新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解第二部分怎样准解题第一讲细节理解题-据文比对定答案教师用书

阅读理解占据着高考试卷的第一部分，所占的分数比重也是最大。“良好的开端是胜利的一半”，阅读理解解答的顺当与否干脆影响着后面其他试题的答题时间和答题心态。准做、快做阅读理解试题，为攻克后面的题目节约时间。第一讲微小环节理解题——据文比对定答案微小环节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简洁，只须要依据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。【近3年全国卷考情分析】清迷点·扫盲点提升审题实力知答题方略明命题方式“两关注”“一防范”巧解微小环节理解题1.两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解和推断归纳。2.一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要依据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避开误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。干脆微小环节题常见设问方式：◆Whichactivitywillyouchooseif...？◆Whatwillyou/thestudentsdo...？◆Whencanyou...？◆Wherecanyou...？◆Whowill...？间接微小环节题常见设问方式：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes...？Howdoesthewriterrecommend...toreaders？Howmany/much......？技法1干脆信息理解题——关键词定位法在解答干脆信息理解题时，考生可实行“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中找寻与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后细致推敲，细致比对所给选项与文中微小环节的微小区分，在精确理解微小环节的前提下，最终确定答案。【解题流程】[典例][2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A]PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone'sparkphotographerforahands­onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19­Waterfalls&WideAngles：meetatArtistPoint.7/10­Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.23．WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A．ArtistPoint.B．WashburnTrailhead.C．CanyonVillageStore.D．VisitorEducationCenter.[解析]微小环节理解题。依据题干中的关键词“July10photographyworkshop”定位到选段最终一句“7/10­Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.”可知，7月10日参与者要在“WashburnTrailhead”碰面。[自主解答]________技法2间接信息理解题——二次加工慎判定为了更好地考查考生的语言实力和思维品质，命题人往往会对详细微小环节信息加以修饰或转换，以间接的方式来考查考生。假如说干脆信息理解题是直来直去考，那么间接信息理解题则是旁敲侧击考。干脆信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案，而间接信息理解题需对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。1．同义转换法运用同根词、同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词，例如运用ask来替换文中的require，运用lessdifferent来替换文中的moreincommon等。【解题流程】[典例1][2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D]Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday，theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman­natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit，”saidPeterKahn，aseniorauthorofthestudy.35．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A．Languagestudy.B．Environmentalconservation.C．Publiceducation.D．Interculturalcommunication.[解析]微小环节理解题。利用原词复现解题。由题干中的关键词“interact”定位到原文关键句“Andforthattohappen，wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit”可知，我们在与大自然互动以前须要疼惜自然。[自主解答]________

[典例2][2024·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A]Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.[解析]微小环节理解题。由题干中的关键词“submit”定位到原文关键句为“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.”，比对选项和信息句可知，假如你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成果将会是零分。submit与turnin为同义转述。[自主解答]________2．归纳概括考分析综合为了增加微小环节信息试题的难度，命题人有时候也会接受较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个微小环节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的详细内容，须要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个微小环节信息都能在文章中找到，但须要考生具有确定的概括和归纳实力。【解题流程】[典例3][2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B]WhenJohnToddwasachild，helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse，observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream，forexample，oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture，medicine，andfisheriesincollege，Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer­causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants，hefigured，maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco­machine.24．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.[解析]依据第一段中的“observinghownaturesolvedproblems”和“Whenhegotolder，Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking”和其次段中的“Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions”以及其次段中的两个问题可以看出，John是一个宠爱刨根问底、宠爱探究的人。longtodosth.“渴望做某事”。[自主解答]________技法3数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解常涉刚好间、年龄、年头、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简洁加工。计算量较小，比较简洁。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是精确解题的关键。【解题流程】[典例][2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A]WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2，500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations，wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety，includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡)，bikeswithchildseats，andchildren'sbikes.Prices HandBrake，ThreeGearsFootBrake，NoGears1hour7.505.003hours11.007.501day(24hours)14.759.75Eachadditionalday8.006.0021．WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?A．Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B．Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.C．Itorganizesfreecycletours.D．Ithasover2，500rentalshops.[解析]数字计算题。读题干定位到选段尾句“Weofferthenewestbicycles...withchildseats，andchildren'sbikes”可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能供应各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。[自主解答]________练重点练难点·创新应用体验[2024·福州市毕业班其次次质量检测]WALKIETALKIETOWERCLIMBDaretotakethestairsforarunchallenge!SignupandclimbupLondon'sWalkieTalkiebuildingon4March2024.RunorwalkuptheWalkieTalkiebuilding,andraisemoneytohelpseriouslyillchildrenatGreatOrmondStreetHospital.Climbover35floorsand896stepsbeforebeingrewardedwithacelebratorydrink.gosh.org/get­involved/fundraising­eventsRACETOREMEMBERWhynottakeonRacetoRemember.JoinTeamCombatStresson11thNovember2024andhelpraisefundsforveterans(老兵).Choosefroma76kmora36kmwalkorrun.AllracesfinishattheHMSVictoryinPortsmouth.Theregistrationfeeis75(76kmevent)or40(36kmevent)．events..ukTIMETORUNRunforresearchandtakeon50milesin50days!Takeonthisvirtualrunanywhere,anytimebetween1Marchand19April.We'reinvestinginpioneeringprojectsthatcouldslow,stoporchangeParkinson'scompletely.Andweaimtodeliverthenextnewtreatmentinyears.BytakingpartinTimetoRun,you'refundingParkinson'sUKresearch.Yourfundraisingwillhelpusfasttrackthemostpromisingtreatments.Signuptodayforjust5.events..uk/TTR23LONDONMARATHONGetyourrunningshoesonandjoinDepaulUKfortheTCS2024LondonMarathon.We'llcheeryouonasyouhelpraisevitalfundsforyoungpeopleaffectedbyhomelessness.StartinginGreenwichPark,you'llrunoverTowerBridgetowardsamemorablefinishonTheMall.Joinusatthestartlineandshowyoursupportforyoungpeople,Tosecureyourplace,signuptoday.kurt..uk1．Whichwebsitewouldyouvisitifyouwanttoclimbstairs?A．events..ukB．events..uk/TTR23C．kurt..ukD．gosh.org/get­involved/fundraising­events2．WhowillbenefitfromTIMETORUN?A．Sickchildren.B．Veterans.C．Thehomeless.D．TheParkinson'spatients.3．Whataretheseactivitiesaimedfor?A．Fun.B．Health.C．Charity.D．Workout.专题一阅读理解——先检索·再加工其次部分怎样准解题第一讲微小环节理解题——据文比对定答案技法1典例B技法2典例1B典例2A典例3C技法3典例B练重点练难点·创新应用体验【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是一些为慈善筹款的竞赛的相关信息。1．答