张。

Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次递给我两块砖。

8.little少、不多的；alittle—些、一点儿

Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快点，时间不多了。

Don'thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你还有时间。

9.few很少、几乎没有的；afew有些、几个

Heisamanoffewwords.他是一个少言寡语的人。

Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有几个孩子会阅读。

10.amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的(形容词的最高级)

Thisisamostinterestingstory.这是一个非常有趣的故事。

Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。

11.adoctorandnurse一位医生兼护士；adoctorandanurse一位医生和一位护士

Adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。

Adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。

12.anumberof许多、好些；thenumberof.....的数目（后面的谓语动词用单数）

Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.许多学生在教室里。

Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40个学生。

考点练透

一、单句填空用适当的冠词填空，不需要的划“广。

1.一hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?

——Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn'tMr.Smithhere.

2.Iknowyoudon'tlikemusicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof

musicinthefilmwesawyesterday?

3.一Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightoverkeyboard.

-Youshouldn'tputdrinksnearcomputer.

4.Ofallreasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather's

advicewasmostimportantone.

5.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,health-careplansareneededinallbig

citiestopreventspreadofAIDS.

6.Forhimstageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.

7.1thinkifreallyhonorformetospeakhere.

8.ThislabusedtobeinchargeofMr.Wang.

9.IknowthereisMr.Smithnextdoor,whohasgoneon

business.

10.Hedevotesmostofhistimetofootball.AndIamsurehepromises

excellentfootballer.

11.Don'tloseheart.Pleasehavesecondtry.

12.Thosewhoarerichshouldhelppoor.

13.Insomefactoriesworkersgetpaidbypiece.

14.JohnisuniversitystudentfromEuropeancountry.

15.Teachersplayactiveandimportantpartinbuildingupstudents9character.

16.Zhangsliveonthesecondfloor.

17.Itisknowntousallthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

18.Atowerisseenindistance.

19.Incaseoffire,pleasepressredbutton.

20.Shenzhenhaspopulationofmorethan10million.

21.daysIspentwithMaryinShanghaiweresowonderful.

22.Mybrotherwasbominspringof1990.

23.Howsweetlyshesings!Ihaveneverheardbettervoice.

24.BeijingissecondlargestcityinChina.

25.MytriptoTibetwasreallyunforgettableexperience.

二、语篇填空在括号中填入适当的冠词。

Thereoncewasakingwhooffered]prizeto2artistwhowouldpaint

3bestpictureofpeace.Manyartiststried.Thekinglookedatall4pictures.But

therewereonlytwohereallyliked,andhehadtochoosebetweenthem.

Onepicturewasofacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectmirrorforpeacefulhighmountainsall

aroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithfluffy（绒毛状的）whiteclouds.Allwhosawthispicture

thoughtitwas5perfectpictureofpeace.

Theotherpicturehadmountains,too.Butthesewereruggedandbare.Abovewas6

angrysky,fromwhichrainfellandinwhichlightningplayed.Down7sideofthe

mountaintumbled（翻腾）afoamingwaterfall.Thisdidnotlookpeacefulatall.

Butwhenthekinglookedclosely,hesawbehind8waterfallatinybushgrowingina

crackintherock.Inthebush9motherbirdhadbuilthernest.There,inthemidstofthe

bushofangrywater,satthemotherbirdonhernest一inperfectpeace.

Thekingchose10secondpicture.

三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknow

anythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,]outstandingscientist

andinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmay

surpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomething3surprisesyou?

ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?

4AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthatthere

wouldbenowarintheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,he

leftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywas

placedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem

6_theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)to

bechosenfbrtheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.

AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsof

mankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.His

inventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.

助读词汇

explosiven.炸药fundn.基金

outstandingadj.杰出的weaponn.武器

willn.遗嘱interestn.利息；收益

benefitn.利益effortsn.努力

setup设立；建立leavebehind留下

参考答案

考点练透

一、单句填空

1.a2./;the3.the;a4.the;the5.the;the6.the;a7.an8.the9.a;/10.