全国自考（英语写作）试卷6

全国自考（英语写作）-试卷6

（总分：6.00,做题时间：90分钟）

一、Supplythemissingparagraph（总题数：1,分数：2.00）

1.DifferentTypesofParentsItisuniversallytruethatallparentsintheworldlovetheir

children.However,asparents5viewsoflifevary,theylovetheirchildrenindifferentways.

Generallyspeaking,intermsofhowtheytreattheirchildren,parentsfallintothreebasictypes:

autocratic,democratic,andpermissive.Theautocraticparent5swordisthelaw.Healwayssets

rules,expectingcompleteobediencefromhischildren.Heassumesthatheknowswhatisbestfor

hischildrenandthattheywilllearndisciplineandrespectforauthorityfromhisorders.He

doesnotrealizethathemaynotknowbestandthatruleswithoutmercymaybreedcontemptfor

authority.Ifthechildcamehomelatefromapartybecauseamajoraccidentonthehighwaytied

uptrafficformiles,thisparentwouldnotallowthechildtoexplainhisreasonsforbeinglate.

Thechildwouldbeimmediatelypunished.Thiskindofparentprobablyhasgoodintentions,wanting

hischildtogrowup〃right,〃buthisapproachtothetaskmayleadtoconflicts.Thedemocratic

parentisnotsostrict.Heiswillingtodiscussruleswithhischildrenandlistentotheir

sideofanargument.Ifhischildcamehomeanhourlatefromaparty,hewouldlistentothe

explanationinsteadofpunishingthechildimmediately.Ingeneral,thedemocraticparentlays

downfewerrulesthanhisautocraticcounterpartbecauseherealizeschildrenmustlearncertain

thingsinlifeontheirown.Hepreferstoplaytheroleofanadvisorandisalwaysavailable

whenhischildrenneedhelp.

_______________________________________________________________________________Toofewpeoplewith

childrenaredemocraticparents,whichisthebestofthethreetypes.Toomuchortoolittle

authorityoftenbreedsdisrespectandresentment.Agoodparentshouldofferguidanceandadvice;

heshouldnottrytorulehischildrenordisregardhischildrencompletely.

（分数：2.00）

正确答案：(正确答案：Thepermissiveparenthasnorulesforhischildrenandofferslittleguidance,

Frequently,thisparentistoobusytotaketimewithhischildrenandleavesthemtoTV,school

andchance.Heallowshischildrentocomeandgoastheyplease.Hedoesn*tcarewhattheydo

orhethinkstheymustlearntosettheirownrules.Thisparentdoesn,tunderstandthatallyoung

peopleneedguidancebecausewhentheygrowup,theywillhavetoabidebyrulesofsociety.Not

learningtorespectorderearlymaycausethechildrentoresenttheruleseveryonemustobey.)

解析：解析：本文旨在通过对专制型、民主型及纵容型三种不同类型父母对待孩子的不同态度的描写，以

形成鲜明的对比，从而得出一位合格的父母所应具备的品质及要求：为孩子提供指导和建议；不要试图对

孩子进行统治或者完全忽视他们。文章结构整齐，思路清晰，首段和尾段均对缺省段起到了提示的作用。

如果对各段大意及相互关系有了准确的把握，那么补全缺省段落也就迎韧而解了。下面，让我们对文中各

段做一下分析：第一段，父母关爱自己的孩子是一个为大众所公认的真理。然而，父母对待生活的不同态

度形成了他们关爱子女的不同方式。一般说来，根据父母对待子女的不同方式，可以将他们分为三类：专

制型父母、民主型父母及纵容型父母。第二段，对于专制型父母来说，他们的话就是法律。他总是立下规

矩，期望孩子对他完全顺从。他自认为他知道什么对孩子的成长有利，并确信他的命令会使孩子懂得遵守

纪律、尊敬长辈，却没有意识到他那冷酷的统治最终会导致孩子对他们手中权力的反抗。第三段，相比之

下，民主型父母就没有那么严格了，他总是愿意与孩子讨论并听取他们的意见。与专制型父母相比，民主

型父母只立下少数规定，因为他们知道孩子必须靠自己在生活中学得一些东西。因此，这类父母更喜欢扮

演一个建议者的角色，并在孩子需要帮助的时候向他们伸出援助之手。最后一段，对孩子实行民主的父母

太少了。然而，这类父母是最理想的父母。对孩子要求太多或太少都会使孩子对家长产生不满和愤恨。一

位好的父/母亲应该对孩子进行指导并给予建议；他不应该对孩子进行统治或者完全忽视他们。由此可见，

第一段首先提出了本文的主题思想句，Intermsofhowtheytreattheirchildren,parentsfallinto

threebasictypes：autocratic,democratic,andpermissive.其中关键要掌握三个关键词：autocratic,

democratic,andpermissive,因为下文分别要对这三种类型父母进行描述。由此可推知，在对第一类和

第二类父母对孩子的态度的介绍之后，随之而来的应该是对纵容型父母的描述。这时，再参照最后一段，

可以得出民主型父母是本文作者所推崇的一种类型，这同时也为我们补写缺省段落起到了点晴的作用，即

在阐述纵容型父母时，要着重从强调他/她对孩子的态度上所产生的负面影响入手。原文中一些有用的短

语：（1）generallyspeaking一般而言（=ingeneral）e.g.Generallyspeaking/Ingeneral,people

likeher.人们一般都喜欢她。（2）intermsof根据，按照e.g.Intermsofthebenefitsofsports,

theycankeepushealthy,andcultivateourteamspirit.从体育运动给我们带来的好处讲，它们可

以使我们保持身体健康，并且培养我们的合作精神。（3）fallinto：分成（=classifyinto）e.g.This

topicfallsnaturallyintothreesections.这个论题可自然地分成三个部分。（4）begoodfor对...

有益e.g.Itisn'tgoodforchildrentogivethemeverythingtheywant.孩子们要什么就给什

么，这对他们并无益处。（5）tieup阻碍；使动弹不得e.g.a）：Theaccidenttiedupthetrafficfor

hours.这宗事故使交通阻塞了好几个小时。b）Ican'tcomeouttonight.Vmabittiedupatwork.今

晚我来不了，我有工作实在脱不开身。（6）bewillingtodosth乐于做...e.g.Asaneloquentgirl,

sheisalwayswillingtoparticipateinvariousdebatesheldinherschool.她很善辩，总是愿

意参加学校组织的各种形式的辩论赛。（7）laydown（坚定或正式）阐述；声明；规定e.g.Theregulations

laydownthatmembersmustalwayssignguestsin.规则规定会员必须为带来的客人签字。（8）onone's

own单独地；独自地e.g.Howdoyoulikelivingonyourown?你觉得独自生活怎么样？

二、Writeanoutline（总题数：1,分数：2.00）

2.BillAbillhasbeenintroducedintheUnitedStatesCongresswhich,ifpassed,wouldreduce

theminimumwageforworkingteenagersundertheageof18.Theminimumwagewouldbedecreased

asmallamountforeachyearunder18untiltheageof15.Afewteenagersreactnegativelytowards

thebill,buttheyareprobablytheluckyoneswhohaveajob.Althoughthesepeoplewouldhave

totakeacutinpay,thebillhasmanyadvantagesandshouldbepassed.Firstofall,theidea

ofareducedminimumwagewouldallowforthehiringofmoreteenagers.Unemploymentishighfor

teensunder18,especiallyinminoritygroups.Ifthebillbecamealaw,twoteenagerswouldbe

hiredforthepriceofone.Eventhoughsomepeoplesaythatabusinessmighthireteenagersin

placeofolderpeople,thisishighlyunlikely.Mostteensonlyworkpart-timeandthereforewould

notinterferewithhiringintheolderworkforce.Puttingmoreteenagersintheworkforcewould

bebeneficialbecausethewagesthattheymakewouldhelptheirparentsoutfinancially.These

teenagerswouldhavetheirownspendingmoneyfordates,forgas,andforclothes.Also,putting

moreteenagersonthejobcouldpossiblyreducethecrimerateamongthem.Withsomemoneyin

theirpockets,teenagerswouldnotneedtoshopliftortocommitrobbery.Someteensthinkthe

proposedwageswouldbesolow.Itwouldnotbeworththeirworking.However,areducedwagedoes

notmeanthatemployersarefreetopayunreasonablylowwages.Asitis,manysmallbusinesses

paybelowminimumwagenow,andtheyhavenotroublefindingteenagerswhoarewillingtowork.

Inaddition,noincometaxistakenoutforteenagers,soalmostalltheirwagesarepureincome.

Somepeoplefearthisbillwillmarkanendtotheminimumwagerequirementsforeveryone.These

peoplearemisinformed,forthisminimumwagereductionwouldnotaffectanyone18orolder.

Insteaditwouldmainlyaffecttheteenagersthatworkduringthesummersandafterschool.These

teenagersaremakingmoneytosaveandtospendforextras.Theyarenot,inthemain,breadwinners.

Theolderteenagersandadults,whoarebreadwinners,wouldcontinueattheirsamesalaries.The

reducedminimumwagecouldalsotakeasmallburdenoffalreadyaidingbusinessthathires

teenagers.Iftheydonothavetopaysomuchforwages,thebusinesscouldtakethemoneysaved

andinvestitintheirownbusinesses.Theycouldreneworexpandtheirmachinerytoincrease

production.Finallywiththeoveralldecreaseinexpendituresbecauseofthereducedminimumwage,

pricescouldgodown,whichwouldhelptofightinflation.Althoughsomeyoungerteenagersdo

notwanttotakethewagecuts,thisideahasmanypositiveeconomicpossibilities:itmighthelp

insolvingproblemswithunemployedteens,parents,financialburdens,crime,andrevitalization

ofbusiness.Thebilldeservesachance.

（分数：2.00）

正确答案：（正确答案：I.TheintroductionofthebillII.TheadvantagesofthebillA.Benefits

toteenagers1.Increasingofhiringchance2.Helpingparentsbyearningone'sownspendingmoney

3.Reducingthecrimerateamongteenagers4.PureincomeB.NoaffectiontoothersC.Benefits

tobusinessIII.Thepositivepossibilitiesofthebill）

解析：解析：这样的题相对来说比较容易，我们在答题时，只要找出文章中相应的句子，对号入座即可。

下面我们具体来分析一下本题。第一段：作者介绍了bill的由来。说到bill的出现，对于已经工作的十

八岁以下的青少年来说，他们的最低工资额度减少了。第二段：讲到了bill的出现给青少年带来的很多

优势。首先，可以让青少年们获得更多被雇佣的机会。第三段：青少年工作可以使得他们的父母在经济上

减轻了一些负担。第四段：对于青少年的薪水，国家是不收税的，这样他们挣的工资是净工资。第五段：

讲到bill的出现除了对青少年有影响之外，不会影响其他人。第六段：bill的另一个好处就是在生意上

带来优势。第七段：作者强调了bill带来的积极影响。

三、Composeanessay（总题数：1,分数：2.00）

3.Somepeopleinsistthatthefamilyhasthemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults.Otherpeople

thinkthatfriendshavethemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults,whichviewdoyouagree

with?Writeashortexpositoryessayabout300wordstoexplicateyouropinion.Inyourwriting,

underlineyourthesisandnumberyourparagraphs.

（分数：2.00）

正确答案：(正确答案：FriendsDoMostoftheInfluenceonYoungAdults(1)Somepeoplethinkthat

thefamilyhasthemostimportantinfluenceontheyoungadults.Forexample,somescientists

andstatesmenowetheirsuccessestothegoodupbringingtheirfamilieshavegiventhem.Butothers

thinkthatfriendshavethemostimportantinfluenceonyoungadults.Asapopularsayinggoes,

〃Amanisknownbythecompanyhekeeps.〃Personally,Ithinkfriendsdomostoftheinfluence

onyoungadults.(2)Thereasonsareobvious.Inschool,diligentstudents,whenjeeredby

pleasure-huntingfriends,arepossibletobecomelazy,orevenbad.Ontheotherhand,wrong-doers

whofeelguiltyinthepresenceoftheirvirtuouscompanionscanoftenturnoveranewleaf.As

weknow,manyyoungadultspaymuchattentiontotheirplaymates.Oncetheybeginhavingfriends,

familymembersusuallybecomelessinfluential.MyEnglishteacher，ssonisacaseinpoint.When

hewasinjuniorhighschool,hebeganlearningtosmokejustbecausehisplaymatesweresmokers.

Outofcuriosity,hetried.Graduallyheformedthehabitofsmoking.MyUncle5sonlysonisanother

caseinpoint.Hissonwasarrestedtheotherdayformurderingalady.Itwashisplaymateswho

stimulatedhimtokilltheladyforhermoney.Withbadcompany,childrenareveryeasytoslide

intobadhabitsandeventocommitcrimes.(3)Fromtheabove,wecanseethattheyoungadults

aremucheasiertobeinfluencedbytheirplaymates,especiallybytheirbadplaymates.Intheir

youngminds,playmatesaretheir〃good〃friends.Therefore,someoneconcludesthattellmewho

yourfriendsare,andI'11tellyouwhatkindofpersonyouare.AndIthinkthisisabsolutely

true.)

解析：解析：有人认为，家庭对个人的发展影响最大，有人认为朋友对人的影响最大，你认为哪个是对人

影响最大的?写一篇说明文，阐述你的观点。下面以朋友对人的影响最大这一观点为例,做一个具体的分析。

首先应该考虑到，写朋友并不能只写朋友，也应提一下家庭的影响，否则就有点片面了。接下来应该着重

分析朋友影响大的原因。交品质好的朋友有什么影响，交品质不好的朋友又有什么影响?有时候品质好的朋

友会把一个懒惰的人往好的方面带，品质不好的朋友也很有可能把一个人领向犯罪的边缘。为了让阐述更

加有力，还可以举几个事例。最后再对文章加以总结，使文章前后呼应。下面，我们列一个英文的提纲，

以辅助写作。1.Thesis：Familyhasinfluenceontheyoungadults,butfriends'influenceismuch

bigger.2.ThereasonswhythefriendshavebiggerinfluenceA.Diligentstudentsmaybecome

lazybecauseofapleasure-huntingfriend.B.Wrong—doersmayturnoveragoodleafifhemeets

agoodcompanion.C.Manyyoungadultspaymuchattention